Kifin kifin, wanda kuma aka fi sani da suna pike whitefish da farin jini mai gama jini (Champsocephalus gunnari), mazaunin ruwa ne na dangin da ake kira Fari mai jini a jiki. Sunan "kankara" ko "kifin kankara" wani lokacin ana amfani dashi azaman sunan gama gari ga duka dangi, tare da wakilai daban-daban, gami da kada da kifin kifi whale.
Bayanin kifin kankara
Ko da mashin ruwan kasar Norway a karni na goma sha tara, labaru sun yadu sosai a cikin Antarctic mai nisa, kusa da tsibirin Kudancin Jojiya, a kudu maso yammacin Tekun Atlantika, akwai kifaye masu ban mamaki da jini mara launi. Godiya ga wannan fasalin cewa waɗannan mazaunan ruwa masu ban mamaki ana kiransu "marasa jini" da "kankara".
Yana da ban sha'awa! A yau, daidai da tsarin zamani mai tsayayye, masu farin jini, ko kifin kankara, an sanya su a cikin umarnin Perchiformes, wanda irin waɗannan mazaunan ruwa suke da wakilcin zuriya goma sha ɗaya, da kuma nau'ikan sha shida.
Koyaya, irin wannan sirrin yanayi bai tayar da sha'awar masanan da yawa masu shakka ba, saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a fara binciken kimiyya kan kifi kawai a tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata. Rarraba kimiyyar (harajin haraji) wanda masanin dabbobin Sweden Einar Lenberg ya aiwatar.
Bayyanar, girma
Ice babban kifi ne... A cikin yawan jama'a daga Kudancin Jojiya, manya na jinsin galibi suna kai tsawon 65-66 cm, tare da matsakaicin nauyin 1.0-1.2 kilogiram. Matsakaicin girman kifin da aka rubuta kusa da yankin Kudancin Jojiya ya kai cm 69.5, tare da nauyin duka kilogram 3.2. Yankin da ke kusa da tsibirin Kerguelen an san shi da mazaunin kifi tare da tsawon jikinsa wanda bai wuce 45 cm ba.
Farkon dorsal fin yana da 7-10 mai saurin juyawa, kuma na biyu na karshe yana da haskoki 35-41. Fushin finafinan kifin ya ƙunshi fitilu masu narkewa na 35-40. Abubuwan da aka keɓe na farkon ɓangaren ɓangaren reshe shi ne kasancewar stamens reshe 11-20, yayin da jimlar adadin kashin baya 58-64 ne.
Kifin kankara yana da gajere da siriri jiki. Hannun baya kusa da hancin hancin sam ba ya nan. Bangare na sama na ƙananan muƙamuƙi yana cikin layi ɗaya a tsaye tare da koli na muƙamuƙin na sama. Tsayin kan babba babba ya fi tsayin hancin. Bakin kifin yana da girma, tare da gefen gaba na muƙamuƙin sama ya kai na uku na gaba na ɓangaren juyawa. Idanun kifin suna da girma, kuma sararin samaniya yana da fadi kaɗan.
Yankunan waje na ƙasusuwa na goshi sama da idanu daidai suke, ba tare da kasancewar ƙwanƙwasawa ba, sam ba a tashe su ba. Fananan ƙafafun ƙafafu biyu ba su da kaɗan, suna taɓa ginshiƙai ko an ɗan rabu da su ta wani matsattsun sararin samaniya. A jikin mazaunin ruwa akwai layuka masu layi biyu (na tsakiya da dorsal), ba tare da kasancewar ɓangarori masu gaɓa ba. Abubuwan da ke ƙugu a cikin ciki na tsaka-tsaka ne, kuma mafi girma tsakiyar tsakiya ba ya kai ga gindin farji. Kudin caudal ba'a san shi ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abun farji, na fure, da na ƙoshin baya na manya daga cikin jinsin jinsunan suna da duhu ko baƙi a cikin launi, kuma ƙananan mutane suna da alamun ƙura wuta.
Babban launi na jikin kifin kankara yana wakiltar launin launin toka mai launin toka mai haske. A yankin ɓangaren ciki na mazaunan ruwa, akwai launi mai launi. Yankin baya da shugaban kifi mai jure sanyi suna da launi mai duhu. Observedaƙƙan duwatsu masu duwatsu masu duhu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba suna lura a ɓangarorin jiki, daga cikinsu ratsi huɗu huɗu suka fito.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Icefish ana samunsu a cikin tafkunan ruwa a zurfin 650-800 m.Duk da bayyane abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halittar jini, tare da ƙarancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin jinin jini da haemoglobin a cikin jini, wakilan wannan nau'in suna jin daɗin jin daɗi sosai a yanayin zafin ruwa na 0оС har ma da ɗan ɗan kaɗan. Ya kamata a san cewa saboda salon rayuwa da sifofin tsari, kifin kankara bashi da wani takamammen kamshin kifi na musamman, kuma naman irin wannan kifin yana da ɗan zaki, mai laushi kuma yana da ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano.
Babban rawa a cikin aikin numfashi ba'a buga shi ba ta gill, amma ta fatar ƙanshi da jiki duka... Bugu da ƙari, jimlar yanayin kifin irin wannan kifin ya ninka sau uku fiye da na numfashi. Misali, hanyar sadarwa mai daddawa dabi'a ce ta Kerguelen whitebird, ta kai tsawon 45 mm ga kowane milimita murabba'in fata.
Yaya tsawon lokacin kifin kankara yake rayuwa
Kifin kankara an daidaita shi da yanayin da ba shi da kyau, amma zuciyar mazaunin ruwa tana bugawa sau da yawa fiye da ta sauran kifaye, don haka matsakaiciyar rayuwar ba ta wuce shekaru ashirin ba.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin rarraba wakilan jinsin ya kasance na rukunin tsaka-tsakin yanayi-Antartika. Yankin da mazaunin an fi mayar da shi ga tsibirai, waɗanda suke a cikin iyakar arewacin ɓangaren Antarctic Convergence. A Yammacin Antarctica, ana samun kifin kankara kusa da Shag Rocks, South Georgia Island, the South Sandwich and Orkney Islands, and the Shetland South Islands.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin ruwa mai zurfin sanyi, kifin kankara ya karu da zagawar jini, wanda yake tabbatarwa ta girman zuciya da kuma aiki mai ƙarfi na wannan ɓangaren na ciki.
Yawan mutanen Icefish suna da mahimmanci a kusa da tsibirin Bouvet da kuma kusa da arewacin iyakar yankin Antarctic. Ga Gabas ta Antarctica, kewayon nau'ikan ya iyakance ga bankunan da tsibirin Kerguelen na karkashin ruwa, gami da tsibirin Khones na Kerguelen, da Shchuchya, Yuzhnaya da Skif bank, da kuma yankin tsubirin McDonald da Heard.
Abincin Icefish
Icefish shine mai yawan farauta. Wadannan mazaunan ruwa masu tsananin sanyi sun fi son ciyar da rayuwar ruwan teku. Abin da aka fi amfani da shi ga irin waɗannan wakilan kifayen Ray-finned, da oda Perchiformes da dangin Fari mai jini a jiki sune squid, krill da ƙananan kifi.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa babban abincin kifin kankara shine krill, ɗan ɗanɗano da nama mai taushi irin wannan mazaunin cikin ruwa yana ɗan tuna da prawns na sarki a ɗanɗano.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Kifi dabbobi ne masu dioecious. Mata suna yin ƙwai - ƙwai waɗanda ke haɓaka a cikin ƙwai. Suna da membrane mai haske da siriri, wanda ke tabbatar da saurin haɗuwa. Motsi tare da oviduct, qwai ya fita ta kofar waje dake kusa da dubura.
Maza suna yin maniyyi. Suna cikin haɗeɗɗen gwajin da ake kira madara kuma suna wakiltar wani nau'in tsari a cikin sifar tubules waɗanda ke malala zuwa cikin bututun fitar jini. A cikin jijiyoyin ɓoyayyen akwai wani ɓangaren da aka fadada sananne, wanda aka wakilta da kwayar cutar. Ana fitar da ruwan maniyyi na mace, haka kuma daga na mata, ana aiwatar dasu kusan lokaci daya.
Extremophiles, wanda ya haɗa da wakilan ajin kifi na Ray-finned, da umarnin kifi na Percoid da dangin kifi masu farin jini, suna shirye don aikin haifuwa mai aiki sai bayan shekaru biyu. Yayin lokacin bazara na kaka, mata suna kyankyashe daga ƙwai ɗaya da rabi zuwa talatin. Sabbin haifaffen soya suna ciyarwa ne kawai akan plankton, amma suna girma da haɓaka a hankali.
Makiya na halitta
A karkashin ma'aunin kifin Antarctic, akwai wani abu na musamman wanda yake hana jiki yin sanyi a cikin ruwa mai sanyi... A zurfin zurfin zurfin, wakilan jinsunan Icefish basu da makiya da yawa, kuma kawai suna aiki, kusan duk shekara kamun kifi don dalilai na kasuwanci na iya ɗaukar haɗari na musamman ga yawan mutanen.
Darajar kasuwanci
Ice yana daya daga cikin kifaye masu daraja na kasuwanci. Matsakaicin nauyin irin wannan kifin na kasuwa na iya bambanta tsakanin gram 100-1000, tare da tsayin 25-35 cm. Naman Icefish ya ƙunshi mahimman abubuwa masu mahimmanci, gami da potassium, phosphorus, fluorine da sauran abubuwan alamomin da ke da amfani ga jikin mutum.
A yankin ƙasar Rasha, saboda yawan ɗanɗano, da kuma saboda ƙarancin nisa da takamaiman yanayin yankin samar da ɗimbin yawa, kifin kankara a yau yana cikin rukunin farashi mai ƙima. Abin lura ne cewa a cikin yanayin masana'antar kamun kifi na zamanin Soviet, irin waɗannan kayan kifin mallakar su ne, tare da pollock da shuɗi mai shuɗi, musamman ga rukunin farashi mafi ƙanƙanci.
Kifin kankara mai jurewa mai sanyi yana da laushi, mai taushi, mai ƙarancin mai (2-8 g na mai mai nauyin 100 g) da ƙananan kalori (80-140 kcal akan 100 g) nama. Matsakaicin abun ciki na furotin shine kusan 16-17%. Naman ba shi da ƙashi. Kifin kifin ba shi da ƙashin haƙarƙari, ko ƙananan ƙasusuwa, yana da ƙyalli mai taushi da kusan cin abinci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa fararen kwayayen jini suna zaune ne kawai a cikin yankuna masu tsabta na muhalli na duniyarmu, sabili da haka naman su mai daraja yana da cikakkiyar rashin wasu abubuwa masu cutarwa.
Lokacin dafa abinci, ana ba da shawarar fifita mafi sauƙin nau'ikan girke-girke, gami da tafasa ko dafa abinci na tururi. Masu fahimtar irin wannan naman galibi suna shirya abinci mai daɗi da ƙoshin lafiya daga kifin kankara, kuma a cikin Japan, jita-jita da aka yi daga naman wannan mazaunin ruwa a cikin ɗanyensa na musamman ya shahara.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A halin yanzu, wakilan aji kifin Ray-finned, da oda Perchiformes da dangin Fishe mai jini-jini sun kama wasu tsuntsaye masu tsaka-tsakin zamani kusa da Kudancin Orkney da Tsibirin Shetland, Kudancin Georgia da Kerguelen. Adadin kifin mai zurfin jurewar sanyi mai jurewa kowace shekara a cikin waɗannan yankuna ya bambanta tsakanin tan dubu 1.0-4.5. A cikin ƙasashe masu magana da Ingilishi ana kiran kifin kan kifin kankara, kuma a cikin ƙasashen masu magana da Sifen ana kiransa pez hielo.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Kifin Coho
- Kifin kifayen
- Kifin Halibut
- Kayan kifi
A cikin yankin Faransa, an ba wakilan wannan nau'in mai mahimmanci suna mai suna poisson des glaces antarctique, wanda aka fassara zuwa harshen Rashanci a matsayin "kifin kankara na Antarctic". Masunta na Rasha a yau ba sa kama "kankara", kuma shigo da kifin kawai, wanda jirgi mallakar wasu ƙasashe ya kama, ya ƙare kan ƙididdigar kasuwar cikin gida. A cewar mafi yawan kafofin kimiyya, a halin yanzu, kyawawan nau'ikan kasuwancin da ke zaune a yankin Antarctic ba sa fuskantar barazanar ƙarewa.
