Kerkeci mai launin ja, ko kerkeci na dutse, ko kerkecin Himalayan (Cuon alpinus), wanda aka fi sani da buanzu, dabba ce mai cin nama daga dangin Canidae. A yau ita ce kadai nau'in da ba safai ake samunsa ba daga jinsin Cuon, wanda ke fuskantar barazanar bacewa gaba daya.
Bayanin jan kerkeci
Red Wolves sun bambanta da sauran wakilan canines ta ƙananan molar da adadi mai yawa.
Bayyanar
Kerkeci masu kyan gani manyan dabbobi ne masu tsawon jiki 55-110 cm, tare da girman wutsiya daga 45-50 cm kuma nauyin jiki yakai kilogiram 17-21. Bayyanar dabbar daji ta haɗu da siffofin fox, kerk andci da dodo. Babban bambanci daga kerkeci gama gari launi ne, gashi mai laushi da doguwar wutsiya, wacce kusan takan kai ga doron ƙasa. Wakilan jinsin suna da halin kasancewar gajarta da kaifin bakin bakinsa... Kunnuwa, da aka ɗora sama a kai, manya ne, tsayayyun nau'in, tare da sanannun zagaye saman.
Sautin gaba ɗaya na launin rigar ja ne, mai canzawa sosai ga yawancin mutane da ke zaune a sassa daban-daban na kewayon. Arshen wutsiya baƙi ne. Har zuwa watanni uku da haihuwa, cubasan suna da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Murfin gashi a cikin hunturu yana da girma sosai, yana da taushi da kauri. A lokacin bazara, fur din yana da gajarta, mai laushi da duhu. Wutsiya tana da laushi sosai, kamar ta Fox ta yau da kullun. Dangane da bambancin launin launi da nauyin fur, da girman jiki, an bayyana ƙananan rabe-raben goma a yau, biyu daga cikinsu suna zaune cikin ƙasar Rasha.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Jan kerkeci shine mazaunin dutsen na yau da kullun, yana hawa zuwa tsayin mita dubu huɗu sama da matakin teku. Ga wani muhimmin bangare na shekara, dabbar da ke farautar tana rayuwa a cikin tsaunukan Alps da bel, da kuma cikin tsaunukan dutse tare da yankuna masu duwatsu da kwazazzabai. A cikin yankuna masu budewa da shimfida, dabbar ba zata zauna ba, amma don neman abinci tana iya yin hijira zuwa yanayi na nesa. Wasu lokuta wakilan jinsin na iya bayyana a cikin shimfidar wurare daban-daban, gami da yankuna masu tudu, daji-steppe da hamada.
Bayan an kafa babban murfin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin tsaunuka, kyarketai masu launin ja suna fara bin dabbobin dawa masu ƙyallen kofato, waɗanda suka haɗa da argali, ibex, barewa da jan barewa. A wannan lokacin na shekara, masu farauta sun fi son zama a tsaunuka, a yankunan da ƙanƙarar ƙanƙara take, gami da gangaren da hasken rana. Red Wolves suna rayuwa kuma suna farauta a cikin ƙaramin garken tumaki, yawanci suna da mutane goma sha biyu na ƙarni da yawa. Wani lokaci yawan dabbobi a cikin garken yakan wuce dozin biyu ko uku.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Sautunan da kerkeci ke yi sun fi banbanci, idan aka kwatanta da na kerkeci na kowa, wanda yake tuno da waƙoƙi da kuma rera waƙoƙi.
Mafi yawan lokuta, dangantakar dake cikin irin wannan fakitin ba ta da rikici. Tabbatar da alaƙa na matsayi yana faruwa bayan shekara bakwai da watanni. Mafaka mai farauta yawanci raƙuman dutse masu ƙima ne, da kuma ramuka da kogwanni. Dabbar a dabi'ance tana da ingantacciyar ji, tana iya iyo kuma tana iya tsalle, cikin sauƙin shawo kan nisan mita shida. Red Wolves sun fi so su guji mutane, saboda haka ba a basu damuwa ba, amma suna da ikon haifuwa sosai a cikin fursuna.
Yaya tsawon lokacin da jaririn kerkeci yake rayuwa
Akwai sanannun lokuta lokacin da rayuwar dodo kerkeci a zaman talata ya kasance shekaru 15-16, amma a cikin daji irin wannan dabba mai shayarwa tana rayuwa ƙasa da ƙasa. A cikin mazauninsu na asali, irin waɗannan masu farautar dole suyi gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya kusan kullun don rayuwa, don haka dabbobi a yanayi, a matsayinsu na ƙa'ida, suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru biyar.
Jima'i dimorphism
Saboda haka, yanayin jima'i tsakanin mata da maza na jan kerkeci ba a bayyana sosai kuma ana wakilta ne kawai da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin manya masu cin nama a cikin girman jiki.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yawancin mahalli da kewayon jan kerkeci yana a tsakiya da Kudancin Asiya, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, gami da Indonesia, Indiya, China da Tibet, da Mongolia, tsibirin Java da Sumatra. A cikin mazaunin, a wuraren da irin wannan mai farautar ya gama ɓarna ko kuma sanya mutane matsuguni, a wuraren babu shi a manyan yankuna ba tare da sa hannun ɗan adam ba. Ainihin, dabba mai farauta ba ya nan a cikin hamada da sassan tudu na kewayon.
A arewacin, iyakar kewayon ja ta kerkeci tana gudana a cikin matsattsiyar hanya a yankin ƙasar Rasha. Irin waɗannan wuraren da ke cikin daji suna wakiltar kudancin gefen Gabas ta Tsakiya, Tsakiya da Gabashin Siberia, inda ja kerkeci ke da wuya sosai kuma ba safai ba. A duk mazaunin su, kerketai masu launin ja sun fi son tsaunuka da tsaunuka masu tudu.
Wannan dabbar da ba ta da yawa da ke cin karenta ba babbaka na iya zama a wurare da dama, tun daga makiyaya mai tsayi, gami da kwaruruka masu tsaunuka masu yawan ciyayi masu yawa, da kuma wuraren dazuzzuka na Gabas ta Gabas, gami da gandun dazuzzuka na Gabashin Siberia. Koyaya, ba tare da la'akari da kebantattun wuraren zama na fakitin jan kerkeci ba, yanayin da ba makawa shine mahimmin murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfin gaske koyaushe tana tilasta dabbar ta ƙaura zuwa wasu, ba yankuna masu dusar ƙanƙara ba.
Red wolf cin abinci
Jan kerkeci na daga cikin nau'ikan masu kama da dabbobi. A lokuta daban-daban na shekara, kusan kowace dabbobin daji suna iya zama abincin irin wannan dabba. Koyaya, tushen abincin kerkeci na manya galibi yawancin nau'ikan ba manya manyan daji bane. Haka kuma sanannen abu ne cewa a lokacin bazara irin wannan dabba mai cin nama tana cin isasshen adadin tsire-tsire, musamman, ganyen tsaunin rhubarb. Mountain rhubarb ana samunsa koyaushe a cikin wuraren kerkeci a gaban kwiyakwiyi, don haka aka ɗauka cewa manya-manyan kerkeci suna ciyar da su matasa, suna maimaita rabin narkewar abinci, amma har yanzu ba su cika fure ba.
Wani lokaci dabba mai farauta a cikin daji na iya cin kowane irin nama. Red Wolves galibi suna kora abin farautar su cikin ruwa, wanda hakan ke kawo cikas ga yunwar ganima da kuma saukake ta. Kafin farautar, mafarauta suna yin hadadden, al'ada ta al'ada wacce ta hada da shafawa da shaka, da matsayin mata da miji.
Red Wolves suna yin farauta galibi da rana, ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na farauta da nau'ikan gargajiya na kai hari kan dabbobinsu, wanda kai tsaye ya dogara da girman fakitin da aka kafa, siffofin taimako na ƙasa da halayen jinsin ganimar. Misali, kerkeci sun fi son farauta su kadai a kan kowane irin lagomorphs da beraye, kuma garken tumaki ne kawai ke iya farautar manyan dabbobi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ba kamar yawancin canines na daji ba, jan kerkeci yana kashe abin farautarsa, ba ya kama shi ta maƙogwaro, amma yana ta kai hare-hare daga baya, don haka mafarauta masu girma biyu ko uku suna da ikon kashe barewar kilogram 50 a ƙasa da 'yan mintoci kaɗan.
Wani rukuni na kyarketai, wanda ya kunshi manya 15-20, suna aiki da jituwa koyaushe, saboda haka yana iya samun nasarar farautar hatta irin wannan babban dabba kamar bauna... Jan kerkeci yana nema kuma yana samun kamshi daga kamshi, bayan haka farautar gargajiya ta fara. Irin wannan dabbar da ke farautar tana gudana a hankali fiye da diloli da dila, amma ana rarrabe shi da tsananin juriya, saboda abin da yake bin abin da yake ganinta har zuwa lokacin da ya gaji gaba daya. Bayan sun riski ganima wacce tayi girman gaske, sai wani kunkuntar ja ta kerkeci ta ciji ta, don haka bayan wani lokaci ganima ta fado kuma masu farauta suka cinye ta. Akwai sanannun sanannun lokuta lokacin da gungun kerkeci suka kori abin da aka bi su zuwa gefen dutsen, inda suka tilasta shi ya fasa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A Indiya, wakilan dabbobi masu cin nama daga dangin Canidae na iya yin kiwo kimanin watanni biyar a shekara. Mafi yawanci, lokacin haifuwa na jan kerkeci yakan faɗi ne a kan lokacin daga Satumba zuwa Janairu wanda ya haɗa. Lokacin da aka tsare su a cikin fursuna, a wuraren shakatawar dabbobi da ke tsakiyar layin, ana lura da rudanin masu farauta daga farkon Janairu zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu.
Jimlar lokacin haihuwar jan kyarkeci da aka ajiye a wuraren shakatawa na gidan dabbobi ya kai kimanin watanni biyu ko kuma fiye da haka. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zuriyar litter da aka rubuta a Indiya ya kasance daga froman yara huɗu zuwa shida. Akwai sanannun lokuta na cire ɗiya goma sha biyu daga ramin kerkeci, amma, a cewar masana kimiyya da yawa, irin waɗannan mutane da yawa na iya zama haɗuwa da yara mata biyu ko uku a lokaci ɗaya. Puan kwikwiyo sabbin jariri masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ba kamar fakitin kerkeci ba, wanda ma'auratan suka kasance masu cin gashin kai, kyarkyamin kyarkeci koyaushe suna ba da fifiko ga 'ya'yan kwikwiyorsu, saboda haka suna ba su damar cin abinci da farko, kuma membobin wannan dangin suna ciyar da mahaifiyarsu da dabbobinsu, suna maimaita abincin.
'Ya'yan da aka haifa makafi ne gaba daya, basu da hakora kuma ana rarrabe su ta hanyar hanyoyin buɗe ido. Matsakaicin nauyin kwikwiyo ya bambanta tsakanin gram 200-350. Kubiyowa suna buɗe idanunsu tun kimanin sati biyu da haihuwa. A cikin daji, wan kwikwiyo masu launin ja suna barin burminsu kawai suna da shekaru 70-80.
'Ya'yan da aka haifa a cikin yanayin wurin shakatawar a karon farko na iya rarrafe daga cikin kabarin tuni yana da wata ɗaya. Da sun kai wata bakwai, yaran sun riga sun iya shiga cikin farauta gama gari, amma sun isa balaga ne kawai a shekaru biyu ko uku.
Makiya na halitta
Babban mai fafatawa da jan kerkeci a cikin yanayin yanayi na shekaru da yawa shine ɗan uwanta mai ruwan toka, saboda dalilai da yawa na ɗabi'a, gami da ƙwarewar farauta da ƙoshin lafiya. Yawan kerkeci masu launin toka suna ci gaba da haɓaka sosai kuma suna ƙaura da kerkeci da ke cikin haɗari a halin yanzu. Wani mawuyacin hali, mai haɗari mai haɗari yana gwagwarmayar rayuwa tare da lynx da damisar dusar ƙanƙara.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Red Wolves har yanzu batun zalunci ne daga masu farauta, don haka yanzu an gabatar da haramci kuma an gabatar da hukunce-hukunce masu ban sha'awa don harbi irin wannan mai cutarwa.
Cututtuka da yawa suna da mummunar tasiri a kan yawan kerkeci, daga cikinsu annoba da cutar hauka ke haifar da haɗari ga masu farautar. Halin mutane yana daɗa yanayin yanayin dabbar. Humansan adam suna haɓaka manyan yankuna akai-akai, wanda ke haifar da raguwar sanannun adadin manyan dabbobi masu ƙaho, ciki har da barewa da barewa. Tushen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ya girgiza ƙwarai a cikin yearsan shekarun nan, ya sa dabbobin sun mutu saboda yunwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
An rubuta jan kerkeci a cikin Littafin Ja na Tarayyar Rasha. A cikin Red List na IUCN, an sanya mai farautar matsayin “Speananan Dabbobi”. Matakan da aka tanada don adana jan kerkeci na yau da kullun ne, kuma a yankin ƙasarmu ana ɗaukar dabbar da ke farautar ta ƙarƙashin cikakkiyar kariya ta jihar.
An gano wuraren da yawan jan kerke ya wanzu. A cikin irin wadannan yankuna, an tsara wuraren bautar namun daji da kyau don kare mai farautar da dabbobin daji da ake amfani da su a matsayin ganima. Aikin wayar da kan jama'a da ke gudana na da nufin hana harbe-harbe cikin hadari ga jinsunan da ke cikin hatsari. Babu cikakkun bayanai kan yawan mutanen yanzu na jan kerkeci.
