Snipe karamin tsuntsu ne mai dogon baki, madaidaiciya kuma mai kaifi. A cikin girmamawa ga wannan tsuntsaye na sirri da baƙon abu ne aka sanya sunan babbar bindigar farauta.
Bayani na maharbi
Mafi shahararrun duk wakilan dangin snipe, na cikin tsarin Charadriiformes, a yau yana da yawa ba kawai a cikin ƙasan Rasha ba, har ma a sikelin duniya.
Bayyanar
Snipe ɗayan tsuntsaye ne masu sauƙin ganewa, saboda dogon baki da bakin ciki, da kuma yanayin launin launin ruwan kasa masu launuka daban-daban... Wakilan jinsin suna dangin dangi na katako. Smallaramin sandpiper yana da saurin aiki a cikin aikin jirgin, yana iya matsawa da sauri ba kawai a ƙasa ba, har ma a cikin ruwa.
Matsakaicin tsawon tsuntsun baligi, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 28 cm ba, tare da nauyin jiki 90-200 gram. Tsawon madaidaicin beken tsuntsu ya kai kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jimlar tsawon jiki (kimanin 7.5 cm). Bakin wakilan jinsin an nuna shi a halayyar zuwa karshen, saboda haka kyakkyawan juzu'i ne don neman abinci a cikin yashi, da ƙasa da ƙasa mai laushi.
Kafafun wakilan dangin snipe, na tsarin Charadriiformes, sun kasance gajeru kuma ba su da siriri. Idanun tsuntsun suna da girma, an saita su sama kuma an lura sun koma baya na kai, wanda ke bayar da mafi girman damar gani da ikon gani sosai ko da a cikin yamma ne.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Daga cikin mutane, an yiwa lakabin maharbi ɗan rago, wanda aka bayyana shi da irin yanayin halayyar da tsuntsun zai iya yi a wannan lokacin na yanzu: sautunan musamman "che-ke-che-ke-che-ke."
Filayen snipe yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin ja, mai haske da baƙaƙen fata. A kan saman fuka-fukan fuka-fukai, akwai farar hular da aka furta. Yankin ciki na wader yana da haske, ba tare da kasancewar wuraren duhu ba. Launin launuka na wakilan jinsin yana yi musu hidima a matsayin kyakkyawan ɓuya kuma yana sauƙaƙa ɓoyewa tsakanin ƙananan ciyawar ciyawa.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Snipe tsuntsayen ƙaura ne. A lokacin bazara, wakilan jinsin sun iso da wuri, bayan murfin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin dausayin ya ɓace. A yankin kudancin Kazakhstan, a kan yankin Uzbekistan da Turkmenistan, masu neman ruwa sun bayyana kusan a farkon watan Maris, kuma waɗannan tsuntsayen sun isa Ukraine da Belarus a cikin goman karshe na Maris.
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zuwa yankin Moscow a farkon watan Afrilu, kuma kusa da Yakutsk - kawai a tsakiyar watan bazara na ƙarshe. Tsuntsaye sun fi son tashi su kadai, tare da fitowar duhu, suna kuwwa da kakkausar murya "tundra" a farkon tashinsu. Jirgin yana yawanci da daddare, kuma da rana maharban suna ciyarwa kuma suna hutawa. Wasu lokuta don masu neman tashi suna haɗuwa cikin rukuni na tsuntsaye da yawa ko ba su da yawa garken tumaki.
Snipes sune manyan jagororin gudu... Wakilan jinsin suna da saurin tashin hankali a cikin iska kuma suna iya bayyana ainihin pirouettes ko zigzags. Ya kamata a san cewa irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da saurin ko da bayan lokacin da muke ciki yanzu ya ƙare. Tsuntsaye suna tafiya cikin sauri a cikin iska, lokaci-lokaci suna canza canjin jirgin sama.
Har yaushe ne maharbi yake rayuwa
Matsakaici, wanda aka yi rajista a hukumance kuma ya tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar masanin kimiyya a cikin yanayin yanayi, a ƙa'ida, bai wuce shekaru goma ba. Irin wannan dogon lokacin yana da kyau ga tsuntsaye a yanayin su na asali.
Jima'i dimorphism
Ga duka jinsi biyu, wakilan Bekasy suna da launi iri ɗaya kuma kusan nauyinsu ɗaya, saboda haka, ba a bayyana alamun dimorphism ba. Saramar snipe tana da launi mai kariya na ban mamaki. Bambancin kananan rabe-rabe uku ana bayyana su ne kawai a cikin bambancin bayanai na alamu da tabarau a cikin launin layin, haka kuma a cikin girman tsuntsu da wasu sifofin jiki.
Jinsunan maharbi
Iyali ashirin ne suka wakilci dangin, da kuma nau'ikan rashi 47, mabambanta kamanninsu, wuraren zama da halaye. A kwanakin baya, a Ingila, ana kiran irin wadannan tsuntsaye Snipe (maharbi).
Wasu daga cikin rabe-raben snipe:
- Andean;
- Sarauta;
- Karami;
- Malay;
- Biyan kuɗi;
- Madagaska;
- Cordillera;
- Dutse;
- Afirka;
- Gandun daji;
- Ba'amurke;
- Jafananci;
- Babba.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Wakilan jinsin sun sami rarraba a yankunan Arewacin Amurka daga Alaska zuwa gabashin Labrador.
Ana samun Snipes a tsibirin: Iceland, Azores, British and Faroese. Yawancin tsuntsaye suna zaune a Eurasia daga yammacin Faransa da Scandinavia zuwa ɓangaren gabas zuwa bakin tekun Chukchi Peninsula. Ungiyoyin tsuntsaye sun zauna a bakin tekun Bering, a kan Kamchatka da Tsibirin Kwamanda, a gabar Tekun Okhotsk da Sakhalin. Sandpipers suna aiki a gida a tsibirin Vaygach.
Mahalli na maharbi shine yankuna masu dausayi tare da yawan ciyawar shrub ko babu. Tsuntsayen mazauna maɓuɓɓugai ne, kazalika da buɗe kogunan ruwa tare da tsire-tsire masu daɗin bakin teku, waɗanda ke lulluɓe da shelar laka.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Babban filin hunturu don snipe yana Arewacin Afirka, Iran da Indiya, Afghanistan da Pakistan, Indonesia da kudancin China, Crimea da Caucasus.
A lokacin nesting, duk maharban suna bin wurare na bogs tare da nutsuwa a cikin magudanan ruwa na kogi da kan wuraren ruwa na ruwa. Kadan sau da yawa, snipes gida a cikin yankuna masu dausayi tare da hummocks ko a kan bangon laka na katako mai yawa.
Abincin cin abinci
Babban ɓangare na abincin snipe yana wakiltar kwari da tsutsa, da ƙwarin ƙasa... A cikin ƙarami mai ƙarami, irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna cin zoben ƙarami da ƙananan ɓawon burodi. Tare da abincin asalin dabbobi, maharbi yana iya cin abincin tsirrai, wanda ya sami wakiltar tsaba, fruitsa fruitsan itace da harbe-harben tsire-tsire. Don inganta aikin narkar da ganye a ciki, tsuntsaye suna haɗiye ƙananan tsakuwa ko yashi.
Snipes da suke fitowa don ciyarwa suna motsawa sosai, kama ƙananan kwari. Don neman abinci ga tsuntsaye, ana bincika ƙasa. Ana cikin ciyarwa, bakin ya nutse cikin ƙasa kusan zuwa ƙasan. An samo ganima mai yawa, misali tsutsa, an rarraba ta ƙananan ƙananan tare da taimakon baki. Dalilin canza saba, abincin da aka fi so shine galibi rashin abinci idan yanayi ya canza.
Birdsananan tsuntsayen suna da ƙarfin haɗiye abincin da aka samo ba tare da ko cire bakinsu daga cikin abubuwan silty ba. Don neman abinci a cikin yanayin ruwa mara ƙanƙani, wakilan jinsin suna ƙaddamar da dogon bakinsu mai kaifi zuwa cikin dusar kankara mai taushi kuma, yayin da yake ci gaba a hankali, duba matakan ƙasa. Akwai adadi mai yawa na jijiyoyin da ke karshen bakin bakin tsuntsu, wanda hakan ke ba ta damar daukar motsin mazaunan duniya. Sai kawai lokacin da suka ji abin farauta, maharba suna kama shi da bakinsu.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Snipe a dabi'ance wasu tsuntsaye ne masu auren mace daya, suna zama tsaka-tsaka, ma'aurata madawwama ne kawai a lokacin kiwo. Kusan kai tsaye bayan isowa, maza na wader suna fara aiki a yanzu. A lokacin jirgin na yanzu, maza suna tashi cikin da'ira, suna tashi sama sama sama, lokaci zuwa lokaci suna nutsewa zuwa ƙasa.
A lokacin da "faduwa", tsuntsun yakan yada fikafikansa da jelarsa, sai ya ratsa ta iska ya girgiza, saboda haka ne ake fitar da wata halayyar da ke rawa, wanda yake da matukar damun busawa. Mazaunan da aka zaunar suna tafiya, ta amfani da wuri ɗaya don wannan dalili. Bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, mata za su haɗu da maza, wanda hakan ya haifar da samuwar nau'i-nau'i waɗanda ke ci gaba a tsawon lokacin kiwo.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Snipes suna aiki musamman a cikin zaman makoki na safe da maraice, a cikin gajimare da gajimare mai yanayin ruwa mai sauyawa. Wani lokaci maza suna tafiya a ƙasa, suna zaune a kan hummock kuma suna yin sautunan sauti “kaska, kaska, kaska”.
Mata ne kawai ke tsunduma cikin tsarin gida da kuma ɗaukar zuriya daga baya, kuma mazan suna raba kulawar nestlings da aka haifa tare da matan. Gida galibi ana sanya shi a kan wasu tudun da ba shi da tsayi sosai. Tashin hankali ne wanda aka rufe shi da mai tushe mai ciyawar bushewa. Kowane cikakken kama ya ƙunshi siffa masu pear huɗu ko biyar, rawaya ko ƙwai-mai zaitun mai duhu, launin ruwan kasa da toka-toka. Tsarin rarrabuwa yakan zama makonni uku.
Duk da cewa maza suna kusa da yaransu, wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na kulawar da ke da alaƙa da tarbiyyar zuriya ana yin ta ne ta hanyar snipe mace. Lokacin kwan kwan a cikin ruwa shine kamar haka:
- a kan yankin arewacin Ukraine - shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Afrilu;
- a kan yankin yankin Moscow - shekaru goma na farkon Mayu;
- a kan yankin Taimyr - ƙarshen Yuli.
Kajin Sandpiper, bayan sun bushe, sun bar gidansu. Namiji da mace suna kiyaye da girma brood. Lokacin da alamun farko na haɗari suka bayyana, iyayen ma'aurata suna canza ƙananan kajin da ke nesa da jirgin kaɗan. Tsuntsaye suna matse gammayen pad da ke ƙasa tsakanin metatarsals kuma suna tashi ƙasa da ƙasa sama da matakin ƙasa. Kaji masu makonni uku suna iya tashi na ɗan gajeren lokaci. A tsakiyar tsakiyar bazara, yara sun zama kusan masu zaman kansu gaba ɗaya. Bayan wannan, maharbi ya fara ci gaba da aiki zuwa yankunan kudu.
Makiya na halitta
Snipe abu ne da aka fi so game da farautar wasanni a ƙasashe da yawa. Ba tsuntsayen masu kiba suna da tsauri ba, kuma basa barin karnuka tare da mafarauta a yankuna masu dausayi masu tsafta kusa da taku ashirin su kusanci kansu su fice daga wurinsu kafin harbin. Tsuntsayen da ƙwai masu ƙaiƙayi kansu za su iya zama ganima ga yawancin tsuntsaye da masu cin abincin ƙasa, gami da dawakai, kerkeci, karnukan daji, martens, weasels, da fatar. Daga cikin iska, gaggafa da farauta, shaho da manyan hankaka sukan farautar maharbi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Tare da katako mai yawa, ulits, sandpipes da gaisuwa, gami da phalaropes, wakilan jinsunan Snipe suna cikin babban dangi wanda yanzu ya haɗu sama da tara dozin raka'a. A halin yanzu, babu abin da ke barazana ga yawan wadatar.
