Babu wanda zai iya jayayya da haka kunnen kunnen yana daya daga cikin halittun duniya masu ban mamaki. Manya da ƙarfi dabbobi na cikin sifofin ƙugiyoyi. Suna jagorantar salon rayuwa. A lokaci guda, suna shirya rookery kuma suna keɓaɓɓe a ƙasa kawai.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Kunnen hatimi
Alamar Steller, ko kuma kunnuwa masu kunnuwa, masu cin nama ne, dabbobi masu shayarwa na dangin walrus (OTARIIDAE), ƙananan ƙananan Pinnipeds. Hatimin dabbobi tsoho ne. Iyalan hatimi sun tashi yayin Mananan Miocene. Yawan ya samo asali ne daga gabar tekun Pacific na Arewacin Afirka. A wancan zamanin, dabbobi sun fi 'yan zamaninsu girma da ɗan girma. Koyaya, dabbobi sun canza yayin juyin halitta.
Iyalan hatimin kunnuwa sun sami sunanta a 1825 saboda shahararren masanin kimiyyar dabbobi na Burtaniya John Edward Gray, wanda ya yi nazarin wannan nau'in. Babban dangin kunnuwa masu kunnuwa sun hada da yawancin halittu 7 da nau'ikan 14.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya hatimin kunnuwa yake kama
Alamar kunnuwa ta sha bamban da sauran abubuwan da suka fika a jiki ta fuskar auricles. Hannun kunnuwa suna da jikin da yake da kyan gani. Maimakon ƙafafu, hatimai suna da gaɓoɓɓu-biyar na yatsu da ƙege, kuma akwai fika a yatsun ƙafafun. Yatsun suna sanye take da siririn membrane na ninkaya wanda zai ba ka damar yin iyo cikin sauri cikin ruwa. Hannun ruwa yana da saurin tunkude shi daga ruwa kuma yana rufe nesa mai sauri da sauri.
Hatimin hatimi yana da tsarin haƙori mai haɓaka. A kasan muƙamuƙin akwai zobba 5, incis 2 da canine. A saman muƙamuƙin dabbar akwai zobba 5, incis 3 da canine 1. Akwai jimillar hakora 34 masu kaifi a cikin muƙamashin hatimin. Ana haihuwar hatimai tare da haƙoran madara, bayan fewan watanni ana maye gurbinsu da haƙori na asali, godiya ga abin da hatimin za su iya cin kifi, cizon ciki da nika ƙasusuwa da baƙuwar kwasfa. Babban bakin hatimi gajere ne, kwanyar hatimiya ta yi kama da ta bear. Yana da siffar da aka zagaye, ɗan madaidaiciyar ɗan madaidaiciya, dogon wuya. Hannun kunnuwa suna da kunnuwa biyu a kawunansu. Wannan shine abin da ke bambanta wannan nau'in daga hatimin yau da kullun.
Bidiyo: Kunnen kunne
Ulu A haihuwa, hatimai suna da farin gashi mai laushi, wanda daga baya ya canza zuwa launin toka-toka. A cikin gashin hatimai, akwai ƙarancin ƙasa mai zurfin ƙasa. Wanne yana ba da damar hatimai kada su daskare koda a yanayin ƙarancin yanayi mara kyau. Gashi kanta a cikin baligi yana da tsauri da da yawa. Launi na gashi yana da launin ruwan kasa. Babu alamun launi ko ratsi a jikin rigar. Jikin hatimin kunnuwa mai tsawo ne, tsoka ce kuma siririya tare da dogon wuya da ƙaramar wutsiya. Kodayake a kan ƙasa hatimai suna da matukar damuwa kuma hatimin hatimin yana kama da jaka, suna iyo da kyau da kyau cikin ruwa. Gudun hatimin yayin yin iyo ya kai kilomita 17 cikin awa ɗaya.
Tafiyar hatimin abun ban dariya ne, dabba ce, tana tafiya a kan ƙasa, tana ɗaga jikin ta sama kamar dai tana tafe a hankali akan flippers. A cikin ruwa, hatimce rake tare da fallonsu suna matsar da ƙarshen jiki kamar rodi. Hatimin manyan dabbobi ne. Balagaggen namiji mai jan kunne yana da tsayin mita daya da rabi zuwa 3 kuma nauyin babban mutum na iya kaiwa tan 1, ya danganta da nau'in. Mata yawanci sun ninka na maza sau da yawa. Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar kunnuwa daga shekaru 24 zuwa 30, ya danganta da yanayin halittar wani mutum da mazaunin sa.
A ina ne kunnen mai kunnuwan yake zaune?
Photo: Kunnen kunne, shi zaki ne na teku
Wurin hatimin kunnuwa yana da fadi sosai. Waɗannan su ne gefen Tekun Arctic, Tekun Indiya. Har ila yau, an ga alamar 'yan kasuwa a cikin yankin bakin teku na Kudancin Amurka. Alamu suna rayuwa da yawa a gabar Tekun Atlantika. Har ila yau, hatimi masu juzu'i suna kan Saint Helena, Tsibirin Easter a Costa Rica da Hawaii. Akwai like guda ɗaya da ke ziyartar arewacin ƙasar New Zealand. Yanayin yanayi yana kawo cikas ga daidaiton jama'ar hatimi. Kankara kankara ba mai iya shawo kan hatimin kunnuwa.
Hakanan akwai sararin ciyarwa da ba za'a iya yarda dashi ba don hatimai. A cikin zamani na zamani, yawan kifi ya ragu sosai a cikin tekuna. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tekuna da tekuna a duk duniya suna ƙazantar da sauri kuma kifin ya mutu kawai. Kari akan haka, akwai kamun kifi da mutane suka yi kuma galibi hatimai ba su da abincin da zai rage su ciyar da kansu. Saboda haka, hatimai suna zama a inda zasu sami abinci. Hatimin dabbar ruwa ne, hatimin yana farauta a cikin ruwa. Bayan farauta, hatim masu kunnuwa suna zuwa bakin teku suna shirya rookeries.
Menene hatimin kunnuwa ke ci?
Photo: Kunnen hatimi
Abincin abincin edita mai fadi ya isa. Wannan nau'ikan kifi ne na kananan dabbobi, squid da crustaceans, mollusks, plankton daban-daban. Wasu nau'ikan hatimai na fur zasu iya cin abinci a kan tsuntsaye.Akwai sanannun lokuta na kai hari kan penguins na jariri, amma ba kasafai ake samun su ba. Hatunan Atlantika ɗayan wakilai ne masu saurin saurin wannan nau'in, sun fi son krill kawai don abinci. Wani lokaci, maimakon yunwa, wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan keɓaɓɓun hatimai suna kai hari kan penguins, kodayake wannan yana da wuya sosai. Sananne ne cewa ƙananan duwatsu suna haɗuwa a cikin cikin matattun hatimai, kuma ta yaya kuma me yasa hatimin ke haɗiye duwatsu ba a sani ba.
Don farauta, hatimai kan yi iyo a cikin ruwa su kama kifi. Kama kifi da hatimi ba shi da wahala. Tare da taimakon gashin bakinsu, hatimai suna iya gano ƙasan kifin. Hatimin da kyau yana jin numfashin kifin, wanda yake ɓoye a cikin kogin teku yana yawo cikin rairayi. Abun birgewa ne, amma don neman yawo da aka binne cikin yashi a ƙasan, hatimi yana ɗaukar secondsan daƙiƙa kaɗan. Irin wannan babbar dabba tana buƙatar abinci mai yawa, don haka hatimin yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsa don neman abinci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Babban kunnuwa kunnuwa
Hatimin na haifar da rayuwa mai natsuwa. Mafi yawan lokutan da suke ciyarwa a cikin ruwa a wurin, masu kunnuwa suna sa farauta wasu lokuta ma har bacci suke. Hannun hatimi suna barci a cikin ruwa tare da yatsunsu suna yaɗuwa; hatimin ya kasance a saman ruwan saboda kitsensa mai subcutane. Wasu lokuta hatimin na iya yin bacci a zurfin mita da yawa lokaci-lokaci, yana fitowa, yana ɗaukar wasu numfashi biyu da komawa baya. A wannan yanayin, dabbar ma ba ta farka. Hatsi dabbobi ne masu natsuwa da salama. Saboda girmansu, walruses kusan babu abokan gaba da gasa kuma basuda abin damuwa.
A lokacin kiwo da narkakken hatimai suna zuwa bakin teku. Ba kamar walruses ba, hatimin kunnuwa suna guje wa kankara kuma suna yin juzu'insu a bankunan. Hannun hatimi suna aiki a rana da dare. Alamun kunnuwa sune dabbobi masu auren mata da yawa. Suna kula da yayansu da kyau, suna iya aiki tare da sauran like. Kafin lokacin kiwo, maza suna raba yankin, kuma suna kiyaye shi daga shigowar baƙi cikin wannan yankin. Hannun kunnuwa kusan a koyaushe suna cikin nutsuwa, kuma suna nuna zalunci ne kawai lokacin da akwai barazanar kai musu hari ko yaransu.
Dangane da mutane, hatimin kunnuwa yana da aminci. Hatimin ba ya afkawa mutane, har ma an san cewa hatimce sun saci bawa a cikin jirgi, yayin da ba taɓawa ko taɓa mutane ba. Koyaya, wannan babbar dabbar tana iya cutar da mutum, ko dabbar da ke kusa. Wasu nau'ikan hatimai da hatimai suna da horo kuma suna iya zama tare da mutane cikin sauƙi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Jaririn Kunnen Yaro
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, hatimin kunnuwa sune dabbobi masu auren mata da yawa. Yawancin lokaci suna zaune ne a cikin garken garken tumaki, suna shirya rookeries a gaɓar tekun yayin lokacin saduwa da lokacin moult. A lokacin kiwo, maza sukan sauka a gaban mata, su raba yankin kuma su kiyaye shi. Bayan haka, mata sukan zo bakin teku. A kan yankin, maza suna fasa ɓarke, wanda zai iya zama daga mata 3 zuwa 40. Hannun kunnuwa suna kai wa ga balagar jima'in shekara 3 zuwa 7, gwargwadon halittar mutum.
Ana haihuwar hatimin jariri a bakin teku. Yin jima'i yana faruwa ne kai tsaye bayan haihuwar jariran. Hatimin hatimi yana da tsawon lokacin haihuwa, wanda yake kusan shekara guda. Yayin haihuwa, mace takan haihu daya, wani lokacin ‘ya’ya biyu. An haifi sean ƙananan rufi rufe daga kai zuwa yatsun ƙafafu fari tsarkakakke, wani lokacin tare da ɗan raunin rawaya da fari mai laushi.
Uwa tana shayar da matasa da madara. Nono ya kai tsawon watanni uku, bayan haka uwar tana koya wa jariran kamun kifi. A lokacin haihuwa, hatimin jarirai suna da saitin hakora guda daya, amma da shigewar lokaci hakoran da ke daskararwa suna fadowa kuma wasu munanan zafin suna bayyana a wurin su. Wanne za ku iya cin kifi da kadoji. Mace kaɗai ke tsunduma cikin kiwon zuriya. Mahaifin da sauran membobin ƙungiyar ba sa shiga cikin renon yara. Koyaya, Maza, yayin ciyar da thean mata da ,a thean mata, suna kiyaye yankin kuma basa barin wasu mazan su shiga yankinsu.
Abokan gaba na alamun kunnuwa
Hoto: Kunnen kunne, ko zakin teku
Tunda hatimin kunnuwa manyan dabbobi ne, suna da ƙananan abokan gaba, amma har yanzu suna nan.
Abokan gaba na hatimin kunnuwa sun haɗa da:
- Kisa whale da kifi. Kifin Whale yana da haɗari kawai don ƙananan hatimi, hatimin fur. Kuma don hatimin jariri. Manya na kifayen kifi da kifayen kifayen yawanci ba sa jin tsoro.
- Polar bear. Polar Bears kuma yana yin barazana ne kawai ga ƙananan mutanen wannan dangin kuma da wuya sukan kai hari akan hatimai. Akwai sanannun lokuta na zaman lumana na belar da hatimai. Tunda polar bear ma tana cin kifi, tana iya fitar da hatimin daga wuraren farautar su.
- Mutum. 'Yan adam suna da haɗari musamman ga hatimin kunnuwa. Godiya ce ga mutum cewa dangin editan da ke kunnuwansu suna gab da halaka. Farauta don hatimai, gurɓatar jikin ruwa yana haifar da halakar waɗannan ƙattai masu ban mamaki.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Yaya like ɗin kunne ya yi kama
An lika hatimin kunnuwa a cikin Littafin Ja kuma suna da matsayin "Dabbobi tare da raguwar yalwa a yawancin mahalli". Ana ba dabbobi kariya ta musamman kuma an hana farautar su. Hatimin hatimi na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halittun cikin ruwa. Kasancewar jinsin yana da mahimmanci ga kiyaye bambancin halittu.
An kiyaye wannan jinsin a cikin Koryaksky, Komandorsky, Kronetsnorsky reserves. Lalacewar dabbobi ana tuhuma ta doka a cikin Tarayyar Rasha da ƙasashe da yawa. An bayar da babban tarar don kamawa da ganimar hatimin kunnuwa.
Kariyar hatimin kunnuwa
Hoto: Kunnen kunne daga littafin Red Book
Matakan kariya daga wannan nau'in sun hada da:
- Kirkirar wuraren ajiya Kariyar hatimi yana da mahimmanci a yanzu. Yana da mahimmanci ga mutane su kiyaye nau'in, don haka a kowace shekara ana kara samar da wuraren adana abubuwa. Yankunan da aka kiyaye daga mummunan tasiri. An haramta farautar hatimi ba kawai a cikin yankunan kariya ba, amma a ko'ina cikin duniya. Bayan duk wannan, akwai sauran hatimai masu kunnen kunnuwan dubu;
- Kariya ga tsaran tafkunan ruwa. Haramta fitowar najasar cikin teku da tekuna. Shigar da wuraren kulawa a masana'antun da ke kusa da jikin ruwa;
- Haramtawa farauta, akan dabbobi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan wannan nau'in yana raguwa sosai. Hatunan ba su da isasshen abinci, ruwan ya ƙazantu, kuma kamun kifi na mutane yana da yawa. Wadannan dabbobi suna bukatar kiyayewa daga mutane ba wai kawai daga jinsin ba, har ma da wuraren dabbobi. Akwai manyan tara don kama hatimi da cutar dabbobi.
Kunnen kunne Shin ainihin mu'ujiza ne na yanayi. Kattai, manyan dodanni waɗanda ba su da yawa. Ya kamata 'yan Adam suyi taka tsan-tsan da yiwuwar wannan nau'in saboda akwai sauran' yan kunnuwa masu kunnuwa da suka rage. Dole ne dukkanmu mu kula da wuraren zama na dabbobi. Kada ku ƙazantar da tekuna da ruwa don kiyaye yanayi don ƙaruwar ƙarnuka.
Ranar bugawa: 23.01.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 14.10.2019 a 22:46
