Mutane sun san dolphins tun zamanin da, lokacin da matuƙan jirgin farko suka ga yadda waɗannan dabbobin suke tare da jiragen ruwa. Ana rarrabe kifin dolphins da kyawawan halaye da son wasa, basa jin tsoron mutane kuma suna yarda suyi hulɗa dasu. Kuma hanzarinsu da kuma hankalinsu ya baiwa wasu masu binciken damar jayayya cewa ya kamata a dauki dabbar dolfin a matsayin mai jinsin halittu, wanda, watakila, sama da miliyoyin shekarun juyin halitta, ya haifar da wayewar kanta.
Bayani game da dabbar dolfin kwalba
Dabbar dolfin ta kwalba, wacce kuma ake kira babban ko dolphin ta ruwa, na daga jinsin halittar wannan sunan dolphins na kwalba, wanda, ban da shi, wasu nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa biyu kuma sun haɗa da: Dabbobin Indiya da na Australiya. Waɗannan sune shahararrun kuma mafi yaduwar dolphin a duniya.
Bayyanar
Jikin dabbar dolfin na kwalba yana da sifa mai kaifin-dami, yana mai da wannan dabbar mai shayarwa ta zama kamar kifi, amma kuma a lokaci guda yana samar da ingantacciyar hanyar ruwa ta hanyar rage tashin hankali a kan ruwa. Jikinta a gaba kamar yafi na baya baya.
A lokaci guda, tsarin jikin kifayen dolphin da ke zaune a cikin teku da waɗanda ke zaune kusa da bakin teku sun ɗan bambanta. Na farkon suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, yayin da na biyun suka fi kyau kuma, yawanci, suna da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan a cikin girma.
Kan ya daidaita, tare da bayyananniyar kumburi a gaba, ana kiransa matashin kai na gaba-hanci, wanda ya kunshi kayan adipose. Canjin yanayi zuwa madaidaicin bakin mai-tsinin baki mai kaifi ne, yana haifar da fasalin kai mai kamala da wakilan wannan nau'in. Jawananan muƙamuƙin dolphins na kwalba ya ɗan ci gaba gaba fiye da na sama. Ramin iska, da ake kira masu jujjuyawa, suna ƙaura zuwa sama kuma suna kusa da saman kai.
Finarshen ƙarshen, ɗan lankwasawa a baya, yana da sura wanda bai dace da saman wata ba. Insananan fika-fikan, faɗuwa a gindansu, suna kaɗewa zuwa ƙarshen. Suna da haɗin kai a gaba, kuma suna haɗuwa daga gefen baya. Filayen wutsiya suna da ƙarfi, ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
Abin sha'awa! Dabbar dolfin ta kwalba tana buƙatar ƙege ba kawai don motsi ba: su ma muhimman abubuwa ne na sauyawar zafi, ba tare da dabbar dolfin ba ta iya rayuwa. Akwai lokuta idan dolphins na kwalba suka mutu saboda zafin rana, ana jefa su a bakin teku. A wannan yanayin, fincinsu, da sun rasa ma'amala da ruwa, sai kawai suka daina aiki kuma ba za su iya shiga cikin sanyaya yanayin ba.
Jikin dabbar dolfin kwalba an yi masa fentin-kasa-kasa mai launin toka-toka a ciki, launin ya fi sauƙi ƙasa: daga launin toka zuwa kusan fari. A wannan yanayin, akwai zaɓi biyu don launuka na jiki. A cikin nau'ikan dolphins na farko, akwai bayyananniyar bambanci tsakanin duhun launuka na sama da farin ciki ko kuma launin toka mai toka. A cikin dabbobin dolphins masu launuka iri na biyu, iyakar tsakanin haske da duhun sassan jiki ba daidai ba ne, yana kama da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, karyayye ko layin layin launin toka.
Girman kwalba
Tsawon jikin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ya kai mita 2.3-3, wani lokacin ma akwai wasu manyan mutane, wadanda girman su ya kai mita 3.6. A lokaci guda, tsayin jikin maza ya fi cm 10-20. Yawan nauyin dolphins na kwalba galibi kilogram 150-300.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Dolphins na Bottlenose na zama ne, amma wani lokacin suna iya yin yawo, suna raƙu cikin ƙananan garken tumaki. Suna farke da rana, kuma da daddare suna bacci, sun tashi saman ruwan. Abin sha'awa, a cikin barcinsu, wani sashin kwakwalwa yana ci gaba da aiki, yayin da dayan yake hutawa. Wannan yana bawa dabbar damar lura da yiwuwar hatsari a lokaci kuma dauke numfashi cikin lokaci, yana fita daga ruwan.
Dabbobin ruwa na Bottlenose suna da dabbobi sosai. Suna son yin ɓarna da wasa da juna. Wadannan halittu basu da bambanci a koda yaushe, kuma yana faruwa ne cewa dolphins na kwalba sun koma wani garken saboda dalilan da su kadai suka sani.
A cikin makarantun kifayen dolphin, ana iya gano madaidaiciyar matsayi a sarari. Duk dabbobin da aka haɗa a ciki sun kasu kashi daban-daban dangane da shekarun su: manya, manya da ƙuruciya. A saman fakitin shine jagora, a ƙa'ida, mafi girma da ƙarfi namiji ya zama shi.
Dolphins an san su da abokantaka ga mutane.
A duk tarihin wayewar dan Adam, ba a sami wata harka guda daya da ta nuna dabbobin dolphin da suke kai hari kan mutane ba, amma har ma masana tarihi na zamanin da sun lura cewa dabbobin dolphin fiye da sau daya sun tserar da matukan jirgin ruwa da suka nitse daga jirgin ruwa da ya lalace.
Ya faru har ma suna sa rayukansu cikin kasada don kare mutane daga sharks. Don wannan, dolphins na kwalba suna neman kewaye mutane da zobe mai yawa kuma suna iyo a kusa, suna hana mai farautar kusantar mai yiwuwa.
Dabbar dolfin ta igiyar ruwa tana iyo sosai kuma tana iya zuwa gudun kilomita 40 a awa guda a cikin teku, wanda kusan ya yi daidai da saurin jirgin ruwan teku. Wadannan dabbobin suna tsalle daga ruwa zuwa tsayin mita 5. A lokaci guda, dolphins suna yin dabaru da yawa, waɗanda ma'anarsu har yanzu ba ta bayyana ga masu bincike ba, kodayake wasu daga cikinsu sun yi imanin cewa wannan ɓangare ne na sadarwar sadarwa na waɗannan halittu masu ban mamaki.
Dabbobin ruwa na Bottlenose suna da kayan aiki na murya mai rikitarwa, tare da taimakon waɗannan dabbobin suna fitar da sautuka iri-iri, na talakawa da kuma a yawan igiyoyin ruwa na ultrasonic, wanda ya kasa saurarar ɗan adam. Daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwar sauti na dabbobin dolphin na igiyar ruwa, mutum na iya rarrabe haushin da suke fitarwa don neman abin farauta, mashin da suke yi yayin ciyarwa, da kuma tafa sautunan da ke ba da dolphin din kwalba don tsoratar da danginsu. Motsi a ƙarƙashin ruwa kuma yayin neman abin farauta, waɗannan kifayen dolphin suna yin sautuka masu birgima, wanda ke tuna da niƙar ƙyallen ƙofa.
Dangane da hankali, wasu dabbobin kalilan, ban da na chimpanzees, na iya kwatanta su. Don haka, alal misali, an lura da dolphins na kwalba don irin waɗannan ƙwarewar fahimta kamar ikon kwaikwayon halayyar ɗan adam, fahimtar jeri a cikin harshe da aka ƙirƙira shi da ƙira, ikon fahimtar ra'ayoyin da ba a fahimta ba, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, ikon gane kansa a cikin madubi, wanda shine shaidar kasancewar wayewar kai wanda yake tattare da wannan halittu.
Da yawa dolphins na kwalba
A matsakaita, dolphins na kwalba suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 20, amma suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 40 ko fiye.
Subsananan raƙuman ruwa
A dabi'a, akwai aƙalla ƙananan raƙuman ruwa guda uku na dolphins, waɗanda wakilansu ya ɗan bambanta da juna:
- Baƙin kifin na bakin tekuzaune a Bahar Maliya.
- Dabbar ruwan dusar ruwa ta gama gari, wanda mazaunin sa shine Tekun Bahar Rum da kuma Tekun Atlantika.
- Gabas ta gabas mai girma dolphinzaune a cikin ruwan sanyi na yankin Arewacin Pacific.
Game da dabbar dolfin hanci ta Indiya, wanda ya banbanta da wakilan dukkan kananan kungiyoyin da ke sama a hancin da ya fi tsayi da kuma yawan hakora dan kadan a saman muƙamuƙin, to masanan dabbobi ba su da masaniya a kan ko za su ɗauke shi a matsayin jinsin na daban ko kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbar dolfin.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Dabbobin dolfin Bottlenose suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin dumi da yanayi na Tekun Duniya. A cikin Tekun Atlantika, ana iya ganin sa ko'ina, daga bakin tekun South Greenland zuwa Argentina, Uruguay da Afirka ta Kudu. Har ila yau, zangonsa ya hada da Tekun Caribbean, Bahar Rum, Baƙi da Baltic. A tekun Indiya, dabbar dolfin kwalba tana zaune daga Bahar Maliya zuwa Kudancin Ostiraliya. A cikin Tekun Pacific, an riga an sami waɗannan kifayen dolphin a kusa da gabar Japan da Tsibirin Kuril, kuma mazauninsu a wannan yankin an shafe su zuwa tsibirin Tasmania, New Zealand da Argentina.
Wasu kifayen dolphin sun fi son zama a cikin teku, yayin da wasu kuma suka tsaya a kan bakin tekun, wanda bai fi zurfin mita 30 ba.
Abincin abincin ƙwallan ƙura
Dabbobin dolphins na Bottlenose sune dabbobi masu shayarwa, tushen abincin su shine yawanci kifi. Dogaro da mazauninsu, dolphins masu hanci na kwalba suna cin abinci akan kifi, wanda girmansa yawanci yakai 30 cm, tunda yafi wahalar dasu magance manyan abincin. Daga cikin kayan marmarin da suka fi so sun hada da anchovies, mackerel, mullet mai matsakaicin matsakaici, da bahar mai teku. Kari akan haka, dolphins na iya ciyar da kayan kwalliyar kwalliya da ƙananan cephalopods. A lokaci guda, dolphins na kwalba suna amfani da haƙoransu masu kaifi kada su yaga kayan abincinsu ko su tauna shi, amma kawai don kamawa, tunda waɗannan kifayen dolphin suna haɗiye kifi ko wani abincin da ya dace da su duka.
Abin sha'awa! Ya faru cewa dabbobin dolphin na kwalba suna neman yin aiki tare da mutane, yana taimaka musu don fitar da ƙifin kifi a cikin raga yayin farautar. Dabbobin dolphin da kansu, a wannan yanayin, sun wadatu da kifin da masunta basu kamo ba.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin kiwo na dolphins na kwalba yana faruwa a lokacin bazara da bazara. A lokaci guda, matan da suka kai aƙalla shekaru biyar na iya haifuwa, kuma maza suna balaga da jima’i koda daga baya - a shekara 10-13.
Ciki a cikin matan waɗannan dabbobin yana ɗaukar shekara guda kuma lokacin bazara mai zuwa an haifi cuba cuba guda, wanda tsawon jikinsa ya kai kimanin mita 1. Yana da nauyi, a kan matsakaita, 10 kilogiram. Haihuwar haihuwa yana gudana a ƙarƙashin ruwa, kuma, banda mai ciki kanta, mata da yawa suna halartarsu. Dabbar dolfin ana haihuwarta da jelarsa da farko kuma bayan fewan mintoci kaɗan ta fito, tare da mahaifiyarsa, zuwa saman ruwa don ɗaukar numfashinta na farko.
Da farko, mace tana yawan ciyar da shi da madara: kowane minti 10-30 bayan ciyarwar da ta gabata. Duk wannan lokacin, jaririn yana ƙoƙari ya kasance kusa da mahaifiyarsa, amma daga baya, lokacin da ya fara cin abinci mai ƙarfi, zai iya yin iyo nesa da ita. Dabbar dolfin tana ci gaba da ciyar da 'ya'yanta har zuwa watanni 18-23 kuma galibi narkar da finalarshe na faruwa ne kawai bayan ta haifi ɗa. Koyaya, tsohuwar dabbar dolphin ta kwashe kimanin shekaru shida tare da mahaifiyarsa da kannenta maza da mata. Yawancin lokaci, dolphins na kwalaben ruwa na haihuwa kowace shekara 2-3, amma idan dabbar dolphin ta mutu jim kaɗan bayan ta haihu, to tana iya sake yin aure bayan shekara guda.
Dabbobin dolphins na Bottlenose na iya haɗuwa tare da dabbobin dolphin na wasu nau'ikan har ma da ƙananan kifayen kifayen, kuma, a cewar lura da wasu masu binciken, wannan ba ya faruwa ne kawai a cikin fursunoni, amma har ma, duk da cewa ba safai ba, har ma a cikin mazaunin daji na waɗannan dabbobi.
Don haka, akwai sanannun lokuta game da haihuwar asalin zuriya daga dolphins na yau da kullun da ƙananan baƙan fata. Kubiyoyin da aka haifa daga gicciye tare da na ƙarshe ana kiran su kifin whale, wanda kamanninsu da girmansu talakawane idan aka kwatanta su da halayen iyayensu. Abin sha'awa, ba kamar yawancin matasan ba, irin waɗannan mestizos ba su da haihuwa: misali, an sami lokutan samun nasarar yaduwar kifayen kifayen da ke kisa.
Makiya na halitta
Babban maƙiyan kifayen dolphin a yanayin yanayi sune damisa, dusky da kuma kaifin baki sharks. Hakanan manyan kifin Whale na iya kai musu hari, amma wannan ba ya faruwa sau da yawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Ba a san adadin yawan dabbobin dolfin na kwalba ba, tunda kewayon wannan nau'in yana da yawa sosai kuma ba shi yiwuwa a kirga adadin daidai. Abin sani kawai an san cewa dolphins na kwalba sunfi yawa da yaduwa a tsakanin duk dabbobin dolphins.
Dangane da rarrabuwa na IUCN, dolphin mai hanci a kwalba yana daga cikin nau'ikan da basu damu ba. Koyaya, raguwar yawan mutane ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an sanya kifin dolphins na Black Sea a cikin Red Book of Russia.
Dabbobin ruwa na Bottlenose ana daukar su daya daga cikin halittu masu ban mamaki na dabi'a. Hankalinsu na asali, halin kirki da kwarewar sadarwa ya sanya su zama ɗayan ofa developedan halittu masu rai a Duniya. Abin mamaki ne cewa waɗannan kifayen dolphin basa guje wa mutane, akasin haka, galibi suna ninkaya zuwa gaɓar tekun kuma da yardar rai suna tuntuɓar masu wanka. Ganin daddalen dolfin da ke fantsama a cikin teku yana sa mutane su sami kwanciyar hankali da lumana. Ba gaira ba dalili cewa masu jirgin ruwa daga zamanin da suna ɗaukar dolphin a matsayin wani abu kamar mala'ikunsu masu kiyayewa, waɗanda ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba suka bi jiragen ruwa yayin tafiya, kuma, idan ya cancanta, sun taimaka wa nutsar da mutane zuwa bakin tekun, wani lokacin ma har da kare su daga sharks.
