Farin damisa shine ɗayan manyan wakilan dangi. Yana da haɗari mai haɗari tare da ƙarfi, sassauƙa da muscular jiki. Rashin hankali da dabara. Wanda aka yiwa damisa kusan bashi da damar rayuwa. Koyaya, damisa suna da hankali game da 'ya'yansu. Suna tsare yankunansu cikin damuwa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Farin Tiger
Dabba mai shayarwa daga umarnin felines. Maƙiyin Na mallakar jinsi ne Panthera kuma yana daya daga cikin fitattun wakilan wannan jinsi. Yawan damisar ya samo asali ne tun lokacin Pleistocene, ragowar abubuwan da aka gano na masu farauta sun kai shekaru miliyan 1.82. An samo ragowar farko na tsohuwar damisa a tsibirin Java a Asiya. A baya can, an yi imanin cewa asalin ƙasar Tigers ƙasar China ce, duk da haka, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan a cikin wannan yanki ya ƙaryata wannan ka'idar. Haka kuma ragowar damisa na zamanin Pleistocene na ƙarshe an same su a China, Indiya a Altai da Siberia a Japan da Sakhalin.
Bidiyo: Farin Tiger
Dangane da bayanan archaeological, an san cewa damisa ta rabu da zuriyar kakanni fiye da shekaru miliyan 2 da suka gabata. Da yawa fiye da sauran membobin wannan aji. Masana kimiyya suma sun san cewa magabatan farko na damisa sun fi wakilan zamani na wannan aji girma. An fara gano farin damisa ta zamani a shekarar 1951.
Launin damisa ya ware daga maye gurbi, kuma yana da matukar wuya a cikin namun daji. Wannan jinsin ya bazu ta tsallaka fararen damisa mai launin rawaya. Iyaye masu launi irin na yau da kullun, wani lokacin ana haifar da farin zuriya. A cikin duniyar zamani, fararen damisa cikin nasara sun rayu kuma sun haɗu a cikin gandun daji da gidan zoo.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabbar farin dabba
Farin damisa dabba ce mai girman gaske. Mai haɗari mai haɗari. Farin damisa mai nauyin kilogram 180 zuwa 270, ya danganta da inda dabbar take zaune, da kuma hanyar rayuwa, nauyin dabbar da tsayin ta na iya zama mafi girma. Akwai mazan da nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 370. Sananne ne cewa dabbar da ke zaune a nahiyoyi sun fi damisa girma da yawa a kan tsibiran.
Fasali na tsarin jikin fararen damisa:
- Tsawo a bushe 1.17 m. Tsawon mazan da suka manyanta ya kai kusan 2.3-2.5;
- Mata fararen damisa sunada nauyi da girma;
- Nauyin mace baligi ya kai 100-179 kg. Tsayin daga 1.8 zuwa 2.2 m;
- Tigers suna da cikakkiyar ƙwayar tsoka. Haka kuma, bangaren gaban jiki a cikin damisa ya fi na baya baya;
- Matsakaicin girman kan babban namiji kusan 210 mm ne. Tigers suna da ƙananan, zagaye kunnuwa, tare da farin gashi a cikin kunnen;
- Iris na idanu launin toka ne-shuɗi. Tigers na iya gani da kyau cikin duhu.
Tunda damisa dabba ce mai cin nama, tana da kumburi mai kaifi da kaifi. Damisa babba tana da hakora 30. Tsarin yadda ake hakora a cikin damisa shine kamar haka: a ƙasa akwai manyan canines 2 da incisors 6, haƙori mai fenti 1 da haƙori biyu. Manyan hakora 3 na farko da mai zane 1.
Tigers na da manya-manyan fuka-fukai, waɗanda girman su ya kai santimita 9. Waɗannan hanzarin suna taimakawa wajen kashe abincin da kuma raba nama.
Gashi na damisa mai dumi ne kuma mai yawa. Tigers a cikin yanayi mai sanyi suna da gashi mai kauri. Murfin ya yi ƙasa, gashin ya yi fari. Gashi basu da yawa. Ulu mai launin toka mai hayaki tana da ratsi-ratsi baƙar fata. Akwai ratsiyoyi kusan baki 100 a jikin dukkan dabbar. Ya kamata a san cewa farin tigers ba su da yawa, kuma sun sami launi saboda maye gurbi.
Yaya tsawon farin damisa?
A matsakaita, damisa na rayuwa cikin namun daji daga shekaru 14 zuwa 17. Koyaya, akwai kuma waɗanda suka yi shekaru ɗari da suka rayu da yawa. A cikin yanayin ajiya, rayuwar damisa ta fi shekaru da yawa.
A ina fararen damisa suke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Farin damisa daga littafin Ja
Mazaunin farin damisa daidai yake da na sauran damisa na Bengal. Mahalli na wannan nau'in shine Arewa da Tsakiyar Indiya, Nepal. Yankin muhalli na Terai Douar. Bankunan Ganges da Bangladesh. Ana samun wakilan wannan nau'in a cikin Asiya. Daga inda suke jagorantar yawan su. Tsibirin Java, Afghanistan, Iran da Hindustan.
Farin damisa galibi suna rayuwa cikin kamuwa, amma a yanayi ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin adadin 1 cikin damisa dubu 10 tare da launi na al'ada.
Menene farin damisa take ci?
Photo: Rare dabba farin damisa
Damisa dabba ce mai cin nama, kuma abincin babban kuli galibi ya ƙunshi nama. White damisa suna son cin abinci akan dabbobin kofato.
Babban wadanda damisar ta shafa sune:
- barewa;
- barewa;
- dabbobin daji;
- muz;
- kaset;
- barewa
Hakanan, damisa a wasu lokuta suna iya cin abincin tsuntsaye. Mafi yawanci waɗannan fure ne da juzu'i, ƙananan zomo da sauran dabbobi. Kuma, tabbas, kowane kyanwa yana son kifi. Tigers ba sa jin tsoron ruwa kuma suna farin cikin kama ganima daga gare ta. Fararen damisa suna daukar lokaci mai yawa suna farauta.
A lokacin bazara, damisa na iya zama cikin kwanton bauna na lokaci mai tsawo, yana bin abin da yake ganinta. Damisa dabba ce mai kyau kuma mafi wayo, tana zuwa farautar ta da ƙananan matakai masu kyau. Farauta tana shiga daga gefen leeward, ta yadda wanda aka azabtar bai iya jin warinsa ba. Bayan da ya sami karfin gwiwa cewa abin farautar ba zai iya tserewa ba a cikin 'yan tsalle-tsalle, sai mai farautar ya kwace abincin.
Tiger ga ƙananan dabbobi shine ainihin na'urar mutuwa. Kusan ba shi yiwuwa a kubuta daga gare shi. Tigers suna da sauri da sauri. Yayin gudu, gudun su yakai 60 km / h. Bayan ya riski wanda aka azabtar, damisa ta jefar da shi ƙasa ta karya wuya da kashin baya. Damisa sai ta ɗauki mushen dabba a cikin haƙoranta zuwa kogonta, inda take kekketa shi da haƙoranta.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Farin Tiger
Tigers na manya dabbobi ne masu tsananin tashin hankali suna kula da yankunansu kuma basa barin baƙin cikin kayansu. Tigers suna yin alama ga dukiyar su ta hanyar barin alamun fitsari ko'ina a bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi, kan duwatsu. Damisa na maza suna rayuwa su kadai. Bayan sun hango wani bako a yankinsa, sai namijin yayi masa mummunan rauni, kuma zaiyi kokarin korar baƙon daga yankin. Baya ga sauran damisa, damisa ba ta da sauran masu gasa tsakanin masu farautar.
Matasan damisa suna rayuwa su kadai har zuwa lokacin kiwo. Tigers suna auren mata da yawa. Kuma tare da mace guda akwai namiji daya. Tigers dabbobin gida ne. Suna damuwa da zuriyarsu, suna ƙirƙirar kogo, suna kula da zuriyarsu. Suna farauta da kare mata da 'yan mata.
Tigers ma masu zafin rai ne ga mutane. Saduwa da mutum tare da damisa a cikin namun daji na nufin tabbas mutuwa. A cikin wuraren ajiyar yanayi da gidan namun daji, dabbobi ba sa saurin fada kuma suna ba mutane damar kula da kansu. Horon Tiger yana da matukar wahala da haɗari. Damisa dabbar daji ce kuma gidan wannan nau'in kusan ba shi yiwuwa. Koyaya, a Amurka, har yanzu akwai lamura na damisa da ke zaune a gidaje, amma waɗannan galibi 'ya'yan dabbobin dawa ne, waɗanda iyayensu suka riga sun saba da mutane.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Farin Tiger Kubu
Tigers suna rayuwa kadai kuma suna haɗuwa cikin dangi don lokacin kiwo. Ya ƙunshi mace mace da ɗa. Mafi yawanci, namiji yana bin mace, yana nunawa da takamaiman haushi cewa a shirye yake don saduwa. Amma gaskiyar cewa mata da kansu suna zuwa ga maza ba sabon abu bane. Idan mazan da yawa suka nemi mace daya, fada yakan shiga tsakaninsu. Yakin na iya ƙarewa da mutuwar ɗayan dabbobi. Mafi karfi ya sami mace.
Tigers suna yin aure sau da yawa a shekara. Wannan yakan faru ne a watan Disamba ko Janairu. Kodayake yawanci baya dogara da kakar. Namiji ya fahimci cewa mace a shirye take don saduwa da ƙanshin fitsarin mace. Dabino yana faruwa sau da yawa. Wata budurwa fararen damisa ta haihu da farkon shararta tana da shekaru kimanin 4 da haihuwa. Mafi sau da yawa, ana haihuwar brood na biyu bayan fewan shekaru. Cutar damisa ta mata tana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 103.
Na dogon lokaci, damisa tana shirya mata kogon don haihuwar 'ya'yan. Tabbatar da cewa yana da cikakken aminci. Lallai, bayan lokaci, damisa za ta tafi farauta tana barin 'ya'yan a cikin kogon. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi guda ɗaya, an haifi ɗiya 3 ko 4. Thea appearan sun zama makafi, kuma a farkon watanni shida ana ciyar dasu da madarar uwa. Bayan lokaci, suma sun fara farauta tare da mahaifiyarsu.
Ba a daɗe da haihuwar farin damisa, duk iyayen da ke da lemu masu farin jini tare da kakannin kakanni suna da damar 25% na samun farin zuriya. Zuriya inda mahaifa ɗaya fari, ɗayan kuwa rawaya ne, yana iya zama fari, ko wataƙila rawaya. Yiwuwar haihuwar farin damisa 50%.
Abokan gaba na farin tigers
Hotuna: Farin Tiger Jar Ja
Tunda Farin Tiger babban dabba ne mai haɗari, ba shi da makiya kaɗan.
Abokan gaba na farin damisa sun hada da:
- Giwaye. Giwa na iya taka damisa, kodayake giwaye ba sa jin zafin rai ga waɗannan dabbobin kuma suna iya zama tare cikin lumana a nan kusa. Giwa na kai wa damisa hari ne kawai lokacin da ta ji tsoro, ta ji haɗari, ko kuma ta sami umarni daga mutum. A Indiya, mutane sun kasance suna farautar damisa a kan giwayen. Kashe damisa da makamai. Wannan shine mafi kyawun nau'in farauta ga mutane.
- Brown bears. Beyar mai launin ruwan kasa da ƙyar zata iya jimre wa babban damisa, kuma akasin haka, ana samun beyar da damisa ta kashe. Amma haɓakar saurayi mai rauni ko beyar mace mai rauni tana iya kashewa.
- Mutum. Babban haɗari ga damisa ya fito ne daga mutane. Lalatar da mahalli na dabbobi na ɗan adam. Ta hanyar gina birane ta hanyar share dazuzzuka da gandun daji.Raguwar yawan mutane ya fi yawa ne saboda farautar damisa. Amfani da Tiger fangs, gabobi da kayan kyallen takarda ana amfani da su a maganin China. Hakanan kuma fatun dabbobi masu daraja ado ne a cikin gidaje masu wadata, kamar cushewar dabbobi. Na dogon lokaci a Indiya, farautar damisa a cikin ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20 ya kasance babba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Dabbar farin dabba
Yawan damisa na raguwa cikin sauri kowace shekara. Akwai mutane 6,470 ne kawai a duniya. Amur damisa mutane ne kawai 400. Fararen damisa suna da wuya kuma suna kan hanyar halaka. Lalacewar wuraren zama na halitta, gina birane da hanyoyi suna haifar da gaskiyar cewa yawan fararen damisa na raguwa. Kari kan haka, farauta da farauta sun haifar da illa mara iyaka ga damisa a duniya.
Nau'ikan fararen damisa an jera su a cikin Littafin Ja, kamawa da farauta damisa. Matsayin jinsin a cikin Littafin Baƙataccen Bayanai shine "nau'in haɗari". Ana kiyaye fararen damisa a cikin duk ƙasashe kuma an hana farautar su.
Kare fararen damisa
Hotuna: Farin damisa daga littafin Ja
Don kiyaye jinsunan White Tigers da ke cikin haɗari, an ɗauki matakai masu zuwa:
- An gabatar da cikakkiyar doka game da farautar damisa na kowane nau'in. An kare farin tigers musamman a duniya. A Indiya, farin damisa wata taska ce ta ƙasa. Farauta don damisa a cikin duniyar zamani ta masu farauta ne kawai ke gudanar da ita kuma ana gurfanar da ita. Kashe Tigers hukuncin doka ne da hukuncin tara da dauri.
- Shirya ajiyar kuɗi. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, fararen damisa galibi suna rayuwa ne a cikin ajiyar ruwa. Masana ilimin dabbobi sun taimaka wajan kiyaye wannan nau'in ta hanyar ratsa fararen damisa tare da damisa mai launi irin ta yau. A cikin tanadi, dabbobi suna rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali kuma suna iya haifuwa. Kusan dukkan wakilan wannan nau'in, waɗanda ba a ajiye su cikin tanadi ba, suna da kakana ɗaya. Wannan farin damisa mai suna Mohan. Bayan lokaci, an kai 'ya'yan zuwa wurare daban-daban a duniya, inda su kuma suka haifi offspringa whitea farare.
- Tsarin rediyo da tsarin bin dabbobi. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar bin dabbobin don kiyaye lafiyar dabba da kuma fahimtar halayyar dabba da kuma nazarin halayyar damisa a cikin yanayin ta na asali. An saka abin wuya tare da tracker na musamman wanda ke watsa siginar GPS akan dabbar. Don haka, mutum na iya bin diddigin wurin dabba. Yana taimaka wajan bin diddigin lafiyar dabba da kuma kiyaye cututtuka masu tsanani tsakanin dabbobi. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da wannan tsarin a cikin manyan ajiya.
Farin damisa ainihin abin al'ajabi ne na yanayi. Mai hadari, amma kamar yadda lokaci ya nuna, dabba mai matukar rauni. Farin damisa ba tare da tallafi na mutum ba, zai iya ɓacewa daga fuskar duniya cikin shekaru da yawa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yake da mahimmanci a kare yanayi da tallafawa yawan damisa. Bari mu ajiye wannan dabba a doron duniya don sabon ƙarni.
Ranar bugawa: 23.01.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 17.09.2019 a 12:18
