Ko kuli ko beyar - baƙi a gidan namun daji ba za su iya sanin wanda suka fi kama ba binturong? Wannan dabba mai furfura mai doguwar jela da gashin baki tana da ɗan ɗanɗano kamar ɗan raccoon, kuma a lokaci guda ya san yadda ake yin gurnani kamar alade. Amma har yanzu, wannan layar ba ta da alaƙa da dabbobin da aka lissafa. Wannan jinsin na musamman ne, mai zaman kansa, sha'awar da yake ƙaruwa a cikin recentan shekarun nan.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Binturong
Tare da halaye masu kyau da kuma saurin tafiya, amma binturong ya fito ne daga dangin civerrid. Kodayake Binturong har yanzu yana da tushe ɗaya tare da dangin ƙawancen, sun koma farkon Paleogene. Sunan Latin na mai farauta shine Arctictis binturong. Duk membobin wannan dangi suna da irin waɗannan fasalullura: siraran jiki, doguwar jela da gajerun kafafu.
A waje, suna kama da weasel, ko feline, tare da sassauƙa, jikin tsoka, matsakaiciyar wuya da doguwar ruɓa. Kunnuwa galibi ana ware su sosai kuma idanuwansu manya ne. Limafafu biyar. Viverrids na dijital ne da tsirrai. Gabaɗaya, wannan dangin sun haɗa da nau'ikan 35, waɗanda aka haɗasu cikin zuriya 15 da ƙananan iyalai 4. Yawancin jinsunan ba su da cikakken nazari.
Bidiyo: Binturong
Binturong yana da ƙididdigar ƙananan ƙididdiga guda 6 da ƙari 3 waɗanda ba a san su ba. Kamfanonin Binturong, alal misali, daga Indonesiya ko daga Tsibirin Philippine, suna da ƙayyadaddun wuraren zama, saboda haka ba a saka su cikin jerin takaddun hukuma ba:
- binturong albifrons;
- binturong binturong;
- binturong bengalensis;
- binturong kerkhoven;
- binturong whitei;
- binturong penicillatus.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Binturong - cat bear
Binturong dan iska ne mai rauni, mai gajerun kafafu. Yana da nauyin kilo 9 zuwa 15, kamar matsakaiciyar kare. Tsawon baligi ya kasance 60-100 cm, ban da wutsiya, kuma tsawonsa ya yi daidai da girman jiki. Wutsiyar binturong tana da ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Wannan duka hannu ne da ƙarin tallafi yayin tafiya.
Kinkajou ne kawai, wanda ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka, zai iya yin alfahari da irin wannan daki-daki mai ban sha'awa, amma a Asiya ita ce kawai mai wakiltar sarkakiya da ke wakiltar mahautan. An rufe wutsiyar binturong da dogon gashi mara ƙarfi, a gindin an ɗan yi haske. Gabaɗaya, dabba ce mai ƙyanƙyashe da gashi mai yalwa.
A jiki, gashin yana da sheki, kusan kwal-baƙi, wani lokacin yana da furfura, wanda masu kiwon karnuka ke kira "gishiri da barkono". Koyaya, akwai wasu samfuran launin toka mai duhu, hade da wuraren launin shuɗi mai launin rawaya ko haske. Kan yana da fadi, kaifi kusa da hanci. Af, baki hanci yana kamanceceniya da na kare, koyaushe yana da ruwa kuma yana sanyi.
Kan da bakin yana da mafi yawan adadin farin toka a kan baƙar fata. Hatta layuka masu wuya da tsayi, da girare da auricles, ana watsa su da "gishiri da barkono". A kunnuwa masu kyau, akwai goge baki ba tare da feshin ba. An tsara gabobin ne ta yadda gaba zasu iya tonawa, kwacewa da mannewa ga rassan bishiyoyi, kuma ta bayan baya zasu iya jinginawa da daidaitawa yayin ɗagawa.
Idon Binturong launin ruwan kasa ne, cilia nada. Idanun kyanwa ba su da kyau sosai, kamar yadda ake ji. Amma jin ƙamshi da taɓawa suna da kyau. A wannan ana taimaka masa da yawa, yana amfani da su sosai lokacin da yake shaƙar abubuwan da ba a sani ba. Mai farautar yana da hakora 40 a bakin, musamman canines, tsayin cm 1.5, sun fita waje.
Kuna iya bambanta namiji da mace ta launi - jima'i na mace ya fi na namiji sauki. Mata ma sun fi girma girma. Suna da manyan nonuwa biyu da tsari na musamman na al'aura, wadanda suke dauke da kashi, shi yasa da yawa suke rikita su da maza.
A ina binturong yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Dabba Binturong
Babu wurare da yawa a duniya da waɗannan dabbobin ke rayuwa. Mafi yawansu suna zaune ne a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Mazaunin binturong ya faro daga India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, zuwa Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, lardin China na Yunnan da tsibirin Indonesia: Sumatra, Kalimantan da Java, kuma su ma suna zaune a tsibirin Palain na Philippines.
Wannan dabbar mai shayarwar tana rayuwa musamman a dazukan wurare masu zafi. Sau da yawa ana samun su a cikin tsaunukan dazuzzuka da filayen Assam, amma har ma galibi ana iya ganin su a cikin tsaunuka da tsaunuka tare da kyakkyawan dazuzzuka. An yi rikodin Binturongs a gandun dajin na Manas, a cikin dazukan kare Lahimpur, a dazukan tsaunukan tsaunukan arewacin Kashar da na yankin Haylakandi.
A Myammar, an dauki hotunan Binturongs a Taininthayi Nature Reserve a tsawan tsawan mita 60. A cikin Hawking Valley, suna zaune a tsawan tsawan 220-280. A cikin Rakhine Yoma Elephant Sanctuary, a wani tsayi na 580. A Thailand, a Khao Yai National Park, an ga Binturongs a cikin bishiyoyi masu yawa inabi.
A cikin Laos, ana samun su a cikin dazuzzuka marasa haske. A cikin Malesiya - a cikin dazuzzuka na sakandare da suka kafa kansu bayan an sare su a shekara ta 1970. A cikin Palawan, suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na farko da na sakandare, gami da wuraren kiwo na mosaic na gandun daji.
Menene binturong ke ci?
Hotuna: Bear cat binturong
Duk da kasancewa mai farauta, amma binturong yana da iko. Kuma akasin haka, ya fi son abincin tsire fiye da furotin, ya bambanta da sauran viverrids.
Bangaren furotin na abincin shine kawai 30%; a cikin binturong, an gabatar dashi kamar haka:
- Birdsananan tsuntsaye;
- Rodents, beraye, voles;
- Tsutsotsi;
- Kwari;
- Qwai;
- Kifi;
- Molluscs;
- Masassarar kunkuru;
- Kwaɗi.
Hakanan, waɗannan kyawawan mutane basa ƙyamar gawa, satar tsuntsayen gida. Amma suna cin kifi da tsutsotsi ne kawai a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe, tunda shiga cikin ruwa da haƙawa a cikin ƙasa ba shine abin da suka fi so ba, kodayake suna iyo daidai.
Game da abincin tsirrai, wanda yakai kashi 70% na abincin su, 'ya'yan itace asalinsu anan:
- Siffa;
- Inabi;
- Lemu;
- Peach;
- Ayaba;
- Tuffa;
- Cherries.
Ana samun 'ya'yan Binturong ba tare da wata matsala ba, suna hawa bishiyoyi daidai. A lokaci guda, sau da yawa, don tsinke 'ya'yan itace mai daɗi, ba sa amfani da gajerun kafa, amma kyakkyawan wutsiya. Wani lokaci Binturongs suma suna ziyartar mutane don neman abinci; basu da haɗari ga mutane, tunda basu taɓa kawo hari ba.
A cikin fursuna, ana ajiye su a cikin gidan zoo kuma ana basu abinci tare da naman sabo iri-iri, kifi, cikakken saitin fruitsa fruitsan itace, da kuma hadaddun kayan abinci na musamman tare da bitamin da ma'adanai. Kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, waɗannan dabbobin zuma ba zasu taɓa hana kansu jin daɗin gwada kayan kiwo ba.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Binturong - cat bear
Binturongs ba na dare bane, amma galibi suna aiki da rana - kasancewa kusa da mutane ba zai koya muku komai ba. Binturongs suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin bishiyoyi. Tsarin musamman na kwarangwal yana taimaka musu a cikin wannan, ingantattun tsokoki na ɗamarar kafaɗa yana sa ƙafafun gaba suyi ƙarfi sosai.
Don hawa sama a kan tafin hannu ko rataye a kan reshe, dabbar dole ne ta yi amfani da dukkan yatsun hannu a gaban ƙafafun ta na gaba, duk da haka, yana yin hakan ba tare da adawa ba. Feetafusun baya na iya juya baya. Wannan wajibi ne don saukowa daga itacen bishiya. Binturong ya sauko kai tsaye. Yana hawa a hankali a hankali, kuma ba zato ba tsammani, yana tsalle kamar biri. A cikin wannan lamarin, wutsiya tana taimaka masa sosai, wanda ke taimaka wa jingina da kiyaye daidaito. Dabbar tana tafiya a hankali a kasa, amma a cikin ruwan ruwa yana motsawa cikin sauri da sauri. Binturongs sanannen masu iyo ne.
A dabi'a, tsawon rayuwar mai shayarwa ta kai kimanin shekaru 10, lokaci-lokaci wadannan alkaluma sukan kai 25. A cikin bauta, a karkashin kyakkyawan yanayi, 'yan binturongs suna rayuwa tsayayyu sau 2. An ajiye su a cikin shahararrun gidan zoo a duniya.
'Yan yawon bude ido na son daukar su hoto, kuma wadannan kuliyoyin kuli-kulin har ma sun koyi yadda ake daukar su. Ana ba su a hannun, su so mutum kuma su yi roƙon zaƙi. Bayan wani ɓangaren marshmallow ko kek mai zaki, dabbobi, a ƙarƙashin tasirin glucose, sun fara tsalle da gudu da sauri. Koyaya, bayan awa ɗaya sai su faɗi kuma nan da nan barci mai nauyi ya kwashe su.
Binturongs suna yin sautuna kaɗan daban-daban. Suna tsarkakewa kamar kuliyoyi, suna kururuwa kamar kyarketai masu kyankyami, kururuwa, kumburi kamar barewar daji. Idan dabbar ba ta gamsu da wani abu ba, zai iya yin gunaguni ko ma ya yi ihu da ƙarfi. Wasu suna jayayya cewa ana iya jin dariya daga Binturong mai gamsarwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Dabba Binturong
Waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da taimako, suna fara neman kamfani don kawai su sami zuriya. Bayan haka ba kawai sun sami kansu madawwami biyu ba, har ma sun ɓace a cikin manyan al'ummomi. Abin sha'awa, mata ne ke mamaye irin wadannan al'ummomin. Wani fasalin binturong shine kasancewar ƙanshin ƙanshin turare wanda yake a yankin tsuliya.
Wannan gaskiyar ce ta haifar da tatsuniya cewa binturong yana kamshi kamar popcorn. Asirin wadannan gland din ana amfani dasu cikin kayan kamshi. A dabi'a, ana buƙatar waɗannan gland ɗin don maza da mata don sanya alama. Irin waɗannan alamun suna da cikakkun bayanai game da wanda ya saka su. Wannan shine jima'i, shekarun mutum da kuma shirye shiryen saduwa.
Don yiwa alamar rassa girma a tsaye, dabbobi na danna gland akan shi kuma suna jan gangar jikin. Kuma don alamar rassan da aka samo asali, an ɗora su a bayansu, jawo hankalin reshe zuwa ga kansu tare da ƙafafunsu na gaba kuma kai tsaye zuwa yankin kusa da wutsiyar su. Maza na iya sanya alamomi ta wata hanyar daban, su jika ƙafafunsu da fitsarinsu kuma su shafa a itace. Wani bangare na wasannin mating shine hayaniya da tsalle. Yayin saduwa, mace wani lokacin takan rungumi abokiyar zamanta, ta latsa jelarta da hannunta zuwa gindin wutsiyarsa. Bayan sun kafa biyu, Binturongs suna da zuriya sau biyu a shekara.
Uwa mai kulawa tana shirya gida don yara masu zuwa nan gaba a cikin aminci, yawanci a cikin ramin itace. An yarda wa namiji ya zauna tare da iyali na tsawan lokaci 2. Suna yawan fada a watan Janairu da Afrilu. Ciki yana ɗaukar kwanaki 90 kawai, bayan haka ana haihuwa jarirai 1 zuwa 6.
Kubiyoni suna da nauyin 300. Yaran da aka haifa tuni suna iya yin sautuka kama da meowing. Sasan suna rarrafe daga cikin gida kamar makonni 2. Suna ciyar da madara daga sa'ar farko ta rayuwa har zuwa makonni 6-7, sa'annan su yaye kansu daga gare ta, suna ciyar da abincin ganyen da mahaifiya ta kawo. Koyaya, Binturongs sun zama manya kuma sun balaga ta hanyar jima'i kawai a cikin shekaru 2-2.5.
Makiyan Binturong
Hotuna: Bear cat binturong
Binturong yana da makiya da yawa. Kamar yadda ya saba, ƙananan dabbobi da raunin mutane suna cikin haɗari musamman.
Manya manyan dabbobi masu fuka-fukai ne ke kai musu hari:
- Kadarori;
- Damisa;
- Jaguars;
- Tigers;
- Mikiya;
- Hawkoki;
- Karen daji;
- Macizai.
Babban mutum, mai lafiya binturong bashi da rauni kamar yadda yake. Zai iya tsayawa da kansa. Lokacin da aka yi kusurwa, ya zama mai tsananin tashin hankali, yana raunin mai farauta tare da ƙafafuwansa, cizon da ƙarfi da gurnani da ƙarfi. Mutum da tasirin sa akan yanayi, musamman, sare dazuzzuka, suna da babban haɗari a gareshi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Binturong
Binturongs a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi da yawa ana kiyaye su kamar dabbobin gida, waɗannan dabbobin masu saurin wauta suna da sauƙin sarrafawa. Koyaya, a yawancin ƙasashe, dabbar bata karɓi irin wannan rarraba ba saboda ƙanshinta. A Vietnam, da cikin sassan Laos, naman binturong ana ɗaukarsa abinci ne na abinci. Ana kashe su ne don samarwa gidajen abinci sabbin nama da kayan ciki na dabbobi.
A kudu maso gabashin Asiya da China, waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa an hallaka su sosai, suna jagorantar su zuwa farauta mara iyaka. A cikin Borneo, yawan Binturong ya ragu sosai saboda yankewar bishiyoyi. A cikin Philippines, ana kama dabbobi don sayarwa, kamar yadda yake a Vietnam. A wasu ƙasashe, binturong ya sami matsayin kariya kuma doka tana kiyaye shi.
Don haka a Indiya tun daga 1989 an saka shi cikin shirin III CITES. A nan aka sanya shi mafi girman matsayin kariya. Kuma a kasar Sin, an sanya dabbar a cikin Littafin Ja kuma an ba shi matsayin jinsin halittu da ke cikin hatsari.
A cikin Thailand, Malaysia da Borneo, wannan nau'in civet ɗin an haɗa shi a cikin dokar kiyaye namun daji. A Bangladesh, an kare binturong tun shekara ta 2012. Amma a cikin Brunei, har yanzu ba a yi ƙoƙari don kare Binturong a matakin doka ba. Wannan dabba mai ban sha'awa tana faranta ran masu yawon bude ido, baƙi na zoo da kuma masoyan yanayi tare da kamanninta.
Sunaye masu kyau irin na kyanwa mai ɗauke da dabba. Ya rage kawai su mai da hankalinsu gareshi ga hukumomin wadancan jihohin inda aka yiwa wannan halittar kisan gilla. Zuwa binturong ba kawai mu kaɗai muka yarda da shi ba, har da zuriyarmu.
Ranar bugawa: 28.01.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 16.09.2019 a 22:26
