Xoloitzcuintli, ko Sholoitzquintli (Xolo ko Sholo) ɗayan tsofaffi ne, a cewar masana kimiyya, nau'ikan halittu a duniya. An yarda da Mexico azaman mahaifar wakilan wannan nau'in, inda a yau irin waɗannan karnukan ke zama abin alfahari da dukiyar ƙasa.
Tarihin irin
Sunan nau'in "Sholoitzcuintli" ya fito ne daga sunan allah "Sholotl" da kalmar "Itscuintli", wanda ke nufin "kare na allahntaka"... Asalin nau'in ya samo asali ne sosai a tarihin Mexico, inda aka samu gawawwakin karnuka a wuraren da aka binne su a zamanin da, da kuma siffofin yumbu - hotunan Scholoitzcuintle. 'Yan ƙasar sun yaba da ɗanɗanar naman irin waɗannan karnukan, kuma wakilan jinsin da kansu an ɗauke su a matsayin manzannin duniya na allahn Sholotl.
Babban aikin Scholoitzcuintle shine rakiyar rayukan matattu zuwa ƙofar lahira. Shahararren mishan dan Franciscan, masanin ilmin halitta kuma masanin tarihi Bernardino de Sahagun ya ba da cikakken kwatancin wakilan kungiyar ta Scholoitzcuintle.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A halin yanzu, a cikin Meziko, akwai karnukan Sholo da ba su da gashi dubu da yawa, kuma an kawo wakilan farko na jinsi zuwa ƙasashen USSR a 1986 daga Cuba.
Yaƙin Spain da ya mamaye Mexico ya kasance halin halakarwa na Scholoitzcuintli, wanda galibi ana kiransa da abubuwan bautar gumaka. Da sauri sosai, Scholo ya kusan ɓacewa gaba ɗaya, amma tuni a cikin 1954, Norman Pel Wright yayi yunƙurin ceton nau'in. A karshen wannan, Wright ya tafi tsakiyar yankin Mexico, inda ya ziyarci mafi nisa kuma kauyuka suka manta da ƙauyukan Indiya. Norman ya sami damar cinikin karnukan karnuka goma biyu daga Indiyawa.
Zai yiwu a dawo da wakilan tsarkakakkun jinsin da sauri, saboda haka, tuni a cikin watan Mayu 1956, wani karnukan dan Mexico wanda yake tsirara an san shi a hukumance a wani wasan kwaikwayon a Mexico, kuma bayan shekaru hudu sai Hukumar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Mexico ta yi rijistar Shoo dozin tsarkaka huɗu. Bayan wasu shekaru biyar, yawan mutanen Shoitzcuintle a Meziko tuni sun ƙidaya tsarkakakkun mutane ɗari bakwai.
Bayanin Xoloitzcuintli
Hali ne mai mahimmanci, amma a lokaci guda, wasu baƙin abu na irin Sholo shine kusan cikakke ko rashin gashi, da fata mai laushi da taushi. Jikin Scholoitzcuintle yana tattare da yanayin daidaituwa, kirji mai ci gaba da faɗakar kirji, da dogayen ƙafafu da jela. An gabatar da nau'in a cikin nau'i biyu: karnuka marasa gashi da karnukan da aka rufe da ulu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Fata ta Sholo tana da kyau fiye da ta ɗumbin ulu, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar dawo da zafin kai tsaye, kuma guntun ɗumammu da membin memilaran suna sakin gumi.
Matsayi na asali
Dangane da rarrabuwa na FCI, Scholo na cikin rukuni na 5, wanda ya hada da Spitz da karnuka na zamani, da kuma karamin rukuni na 6, wanda ya hada da karnuka na zamani ba tare da gwajin aiki ba. Girma uku na karnukan da nau'in ya wakilta ya kamata su zama masu kyau da ƙarfi, na muscular, masu ƙanƙan da ƙanƙanci da murabba'i mai siffar.
Matsayin da aka amince da shi:
- kokon kai yana da karfi kuma mai fadi, mai siffar sifa, yana da kyau amma yana lura da tausa zuwa bakin fuska lokacin da aka kalleshi daga sama;
- ba a bayyana fitowar occipital sosai;
- layukan bakin fuska da na kwanya sun kusan daidaita a cikin martaba;
- an bayyana ƙafa sosai, amma haske;
- launi na hanci hanci ya dace da launi na kare;
- bakin bakin tsaye a bayyane, tare da murabba'i kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai babba da ƙananan jaws;
- harshe galibi ruwan hoda ne, amma alamun baƙi, zane-zane ko tabo na iya kasancewa;
- lebe matsattse da bushe;
- incisors suna haɗuwa daidai a cikin cizon almakashi, ƙoshin babba gabaɗaya ya rufe ƙananan;
- ga nau'ikan da ba su da gashi, an fi son cikakken saitin incisors;
- ƙasƙantar da kumatun kumatu;
- idanu masu matsakaiciyar girma, mai siffar almond a cikin sifa, tare da ma'anar hankali da faɗakarwa;
- launin ido ya dogara da launin fata kuma yana iya zama baƙi, launin ruwan kasa, ƙanƙara, amber ko rawaya;
- gashin ido yana da kyau mai launi, baƙi, launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka a cikin karnuka masu duhu, da ruwan hoda ko mai haske a cikin karnuka masu kalar haske;
- kunnuwa manya ne dogaye, masu bayyanawa, kalamai masu dadi, masu matukar kyau da kwatankwacin kunnuwan jemage, faɗakarwa, masu daidaituwa;
- wuyan an saita shi mai tsayi, mai santsi kuma busasshe, mai dan kaɗan-kaɗan, mai tsayi daidai gwargwado, mai sassauƙa kuma mai sirara, mai matuƙar kyau da muscular
- fata a cikin wuyan yanki yana da ƙarfi kuma mai yawa, ya dace sosai, ba tare da dewlap ba;
- jiki mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya har ma da layi na sama, gajere da ƙarfi, baya mai ƙarfi, jijiyoyin muscular;
- bayanan martaba na rukuni ya ɗan kaɗa, tare da gangaren kwance na kusan digiri 40;
- kirji mai faɗi mai kyau, ba mai fita ba, mai zurfi da doguwa, yana sauka ƙasa zuwa gwiwar hannu, tare da ɗan riƙaƙƙen ƙugu kuma ba a bayyana haƙarƙarinsa ba;
- ciki muscular ne kuma matsakaiciya a ɗora shi, tare da layin lafazi mai kyau;
- wutsiya tana taɓewa, siriri kuma doguwa, kasancewar halattattun ƙuƙummai na gashi ya halatta a cikin daidaikun mutane tsirara da cikar rufi da ulu a karnukan ulu;
- kafadu muscular ne kuma madaidaiciya;
- gwiwar hannu mara ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kusa da kirji, ba tare da juyawa waje ba;
- fastocin pasts suna da ƙarfi kuma kusan suna da alaƙa da ƙafafun kafa;
- paafaffun goshin suna na matsakaiciyar tsayi, tare da rufe yatsun ƙafafu masu lanƙwashe, tare da gammaye masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi sosai zuwa kowane wuri, haka kuma tare da ingantattun membranes masu haɗin kai;
- ƙafafun baya suna da ƙarfi, suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da musculature mai ƙarfi, tare da ƙyallen jijiyoyi da kuma haɗin gwiwa gwiwa mai matsakaici.
Ya kamata kare ya yi tafiya cikin 'yanci, cikin ladabi, tare da doguwar tafiya da fa'ida, kuma kifin ya zama mai sauri da santsi, tare da babban saitin jela da kai. Nau'in mara gashi mara kyau yana tattare da cikakken rashin gashi, mai saurin taɓawa da santsi ga taɓawa. Fatar mutane masu ulu suna da taushi, an rufe su da ulu.
Iri iri iri na Xolo ko Sholo suna wakiltar launuka masu zuwa:
- baƙi;
- zane;
- launin toka mai haske;
- launin toka mai duhu;
- jan kai;
- gyaran hanta;
- tagulla;
- fawn.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Bambanci tsakanin karamin, matsakaici da babba (misali) Sholo ko Xolo, kuma ta hanyar jima'i, manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin mutane suna cikin tsarin jiki: maza sun fi mata gajarta kaɗan.
Ba tare da la'akari da babban launi ba, an yarda da kasancewar tabo na kowane launi, gami da fararen alamu. Girman maza da macizai na rukunin "daidaitaccen" sune 46-60 cm. Tsayin da ke kan busassun dabbobi masu matsakaici ya bambanta tsakanin kewayon 36-45 cm. Don ƙananan wakilai na nau'in, girman da bai wuce 25-35 cm ba halaye ne.
Halin kare, hali
Scholoitzcuintles karnuka ne masu natsuwa da nutsuwa ba tare da alamun wata fitina mara motsawa ba. Irin wannan mai fara'a, mai faɗakarwa da saurin hankali, yana iya zama yana shakkar baƙi, saboda haka ya cancanci kasancewa cikin rukunin masu tsaro masu kyau da abokan zama.
Xolo yana jin yanayin mai shi, kuma yana iya sauƙaƙa sauƙaƙa da yanayin gidan gaba ɗaya. A ƙa'ida, karen wannan nau'in yana zaɓar mai shi guda ɗaya, amma yana da haƙuri da dukkan membobin gidan, gami da ƙananan yara da dabbobin da ba su da girma.
Tsawon rayuwa
Tare da bin ƙa'idojin kiyayewa, duk matakan rigakafi, da zaɓin ingantaccen abinci mai ƙoshin lafiya, matsakaiciyar rayuwar Xoloitzcuintle ta bambanta tsakanin shekaru 15-20, wanda wannan kyakkyawar alama ce ga karnuka.
Xoloitzcuintle abun ciki
Sholo, ko Xoloitzcuintle, suna cikin rukunin samfuran marasa ɗa'a, saboda haka basa buƙatar ƙwararren masani ko kulawa ta musamman. Yayin da suka girma, abu ne na dabi'a canza abinci, matakin kaya, da kuma horar da irin wannan dabbar gidan. Har ila yau ya zama dole a tsaftace tsafta da alamun kiwon dabbobin gidan. Gabaɗaya, a cewar masu Xolo, matsala tare da irin wannan kare bai fi kowace irin ba.
Kulawa da tsafta
Wakilai marasa gashi na Xoloitzcuintle ba su da gashin da ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da tsefewa, amma fatar irin wannan mai ƙafa huɗu tana buƙatar kulawa da kulawa. Xoloitzcuintles suna aiki sosai kuma suna wasa, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙwanƙwasawa, ƙyama da ƙujewa akan fata. Bugu da kari, dabbar na iya yin datti, wanda ya hada da wanka, wanda galibi yana tare da bushewar fata daga shamfu, sabulu ko bushewa.
Fata bushewar Sholo na iya haifar da ciwo a cikin dabbar dabbar, saboda haka, bayan yawan hanyoyin ruwa ba yawa, yana da muhimmanci a goge fatar kare da man na musamman.
Hakanan don wannan dalili, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da moisturizer tare da bitamin E ko man almond, wanda aka rarraba ko'ina cikin jikin kare. A lokacin rani, kafin tafiya, dole ne a kiyaye fatar dabbar da ke da ƙafa huɗu daga hasken rana kai tsaye tare da kirim na musamman.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wakilan tsirara na nau'in suna buƙatar siyan rigar tsalle ta musamman wacce za'a yi amfani da ita a kwanakin sanyi mai sanyi yayin tafiya.
Kunnuwan dabba suna da laushi sosai kuma suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, wanda dole ne a fara shi daga shekara wata uku, wanda ke ba da tabbacin matsayin su daidai. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya amfani da filastar manne kantin magani don gyara kunnuwa a cikin jihar da aka tashe. Ana tsabtace kunnuwa da idanu kawai yayin da suka zama datti, tare da mafita na musamman ko tafasasshen ruwa mai dumi. Wsusoshin ƙafa suna buƙatar gyara su da ƙusoshin kare na musamman, kusan sau ɗaya a wata. Ana goge hakoran yau da kullun, kuma idan ya cancanta, ana ba wa kare abinci mai tsafta ko magani.
Abinci, abinci
Xoloitzcuintle, tare da kowane kare, suna buƙatar wadataccen furotin, bitamin da ma'adinai. Koyaya, saboda rashin wasu hakora, da kuma yanayin dabi'ar kare ga gubar abinci, yana da matukar muhimmanci a bawa kulawa ta musamman ga abincin yau da kullun. Abincin irin wannan kare yakamata ya zama na halitta gabaɗaya, ba tare da kasancewar masu kiyayewa ko dyes a cikin abun ba.
Rigar abinci mai gwangwani tare da murƙushe mai kyau da daidaituwa mai kyau tana da kyau don ciyar da Xoloitzcuintle. Domin karfafa muƙamuƙi, ana ba da shawarar ciyar da dabbobinku lokaci-lokaci da ƙarancin abincin kare. Idan Xolo yana da cikakkun haƙoran haƙori, haka nan kuma idan babu wasu premolars, zai yiwu a yi amfani da tsarin ciyarwa na yau da kullun.
Wasu masana'antun ƙasashen waje a halin yanzu suna samar da nau'ikan abincin kare, wanda aka tsara don Xoloitzcuintle. An haramta shi sosai don ciyar da dabbobi mai ƙafa huɗu daga tebur, wanda aka bayyana shi ba kawai ta ɓangaren kulawar kare ba, har ma da kulawa da lafiyar Xolo. Kwararren likitan dabbobi zai taimake ka ka zaɓi abincin da ya fi dacewa ga dabbobin gidanka.
Cututtuka da lahani na asali
La'akari da gaskiyar cewa zaɓin nau'in Xoloitzcuintle ya faru a cikin cikakkiyar hanya ta ɗabi'a, ba tare da tsangwama daga waje ba, karnuka masu sanƙo suna da ƙoshin lafiya. Cututtukan gado sun hada da:
- dermatitis sakamakon rashin cin abinci mara kyau ko kulawa;
- halayen rashin lafiyan;
- haɗarin rauni ga fata;
- Lagga-Calva-Perthes cuta, mai kamanceceniya da bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti da alamomi na dysplasia na hip tare da raunin da yawa na haɗin gwiwa ɗaya.
Za a iya gabatar da lahani na asali:
- fadi da kai sosai;
- danye, ratsewa, ko kuma kunkuntar fata a cikin manya;
- dewlap mai yawa;
- haske ma, zagaye ko kumbura idanu;
- arched (lordosis) ko convex (kyphosis) baya;
- croup mai haske;
- isar da saniya;
- tam karkatacciyar wutsiya tana faɗuwa a baya;
- gajeren wutsiya;
- sako-sako da hannaye;
- doguwar jiki mai gajerun gaɓoɓi.
Rashin cancantar halaye sun haɗa da tsoro da zalunci, bayyananniyar ɗabi'a da karkacewar jiki. Karnuka masu ba da rai, da kuma mutanen da ke fama da makanta ko kurma, ba su cancanta ba. Karnuka masu baki ko bakin ciki, da alamar bayyanawar muƙamuƙi, cizon talakawa (rauni), lalataccen harshe, kunnuwa masu ƙwanƙwasa ko raguwa, gajere ko wutsiya ba a yarda su nuna ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Rashin ƙarancin numfashi da saurin numfashi alama ce ta keɓaɓɓiyar nau'in Xoloitzcuintle.
Hakanan rashin cancantar su ne shuɗi ko idanu masu launuka iri-iri, albiniyanci, tsayi da gajere, da kowane sutura ban da santsi ko gajere. Rashin wasu incisors, canines, premolars, molar in the Xoloitzcuintle, ko haƙoran da ba a buɗe ba, ba a hukunta su, tunda karnuka da yawa ba su da tushen haƙori mai zurfi. A dabi'ance, rashin gashi yana da alaƙa da rashin haƙoran hakora.
Ilimi da horo
Duk wakilan Xoloitzcuintle suna da halaye na masu hankali kuma koyaushe suna buɗewa don sadarwa tare da karnukan maigidansu, don haka irin waɗannan dabbobi masu ƙafa huɗu ba su da wahalar horo kuma suna da sauƙin koyar da umarni da yawa. Koyaya, masu Xolo suna buƙatar nuna ƙarfi, juriya da halaye na jagoranci yayin aiwatar da ilimi da horo. In ba haka ba, haɗarin matsalolin rikice-rikice iri iri a cikin kare yana ƙaruwa sosai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yana da matukar mahimmanci a hana faɗawar Xoloitzcuintle tare da wasu dabbobin gida ko na karnuka, wanda hakan ya samo asali ne daga haɗarin samuwar tabo da yawa marasa kyawu akan fata mai laushi waɗanda ba a rufe su da gashi.
Xoloitzcuintles a dabi'ance yanada hankali sosai, kuma yana da kyakkyawar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, don haka sarrafa umarni mai sauƙi daga kwas ɗin horo na gaba baya haifar da matsaloli. Wajibi ne don fara horo da kiwon irin wannan gidan mai ƙafa huɗu daga ƙuruciya.
Xolo dole ne ya saba da wurinsa da laƙabi a cikin kwanakin farko bayan daidaitawa. Gabaɗaya wakilan da ke da ladabi na irin na iya zama ainihin masifa. Irin wannan kare ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar ɗabi'a mara iko da son sani, wanda zai iya cutar da dabbar da kanta.
Sayi Xoloitzcuintle
Akedan Mexico tsirara nau'in kare ne mai matukar wuya a cikin ƙasarmu, don haka waɗanda suke son mallakar dabbar Xoloitzcuintle mai saukin kai galibi sukan juya zuwa wuraren nursan na kasashen waje don taimako.
Abin da za a nema
Bayan zaɓar gidan kare ko mai kiwo, yana da mahimmanci a kula sosai da yanayin da ake kiyaye karnukan kiwo da zuriyarsu.... Hakanan yana da kyau a san iyayen da aka zaɓa kwikwiyo, don lura da halayensu a cikin yanayin sanannun karnuka.
Ba ƙaramin mahimmanci bane bayyanar da halayen Xolo kwikwiyo kanta. Dabbar ya kamata ta zama mai da hankali kuma ba mai tsoro ba, mai aiki, amma ba ta da rikici, tare da kyakkyawan ci, haka kuma tare da waje wanda yake daidai da nau'in.Puananan puan kwikwiyon Xoloitzcuintle suna da halayyar halayya a cikin yanki, wanda ke ɓacewa tare da shekaru a cikin tsarkakakkun mutane.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wasu daga cikin matsalolin da ke tattare da lafiyar Xolo ba za a iya gano su ba har zuwa shekaru biyu, tun da yake bayyanuwarsu galibi ana danganta ta da dabbar gidan har zuwa balaga.
Halin kwikwiyo na ɗabi'a kai tsaye ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, gami da ba gado kawai ba, har ma da horo, horo, da kuma zama tare da dacewa da dacewa. An kwikwiyo masu kyawawan halaye, an rarrabe su ta hanyar wasa na asali, kada ku tsoratar da danginsu, amma kar ku ɓoye musu a cikin wani kwana.
Za a iya wakiltar lahani na kiwon lafiya ta ciki mai kumburi, yaɗa fata, fitarwa daga kunnuwa ko hanci, da idanun ruwa. Wajibi ne a bincika kogon baka na Xoloitzcuintle puppy, a hankali bincika cizon, yanayin hakora da cingam, sannan kuma a tabbata cewa babu wani tambari a kan harshen. Game da kowane, ko da ɗan shakku game da lafiyar kwikwiyo, ya kamata ku ƙi sayan sa.
Farashin ɗan kwikwiyo na asali
Matsakaicin farashi na kwikwiyo na Xoloitzcuintle ya fito ne daga 15-20 zuwa dubu dubu 50, amma zai iya zama mafi girma. A yayin aiwatar da farashi don wakilan irin wannan nau'in, dole ne a yi la'akari da shekarun dabbar, ajinta, fasali na waje, asalinsu da wasu abubuwan.
Binciken mai shi
Karnukan Xoloitzcuintle ba wai kawai suna da sabon abu mai ban mamaki da ban dariya ba, amma kuma suna da suna don tunkude mugayen ruhohi. A cikin ƙasarmu, wakilan wannan nau'in sun bayyana ba da daɗewa ba, amma sun riga sun sami nasarar jin tausayin masu kiwon kare.
A cewar masu mallakar Xolo, karnukan manya na wannan jinsin suna da nutsuwa sosai kuma sun fi son nisantar baki, yayin da suke kulawa da danginsu. Yawo na yau da kullun ko wasanni masu ƙarfi na iya gamsar da buƙatun dabbobi mai ƙafa huɗu don motsa jiki, kuma sauran lokaci, irin waɗannan karnukan sun fi son nutsuwa a wurin su ko kusa da mai su.
Duk da cewa nau'in Xoloitzcuintle na cikin nau'ikan marasa matsala ta fuskar halaye da ɗabi'a, irin waɗannan dabbobi masu ƙafa huɗu suna buƙatar zamantakewar wuri da ilimi mai ƙwarewa. Dabbobin gidan da ke cikin talauci na iya zama masu zafin rai ga baƙi ko dabbobi... Willarfin ƙarfi kawai, da kuma kyakkyawar hannu, za su ba da damar haɓaka mai ladabi da biyayya, kare da aminci ga mai shi.
