Katran, ko kare na teku (Squalus acanthias), babban kifayen kifin ne wanda ya kasance daga jinsin zafin nama da dangin Katran daga sharrin Katraniform. Mazaunan ruwan da ke da kwarjinin tekunan duk tekunan duniya, a matsayin ƙa'ida, ana samun sa a zurfin da bai wuce mita 1460 ba. Zuwa yau, matsakaicin tsayin jikin da aka yi rikodin yana cikin zangon 160-180 cm.
Bayanin katran
Katran, ko kare na teku, ɗayan ɗayan jinsunan kifayen shark ne waɗanda ke duniyarmu a yau. Irin wannan mazaunin ruwa an san shi da sunaye:
- talakawa katran;
- spiny shark na yau da kullun;
- spiny spotted shark;
- shark shark;
- m sharrin shark;
- yashi katran;
- kudancin katran;
- marigold.
Karen teku yana da ban sha'awa musamman don wasanni da kamun kifi saboda rashin takamaiman ƙamshin ammoniya wanda ke da alaƙa da wasu nau'o'in kifin shark.
Bayyanar
Tare da sauran sauran kifayen kifin, gajeren spik shark shark yana da ingantaccen jiki wanda aka dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi kamala ga babban kifi. Jikin katran ya kai tsawon 150-160 cm, amma ga yawancin mutane girman girman bai wuce mita ɗaya ba. Ya kamata a sani cewa karnukan mata suna da girma fiye da maza.... Godiya ga kwarangwal, wanda nauyin jikin shark ya sauƙaƙa sosai, ba tare da la'akari da halayen shekarun mai farautar teku ba.
Katrans suna da dogon jiki siriri wanda yake basu damar sare ruwa cikin sauki da sauri kuma suna tafiya cikin sauri. Godiya ga wutsiya mai yawa-ruwa, ana gudanar da aikin tuƙi kuma an sauƙaƙa sauƙaƙa motsi na kifin farauta a cikin ruwa. Fatar katran an rufe ta da ƙananan sikeli. Sidesungiyoyi da yankin baya galibi suna da launin launin toka mai duhu mai duhu, wanda a wasu lokutan akwai ƙananan fari.
Hancin spina, gajeren gajeren kifin mai kyan gani tare da mahimmin abu. Matsakaicin daidaiton daga ƙarshen hancin hancin bakinsa ya kusan nisan baki kusan sau 1.3. Idanun suna kusa da nisa daya daga tsagin farko da tsakar hancin. Hancin hancin ya ja har zuwa saman hancin. Hakoran spkin shark iri ɗaya ne a kan muƙamuƙai biyu, masu kaifi da marasa ƙarfi, waɗanda suke cikin layuka da yawa. Irin wannan makamin mai kaifin gaske wanda yake da hatsarin gaske yana ba maharin damar yanka da yaga kayan abinci cikin kananan abubuwa.
Maimakon haka ƙafafun kayoyi suna nan kusa da asalin ƙashin ƙugu. Na farko irin wannan kashin yana da ɗan gajarta fiye da na ƙarshen, amma ya dace da tushensa. Halin kashin baya na biyu yana dauke da tsayi mai tsayi; sabili da haka, daidai yake da tsayi zuwa na ƙarshen dorsal na biyu, wanda ya fi ƙanƙanin farko girma.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin yankin kan ruwan goge na yau da kullun, kamar sama da idanun, akwai reshen-filiform masu ɗan gajeren girma ko kuma abin da ake kira ruwan wukake.
Fushin finafinai ba ya nan a cikin kare kare. Fananan firam ɗin suna da girma a cikin girma, tare da ɗan raunin kaudal mara nauyi. Insashin ƙugu yana da tushe kusa da na ƙarshe na biyu.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Matsayi na musamman a haɓakar kifin shark a cikin ƙarancin fadada teku an sanya shi zuwa gaɓo mai mahimmanci - layin gefe... Godiya ce ga wannan gaɓaɓɓiyar sashin jiki cewa babban kifin da ke farauta yana iya jin wani abu, ko da kuwa ƙaramar, girgizar yanayin ruwa. Ingancin ƙanshin shark ɗin ya kasance saboda ramuka - buɗewar hanci ta musamman wacce ke tafiya kai tsaye zuwa cikin maƙoshin kifin.
Wani kaifin kifin shark a nesa mai nisa yana iya ɗaukar abu na musamman wanda wanda aka firgita ya saki. Bayyanar mai farautar teku yana nuna motsi mai ban mamaki, ikon haɓaka saurin sauri da biyan farautansa zuwa ƙarshen. Katrans basu taɓa afkawa mutum ba, don haka wannan mazaunin ruwa ba shi da haɗari ga mutane.
Yaya Katran ya rayu?
Kamar yadda yawancin kallo suka nuna, matsakaiciyar rayuwar rayuwar yau da kullun ta shark tana da tsayi, tana zuwa galibi kwata-kwata.
Jima'i dimorphism
Ba a cika bayyana alamun dimorphism a cikin balagaggu da matasa karnukan ruwa kuma suna da bambance-bambance a cikin girma. Tsawon katifa na manya, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ya ɗan faɗi ƙasa da mita, kuma girman jiki na katranan mata galibi ya zarce 100 cm Yana da sauƙi a rarrabe kifin shark ko katran ta hanyar rashin cikakkiyar fin ƙarfin jiki, wanda shine ainihin yanayin maza da mata na wannan nau'in.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yankin rarraba katran yana da fadi sosai, saboda haka akwai adadi da yawa a cikin tekunan duniya inda akwai damar ganin irin waɗannan masu cin abincin ruwa. Daga yankin Greenland zuwa Ajantina, daga gabar Iceland zuwa Canary Islands, a Tekun Indiya da Pacific, kusa da gabar Japan da Ostiraliya, ana samun irin waɗannan ƙananan kifayen.
Koyaya, sun gwammace su guji yawan ruwan sanyi da dumi sosai, saboda haka ba shi yiwuwa a haɗu da wannan mazaunin ruwa a cikin Arctic ko Antarctica, da kuma cikin tekuna masu zafi. Ana yin rikodin lokuta game da ƙaura mai nisa na wakilai na mashiniyar yau da kullun.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A saman ruwa, yana yiwuwa a ga kare kare ko katrana kawai da daddare ko lokacin bazara, lokacin da tsarin yanayin zafin ruwan ya kusa 15o.
A cikin yankin ƙasar Rasha, kifayen sharks masu ƙaya suna jin daɗi a cikin ruwan Black, Okhotsk da Bering. A ƙa'ida, irin waɗannan kifaye sun fi son kada su yi nisa da bakin teku, amma yayin aiwatar da neman abinci, kataran ma sun tafi da su, saboda haka suna iya iyo cikin bahar. Wakilan jinsunan sun gwammace su zauna a cikin matakan teku na ƙasa, kuma wani lokacin su nitse zuwa wani zurfin da yawa, inda suke tururuwa zuwa ƙananan makarantu.
Katran abinci
Tushen abincin katran yana da wakiltar nau'ikan kifaye iri-iri, gami da kifi, sardine da herring, da kowane nau'in ɓawon burodi a cikin ƙuƙwalwa da jatan lande. Sau da yawa, cephalopods, waɗanda suka haɗa da squids da dorinar ruwa, da tsutsotsi da wasu dabbobin da ke jagorantar salon biyun, sun zama abincin ganimar kifin.
Wasu lokuta babban kifin shark na iya cin jellyfish da kyau, kuma baya guje wa ciyawar teku.... Bayan motsawar kifaye daban-daban, kifaye masu kifi a wasu wuraren suna iya yin ƙaura mai mahimmanci. Misali, a gabar Tekun Atlantika na Amurka, da kuma gabashin gabashin ruwan Tekun Japan, karnukan teku suna yin tafiya mai nisa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin ruwa inda akwai kifaye da yawa, irin waɗannan masu ɓarkewar ruwan suna haifar da lahani sosai ga kamun kifi, tunda manyan katranan suna iya cin kifi a kan ƙugiya da kuma cikin raga, ta cinye ta da fasa raga.
A lokacin sanyi, yara da yara katran suna ƙoƙari su manne, suna faduwa mita 100-200 daga farfajiya. A irin wannan zurfin, ana kiyaye tsarin yanayin zafin jiki mai kyau don rayuwa da farauta, sannan kuma akwai wadataccen adadin dawakai da dawakai. A cikin lokacin zafi mai tsananin zafi, katran suna iya farauta farauta a cikin garken.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Aya daga cikin siffofin halayyar haifuwar kowane kifin kifin kifin shark, wanda ya banbanta su da nau'ikan kifaye masu ƙoshin lafiya, shine ƙarfin hadi na ciki. Dukkanin katran suna daga jinsin halittu masu nau'in ovoviviparous. Wasannin wasan kwaikwayo na sharks suna faruwa a zurfin mita 40. Ana sanya ƙwai masu tasowa a jikin mata, waɗanda suke cikin ƙwayoyi na musamman. Kowane irin wannan ƙwayoyin gelatinous na ciki na iya ƙunsar kusan ƙwai 3-15 tare da matsakaita na 40 mm.
Mata na daukar zuriya na dogon lokaci. Wannan shine cikin da yafi kowanne dadewa tsakanin dukkan masharran da ke ciki na iya wucewa daga watanni 18 zuwa 22. An zaɓi wurin ƙyanƙyashe yara don kusa da bakin teku. 'Ya'yan mace daya na yau da kullun na iya zama kunshi 6-29. Sabbin kifayen da aka haifa suna da murfi na musamman a jikin ƙaya, don haka ba sa cutar iyayensu. Irin waɗannan shari'o'in ana watsar dasu kai tsaye bayan haihuwa.
Sabbin kifayen kifayen da aka haifa suna da tsayin jiki a tsakanin 20 zuwa 26 cm. Lokacin da kwai na farko suka riga suka fara haihuwa, sabon ɓangaren ƙwai ya riga ya fara girma a cikin ƙwarjin mace.
A cikin yankuna arewacin, soyayyen irin wannan mai farautar ya bayyana kusan a tsakiyar bazara, kuma a cikin ruwan Tekun Japan, an haifi kifayen kifayen a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na watan Agusta. Da farko, spiny shark soya na ciyarwa akan jakar kwai na musamman, wanda ke adana wadataccen kayan abinci mai mahimmanci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Katran girma, tare da sauran nau'ikan kifayen kifayen, suna da mutuƙar lalacewa, kuma ana samar da numfashi ta hanyar yawan kuzari, wanda asarar sa ta kasance ta kusan shan abinci koyaushe.
'Ya'yan da aka haifa zuwa duniya suna da ƙwarin gwiwa kuma suna zaman kansu, saboda haka suna iya siyan abincin kansu da kansu kyauta. Sai kawai a cikin shekaru goma sha ɗaya, maza na yau da kullun spank shark ko katran za su kai tsawon jiki 80 cm kuma su cika balaga. Mata na wakilan wannan nau'in suna da ikon samar da zuriya a cikin shekara ɗaya da rabi, suna kaiwa kimanin mita ɗaya a tsayi.
Makiya na halitta
Dukkanin kifayen kifin 'yan kifi suna da hankali sosai, ana rarrabe su ta hanyar wayo da iko na asali, amma a cikin mazauninsu ba kawai "marasa fata-fata" ba ne, amma har ma abokan hamayya ne bayyananniya. Mafi munin abokan gabar kifin kifaye a cikin yanayi sune rayuwar ruwa mai girman gaske, wanda ke wakiltar kifayen ruwa. kifin Whale... Hakanan, mutane da tasirin kifi irin na bushiya, wanda zai iya toshe maƙogwaron shark tare da allurai da jikinsu, wanda ke haifar da yunwa har ya mutu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Katrans suna cikin jinsin masu cin abincin ruwa, wanda a halin yanzu ba'a fuskantar barazanar su. Koyaya, irin wannan mazaunin ruwa yana da darajar kasuwanci, kuma hanta shark tana ƙunshe da wani abu wanda ke taimakawa tare da wasu nau'o'in ilimin sanko.
