Gudgeon gama gari shine wakilin dangi. Gudgeon cikin nasara ya rayu a cikin kowane irin mazaunin ruwa mai ɗumi tare da gindi mai yashi kuma ana ba shi kyauta don kyakkyawan ɗanɗano. Yana da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in abinci kuma yana ciyar da ƙananan invertebrates. Tsawon rayuwar kifin baya wuce shekaru takwas zuwa goma.
Haraji
| Yanki: | Kayan aiki |
| Masarauta: | Dabbobi |
| Wani nau'in: | Chordates |
| Class: | Ray-finned kifi |
| Kashe: | Carps |
| Iyali: | Irin kifi |
| Genus: | Minnows |
| Duba: | Gudgeon |
Bayanin gudgeon
Iyalin kifi, wanda gudgeon yake, suna da dubunnan nau'ikan, ko ɗaruruwan zuriya. Kuma mafi ban sha'awa shine cewa ɗakunan santimita goma da carps masu tsayin mita uku sun dace a ciki.
Duk da irin wannan karamin girman, kifin mai farauta ne kuma yana da matukar bukata a tsakanin masunta. Anfi amfani dashi mafi sauƙin dafa abinci ko azaman abinci ko koto don ƙarin kifin mai farauta.
Bayyanar
Bayyanar gudgeon abu ne mai ban sha'awa da jan hankali, kodayake launuka masu launuka kaɗan ne. Tana da dogon, siriri, fusiform, jiki mai zagaye wanda ya kai tsayi zuwa santimita 12-15. Gudgeon mai tsawon santimita ashirin mai rikodi ne tsakanin danginsa kuma yana da matukar wuya, ko kuma musamman, banda. Matsakaicin matsakaiciyar mutum ya kai gram 80 kawai.
A jikin gudgeon gama gari, akwai gajerun dorsal da firam na tsaka-tsakin da ba su da hasken rana. Dukan saman an rufe shi da manyan sikeli.
Akwai isharar labial da ake furtawa a kowane kusurwa na bakin. Bakin mai gadin yana da layuka biyu na hakora masu zafin nama, masu lankwasa a ƙarshen. Kansa yana da fadi kuma yayi shimfide, tare da wani bakin fuska mara dadi, ƙananan muƙamuƙi sun fi guntu fiye da na sama kuma yana da fasalin da aka toka. Akwai manyan idanu biyu, rawaya-rawaya a sashin gaban kai.
Jikin babban gudgeon yana da launuka masu launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, gefen azurfa. A gefen rafin kifin mai rawaya, akwai layuka masu duhu, galibi suna yin ratsi. A gefe ɗaya, suna daga shida zuwa goma sha biyu, ya danganta da girma da shekarun dabbar. Ciki da dukkan ɓangaren ƙananan an lulluɓe da fari ko azurfa, kuma ƙusoshin pectoral, pelvic da finafinai na farar fata ne masu fari-fari tare da launin ruwan kasa. Farson dorsal da caudal fins suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launuka masu duhu. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, da shekaru kifayen suna canza launi, suna motsawa daga inuwa mai haske zuwa mai duhu. Wataƙila, irin wannan sake kamanni ne da ke taimaka wa dabbobi dabbobi su rayu cikin yanayin ƙarin kulawa daga manyan kifaye masu farauta.
Girman kifi
Mafi sau da yawa, tsawon balagagge, babban gama gari na kowa ya kai santimita 12, ƙasa da haka sau da yawa - 15. Babban sunan gudgeon na iya komawa zuwa wasu nau'in kifayen. Inesunƙun baya suna daga santimita 2 zuwa 3.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Gudun jirgin yana motsawa ta cikin ruwa mara ƙarancin rayuwa, yana yin iyo galibi a kan yashi da kuma ƙasa. An rarraba shi a cikin ƙananan kogunan tsaunuka, manyan rafuka masu faɗi da manyan tabkuna. Wannan kifin yana zaune cikin koguna masu sauri tare da yashi ko tsakuwa. Gudgeon yana zaune kusan kowane lokaci a cikin yankin da aka haife shi. Duk da irin wannan soyayyar ta ruwa mai ƙarancin ruwa, a lokacin kaka yana shiga zurfin, wurare masu laka don hunturu. Gudgeon alama ce ta tsabtace tafki, tunda gurɓatattun ruwa suna tunkuɗe shi gabaɗaya. Dangane da yanayin kogunan ruwa da tafkuna da ke kankara, kanana kan hada kan dabbobin kusa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Kifin kuma yana son ism mata masu daskarewa mara kyau a wannan lokacin, inda kusan ruwan yake cike da iskar oxygen.
Kifin yana cin abincin kananan dabbobi, kodayake abincin kayan lambu yana daga cikin abincinsa, amma, kamar mai farauta na gaske, farautar mai rai ta fi tsada ga gudgeon. Tushen menu ya kunshi tsutsotsi, kwari na cikin ruwa, larvae, ƙaramar mollusks, caviar na kifin waje da soyayyenta. Predaramin mai farauta yana aiki ko'ina cikin yini, yana yawo a cikin neman ganima. Da dare, yana yin natsuwa, yana ƙoƙari ya sami gindi tare da fikafikan sa a ƙasan yashi don kar ruwan na yanzu ya dauke shi. Amma akwai keɓaɓɓu a cikin tsarin mulki, musamman lokacin da manyan masu farauta ke aiki a cikin tafki yayin rana. A wannan yanayin al'amuran, ƙananan farauta suna jiran wani lokaci, ɗan haske mara haske na rana.
An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa kananan kananun suna da ikon yin kara, wanda ke amfani dasu a matsayin hanyar sadarwa tsakanin mutane. Sauti ya banbanta gwargwadon yanayin aikin dabba da yawan zafin ruwan, amma babu yadda za'ayi ya dogara da lokacin kiwo.
Gida na kifi a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, a yankunan da ke sama da duwatsu, yashi da kayan shuka tare da bakin teku. Ana sakin qwai sama da matattarar, wanda hakan ya biyo baya da na yanzu, nutsuwa da mannewa zuwa kasan yashi. Ana samun ƙwai da toya a ƙasa kuma sun fi son detritus, ƙauyuka masu yashi masu wadataccen abinci tare da matsakaici ko raƙuman ruwa.
Minananan ragowa suna rayuwa cikin garken tumaki, waɗanda suke mutane ne masu shekaru daban-daban da jinsi. Irin wannan ƙungiyar tana ba mutum damar rayuwa ta yadda ya kamata a cikin wata unguwa mai cin karenta ba babbaka, tunda koyaushe akwai haɗarin cin babban kifi.
Har yaushe nawa yake rayuwa?
Tsawan rayuwar gudgeon gama gari bai wuce shekaru takwas zuwa goma ba. Amma galibi galibin rayuwar kifi yana katsewa yana da shekaru 3-5, idan har cewa soya mara ƙarfi ta sami damar tsallaka layin 1 shekara. A lokaci guda, ana iya adana kifin da aka kama daga tafki na asali a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye, ana rayuwa a ciki daga shekaru 2 zuwa 3.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Babban kwamiti yana rayuwa ne a cikin tsarin ruwa wanda yake malala zuwa gabashin Tekun Atlantika, Tekun Arewa, da kuma Tekun Baltic. Wadannan magudanan ruwan sun hada da Loire da karin magudanan ruwa na Burtaniya, da Burtaniya da Rhone, da Danube na sama da Dniester na tsakiya da na sama, da kuma magudanan ruwa na Bugai Dnieper a cikin tekun Bahar Maliya. Har yanzu ba a fayyace dalilin da ya sa aka rarraba kifaye masu yawa haka ba, amma galibi ana samunsa ne a cikin tabkuna, koguna da rafuka masu girma iri daban-daban, wadanda suke da yashi ko kasa da ruwa mai tsabta.
Tekun Atlantika, Tekun Arewa da Tekun Baltic, daga magudanar ruwa ta Loire zuwa Gabas, Gabashin Burtaniya, Rhone da Volga magudanan ruwa, Danube na sama da na Dniesters na tsakiya da na sama da na Dnieper, zuwa mataki daya ko wata, a zahiri suna cike da wannan ɗan dabbar. An gabatar da shi zuwa Gabas da Arewacin Italiya, Ireland, Wales da Scotland. Iyakokin gabas da kudu na kewayon basu da tabbas. Jama'a daga Yankin Iberian da kuma Adour Basin a kudancin Faransa na garin Lozanoi ne. Jama'ar kwarin Caspian na iya ma wakiltar wani jinsin daban.
Abinci na babban gudgeon
Ainihin, ƙananan ma'adinai na yau da kullun suna ciyar da duk abin da za'a samu daga ƙasan tafkin. Abinci na iya zama na asalin shuka da na dabbobi. Amma tunda kifin mai farauta ne, ƙananan abubuwa na duniyar dabbobi suna taka rawar gani a cikin menu. Tsarin ya hada da tsutsayen sauro, benthic invertebrates, kananan tsutsotsi, daphnia, cyclops da kwari. A lokacin tsinkayen - a lokacin bazara, mai farauta na iya cin abinci akan caviar sauran nau'ikan kifin. Karamin duwatsu yana neman abinci tsakanin duwatsu da yashi, ta amfani da eriya da ke aiki kamar vibrissae don bincika.
A wuraren da wadataccen halin yanzu, wannan wayayyen kifin har ma yayi kwanton bauna. Oyewa cikin ƙaramin ɓacin rai, ɗan ƙaramin abu zai iya jiran ƙaramar crustacean ko soyayyar ninkaya, ya kama shi ya ci.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Da shekaru 3-4 na rayuwa, kifin gudgeon ya balaga da jima'i. Tattara a cikin garken, mutane suna zuwa ruwa mara ƙanƙani don yin kwai. Ana aikawa da ƙaramin abu don sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Sakin ƙwai da ke sama da kifin, wanda ke shawagi tare da rafin ruwa, ya nitse zuwa ƙasan kuma ya manne da matattarar ta hanyar kwasfa mai tsini. A wani lokaci, mace na samarwa daga kwai dubu 10 zuwa 12. Hasken walƙiyar kanta yana da launi mai laushi, yana da harsashi mai ɗanko. A sakamakon haka, yawancin yashi suna haɗe da shi, a lokaci guda suna yin aikin kariya da ɓoyewa don 'ya'yan da za su haifa nan gaba. Soya, ƙyanƙyashewa daga ƙwai, zai ci gaba da zama a ƙasan na ɗan wani lokaci, yana fifita ƙauyuka masu yashi da ƙananan halin yanzu masu wadataccen abinci. Yaran da aka kyankyashe suna cin abincin da ke ƙasan.
Ana sanya ƙwai daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta, lokacin da yawan zafin ruwan ya haura 7-13 ° C, amma bayanai suna da yawa sosai. A tsakiyar latitude na Tarayyar Rasha, gudgeon ya fara ɓullowa a watan Mayu. Lokacin jinkiri yana da tsayi kuma ya kasance daga kwanaki 45 zuwa 60. Lokacin kiwo a cikin ruwa mara zurfi yana tare da hayaniya; a zurfin, kusan kifi baya fitowa daga karkashin ruwan, kuma bisa ga haka, babu fashewa.
Makiya na halitta
Abin baƙin cikin shine, a cikin daji, an shirya shi yadda yakamata babban mai farauta ya ci mai rauni da ƙarami. Gudgeon ganima ce ta yawancin masu cin abincin kifi kamar su Eurasia otter, carp, pike ko masarauta. Duk da cewa irin wannan karamin kifin ba zai iya biyan bukatun abinci mai gina jiki na babban mai farauta ba, yana taka rawar hanyar rayuwa ga masu karamin karfi, wato, harkar karatunsu. Sabili da haka, farautar su ya zama mai fa'ida sosai, tunda idan ka ɗauki saurin da ta dace, zaka iya shiga cikin garken, ka kama mutane da yawa lokaci ɗaya. Ya bayyana cewa wasu fewan kaɗan suna kusan mamaki lokaci guda tare da wutsiyar motsi, bayan haka kuma tuni ya kasance cikin nutsuwa don ci gaba da cin abincin ba tare da hanzari ba, kawai ɗaukar waɗanda suka mutu. A Tsakiyar Turai, kan rafuka da rafuka, gudgeon ya kasance kashi 45% na abincin wannan mazaunin ruwa. A wasu yankuna, wannan adadi ya fara daga 25-35%.
Amma ba wai kawai kifi da otter ba ne suke kyamar cin abinci a kan gudgeon. Har ila yau, cututtukan daji na iya cutar da yawan mutane, suna lalata ƙananan dabbobi waɗanda ba su gani sosai, na ɗan lokaci bayan haihuwa, suna yawo a ƙasa.
Barazanar na iya yin ɓuya a sararin sama, har ma da gaɓar teku. Manya manya manya abincin abinci ne na tsuntsaye masu cin nama da ƙananan yan cin ƙasar. Hakanan, duk da irin wannan ƙaramar darajar kasuwancin, masunta suna kama gudgeon a ƙugiya. A kan sandar kamun kifi na yau da kullun tare da koto a cikin hanyar tsutsa, zaka iya kama mutane ɗari a cikin zama 1. Don samun gudgeon, kawai kuna buƙatar saukar da ƙugiya zuwa ƙasan ƙasa, kuma nan take zai amsa ga abincin da ya bayyana a sararin sama.
Darajar kasuwanci
Gudgeon ba shi da mahimmancin darajar kasuwanci. Duk da dandano mai dadi da kuma sauƙin kamawa, ba safai ake amfani dashi don girkin ɗan adam ba. Namansa bai dace da sayarwa ba, tunda kifin karami ne kuma naman kansa na da ƙashi. Kuna iya dafa abinci daga ciki, amma ba za ku iya guje wa hayaniya ba. Wannan kifin bai dace da kiwo na wucin gadi ba saboda dalilai daya. Sau da yawa gudgeon yakan zama abun farautar wasanni ko kuma ana kama shi don amfani dashi azaman koto don ƙarin ƙima, manyan kifayen masu farauta, misali, pike, irin kifi, irin kifi ko ma kifin kifi. Hakanan, waɗannan kifaye masu ban mamaki ana iya kiyaye su cikin bauta. Suna son ruwan da aka saba da yawan abinci. Minnows a cikin akwatin kifaye suna nuna rashin da'a, da saurin daidaitawa, koda kuwa an kama su daga daji a cikin ƙarancin shekaru.
Duk da karancin shaharar kifi don abinci mai gina jiki, har yanzu yana da daraja a faɗi fa'idodi masu fa'ida. Gudgeon yana da wadataccen ma'adanai da abubuwan gina jiki. Ya ƙunshi bitamin A da D, alli, selenium, phosphorus da fluoride. Hakanan, karamin nama yana dauke da wadataccen iodine da omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid.
Lokacin da aka soya, kifin yana samun ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, kuma tare da amfani dashi na yau da kullun yana iya yin tasiri mai amfani ga lafiyar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, yanayin gani, fata, ƙashi da haƙori. Aidin da ke cikin kifin yana da sakamako mai amfani akan yanayin glandar thyroid. Nama ba shi da amfani kawai, yayin da yake da ƙarancin abun mai, wanda ya sa ya zama kyakkyawar tushen abubuwa masu mahimmanci yayin bin abinci don rage nauyi ko lokacin murmurewa bayan rashin lafiya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Kifin gudgeon yana da matukar damuwa ga gurɓataccen ruwa. Koyaya, yana da fadi da yawa kuma yana da yawa a cikin yankuna da yawa. Baya fuskantar takamaiman barazanar da aka gano, wanda shine dalilin da yasa IUCN ta sanya shi a matsayin nau'in "astananan Damuwa".
