Tarbosaurs wakilai ne na jinsin manya-manyan dabbobi, masu kama da dinosaur daga dangin Tyrannosaurid, wadanda suka rayu a zamanin Cretaceous na sama a yankunan kasar China da Mongolia ta yanzu. Tarbosaurs ya wanzu, a cewar masana kimiyya, kimanin shekaru miliyan 71-65 da suka wuce. Jinsi Tarbosaurus na ƙungiyar Lizard ne, masu rarrafe aji, dinosaurs na sarki, da Theropods da kuma babban dangin Tyrannosaurus.
Bayanin Tarbosaurus
Duk wasu 'yan tsirarun da aka gano tun 1946 wanda mallakar wasu mutane da yawa na Tarbosaurus ne suka ba da damar sake fasalin bayyanar wannan katuwar kwarya da kuma yanke wasu shawarwari game da salon rayuwarta da canje-canjenta a tsarin juyin halitta. Haɓakawa cikin girma ga zalunci, tarbosaurs har yanzu suna ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan zalunci a wannan lokacin.
Bayyanar, girma
Tarbosaurs sun fi kusa da zalunci a cikin bayyanar su fiye da Albertosaurus ko Gorgosaurus... Babban ƙadangare ya rarrabe ta babban kundin tsarin mulki, babban kwanya kuma gwargwado, isasshen iliums, idan aka kwatanta da wakilan reshe na biyu na dangin masu tasowa, gami da Gorgosaurus da Albertosaurus. Wasu masu bincike sunyi la'akari da T. bataar a matsayin ɗayan nau'ikan tyrannosaurs. Wannan ra'ayi ya faru nan da nan bayan ganowa, da kuma a wasu nazarin na gaba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sai kawai ta hanyar gano wani tsari na biyu na kayan tarihin wanda aka danganta shi da sabon nau'in Alioramus ne aka tabbatar da cewa Alioramus ya kasance jinsin halittu na daban wanda ya sha bamban da Tarbosaurus.
Tsarin kwarangwal na Tarbosaurus ya kasance mai ƙarfi sosai. Launin fatar fatar, tare da tyrannosaurs, ya ɗan bambanta kaɗan dangane da yanayi da yanayin. Girman kadangarun sun kasance masu ban sha'awa. Tsawon mutum baligi ya kai mita goma sha biyu, amma a matsakaita, irin waɗannan dabbobin ba su wuce mita 9.5 ba. Tsayin tarbosaurs ya kai 580 cm tare da matsakaicin nauyin jikinsa ya kai tan 4.5-6.0. , mafi girman girman, tsayinsa yakai 125-130 cm.
Ire-iren wadannan dabbobin suna da kyakkyawan yanayin daidaito, amma kadangaru kuma yana da ji mai kyau da jin wari, wanda hakan yasa kawai ya zama mafarautan da babu kamarsa. Babbar dabbar tana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, sanye take da adadi mai yawa ƙwarai hakora. Tarbosaurus ya kasance kasancewar kasancewar gajeren ƙafa biyu na gaba, wanda ya ƙare a cikin yatsun kafa biyu tare da farata. Legsafafun baya biyu masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi na mai farautar sun ƙare da yatsun hannu uku. Daidaitaccen lokacin tafiya da gudu an samar dashi da isasshen doguwar wutsiya.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Tarbosaurs na Asiya, tare da masu kama-karya na alaƙa, a cikin dukkanin manyan abubuwan da suke da su suna cikin rukunin masu cin karensu ba babbaka. Koyaya, a cewar wasu masana kimiyya, a wasu matakai na rayuwarsu, manyan kadangaru suna da karfin farauta tare da mahalli na kusa dasu.
Mafi yawancin lokuta, manyan masu farautar farauta sun yi farauta biyu-biyu tare da namiji ko mace, haka kuma tare da yaran da suka girma. Bugu da ƙari, an ɗauka cewa ƙarancin ƙarni na iya ciyarwa da koyo a cikin irin waɗannan rukunin wasu daga cikin abubuwan yau da kullun na hanyoyin abinci da tsarin rayuwa.
Tsawon rayuwa
A shekarar 2003, wani shirin fim mai taken In the Land of Giants ya fito a tashar BBC. Tarbosaurs ya bayyana kuma an dauke shi a bangare na biyu - "The Giant Claw", inda masana kimiyya suka bayyana ra'ayoyi game da tsaka-tsakin rayuwar irin wadannan dabbobi. A ra'ayinsu, ƙadangan kadangaru sun rayu kimanin shekaru ashirin da biyar, matsakaicin shekaru talatin.
Jima'i dimorphism
Matsalolin kasancewar dimorphism a cikin dinosaur sun kasance masu sha'awar masanan cikin gida da na waje sama da shekaru saba'in, amma a yau babu wata yarjejeniya kan siffofin da ke ba da damar bambance mace da namiji ta hanyar bayanan waje.
Tarihin ganowa
A zamanin yau, nau'in da kawai aka sani shi ne Tarbosaurus bataar, kuma a karon farko an gano Tarbosaurs a lokacin balaguron Soviet-Mongolian zuwa Umnegov aimag da Nemegt. Abubuwan da aka samo a wancan lokacin, wanda aka samu wakiltar ta da kwanyar kansa da kuma kashin baya, ya samar da abinci don tunani. Sanannen masanin binciken burbushin halittar nan na Rasha Yevgeny Maleev da farko ya gano irin wannan binciken ne bisa wasu bayanai a matsayin wani sabon nau'in zalunci na Arewacin Amurka - Tyrannosaurus bataar, wanda hakan ya kasance ne saboda yawan adadin abubuwan da aka saba da su. An sanya wannan holotype lambar ganewa - PIN 551-1.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin 1955, Maleev ya bayyana wasu kwanyar uku mallakar na Tarbosaurus. Dukansu an haɗa su da gutsutsuren kwarangwal waɗanda aka samo a lokacin yawon shakatawa na kimiyya iri ɗaya. A lokaci guda, ƙananan ƙananan girma suna halayyar waɗannan mutane uku.
Samfurin tare da lambar tantancewa PIN 551-2 ta sami takamaiman sunan Tyrannosaurus efremovi, don girmama shahararren marubucin almara na Rasha kuma masanin burbushin halittu Ivan Efremov. Samfurori tare da lambobin ganewa PIN 553-1 da PIN 552-2 da aka sanya wa wani jinsi na Ba'amurke tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus an kira su Gorgosаurus lancinator da Gorgosаurus novojilovi, bi da bi.
Duk da haka, tuni a shekara ta 1965, wani masanin burbushin halittu dan kasar Rasha Anatoly Rozhdestvensky ya gabatar da wani zato wanda duk irin samfurin da Maleev yayi bayaninsu iri daya ne, wanda yake a matakai daban daban na girma da cigaba. A kan wannan, a karon farko, masana kimiyya suka kammala cewa duk abubuwan da ake kira theropods ba, a takaice, abin da ake kira azzalumi ne na asali ba.
Shine sabon jinsin Rozhdestvensky wanda aka sanya masa suna Tarbosaurus, amma asalin sunan wannan nau'in ba'a barshi canzawa ba - Tarbosaurus bataar. A halin yanzu, an riga an sake saka hannun jari tare da sabbin abubuwan da aka samo daga hamada Gobi. Yawancin marubuta sun fahimci daidaitattun abubuwan da Rozhdestvensky ya yanke, amma har yanzu ba a sanya ma'anar ganowa ba.
Cigaban labarin ya faru ne a shekarar 1992, lokacin da masanin binciken burbushin halittu dan kasar Amurka Kenneth Carpenter, wanda akai-akai yana nazarin dukkan kayan da aka tattara, ya bada matsaya a kan cewa bambance-bambancen da masanin kimiyyar Rozhdestvensky ya bayar basu isa su bambance mai farautar zuwa wani jinsi ba. Ba'amurken nan Kenneth Carpenter ne ya goyi bayan duk shawarwarin farko da Maleev ya ɗauka.
A sakamakon haka, duk samfuran tarbosaur da ake da su a wannan lokacin dole ne a sake danganta su ga Tyrannosaurus bataar. Ban da shi shi ne tsohon Gorgosaurus novojilovi, wanda Masassaƙi ya keɓe a matsayin ɗan asalin Maleevosaurus mai zaman kansa (Maleevosaurus novojilovi).
Yana da ban sha'awa! Duk da cewa a halin yanzu ba a fahimci Tarbosaurs sosai ba, kamar Tyrannosaurs, an tattara kyakkyawan tushe a cikin shekaru, wanda ya ƙunshi kimanin talatin na samfura, gami da kwanya goma sha biyar da kwarangwal da yawa na bayan gida.
Koyaya, Shekarun aikin Masassaƙa bai sami tallafi mai faɗi ba a ɓangarorin kimiyya. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarshen karni na 20, masanin burbushin halittu Ba'amurke Thomas Carr ya gano ɗan yaro Tarbosaurus a cikin Maleevosaurus. Don haka, yawancin masana a wannan lokacin sun yarda da Tarbosaurus a matsayin ɗayan ɗaiɗai mai zaman kansa, sabili da haka Tarbosaurus bataar an ambaci su a cikin sabbin kwatancin kuma a cikin yawancin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya da ƙasashen waje.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Bazuwar tarbosaurs ta zama gama gari a yankunan da China da Mongolia suka mamaye yanzu. Irin waɗannan ƙananan zan kwari masu yawa suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka. A lokacin rani, tarbosaurs, wanda dole ne ya katse kowane irin abinci a cikin mawuyacin lokaci, da alama za su iya hawa har cikin ruwan tabkuna masu zurfin ciki, inda aka sami kunkuru, kada, da kuma saurin caenagnatids.
Abincin Tarbosaurus
Akwai kusan hakora shida a bakin ƙadangaren tarbosaurus, wanda tsawonsa aƙalla ya kai kusan 80-85 mm... Dangane da zato na wasu sanannun masana, ƙattai masu cin nama sun kasance masu sintiri na yau da kullun. Ba za su iya yin farauta da kansu ba, amma suna cin mushen dabbobin da suka riga suka mutu. Masana kimiyya sunyi bayanin wannan hujja ta hanyar tsarin jikinsu. Ta mahangar kimiyya, wannan jinsin kadangaru masu neman farauta, a matsayinsu na wakilan manyan biranen duniya, ba su san yadda za su iya hanzarin isa a doron kasa ba wajen bin abin da suke kama.
Tarbosaurs yana da babban nauyin jiki, sabili da haka, kasancewar ya sami ci gaba mai yawa a yayin gudanar da aikin, irin wannan babban mai cutar zai iya faɗuwa da karɓar munanan raunuka. Yawancin masana burbushin halittu sunyi imanin cewa mafi girman saurin da kadangaru ya kirkira bazai wuce kilomita 30 / h ba. Irin wannan saurin a fili ba zai isa ga mai farauta ya yi nasarar farautar farauta ba. Bugu da kari, tsoffin kadangaru suna da karancin gani da gajerun kasusuwa. Irin wannan tsarin a fili yana nuna tsananin jinkirin da kasalar Tarbosaurs.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An zaci cewa tarbosaurs na iya farautar tsoffin dabbobi kamar saurolophus, opistocelicaudia, protoceratops, therizinosaurus da erlansaurus.
Duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin masu binciken sun kasafta tarbosaurs a matsayin masu shara, abin da yafi dacewa shi ne cewa irin wadannan kadangaru masu cin karensu babu babbaka, sun mamaye daya daga cikin manya-manyan muhallin halittu, sannan kuma sun samu nasarar farautar dinosaur masu girman ciyawar zama a cikin daushen kogunan ruwa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Wata mace balagaggiyar mace Tarbosaurus ta sanya ƙwai da yawa, waɗanda aka sanya su a cikin wani gida da aka riga aka shirya kuma ƙaton mahaukaci ya kiyaye shi sosai. Bayan haihuwar jariran, dole ne mace ta bar su ta je neman abinci mai yawa. Mahaifiyar ta ciyar da zuriyarta da kanta, ta sake jujjuya naman dinosaur na ciyawar da aka kashe. An ɗauka cewa mace za ta iya sake sarrafa kusan kilogram talatin ko arba'in na abinci a lokaci guda.
A cikin gidajan, 'ya'yan Tarbosaurus suma suna da matsayi na musamman... A lokaci guda, ƙaramin ƙadangarun ba sa iya kusanto abinci har sai 'yan uwan sun sami cikakkiyar gamsuwa. Tunda tsofaffin Tarbosaurs koyaushe suna kori mafi rauni da ƙarami daga zuriya daga abinci, jimillar yawan yaran da ke cikin dabbobin a hankali yakan ragu. A yayin aiwatar da wani nau'ikan zabin yanayi, sai kawai 'yan Tarbosaurs masu sa'a da karfi suka balaga suka sami' yencin kai.
'Ya'yan tarbosaurus' yan watanni biyu sun riga sun kai tsawon santimita 65-70, amma ba ƙananan kwafin iyayensu bane. Abubuwan da aka samo a farko sun nuna a sarari cewa ƙaramin tyrannosaurids yana da manyan bambance-bambance daga manya. Daidai saboda gaskiyar cewa an gano kwarangwal din Tarbosaurus kusan cikakke tare da kwanyar da aka kiyaye shi sosai, masana kimiyya sun iya kimanta irin waɗannan bambance-bambancen sosai, tare da tunanin salon rayuwar matasa.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Pterodactyl
- Megalodon
Misali, har zuwa kwanan nan ba a bayyana sosai ba ko yawan hakora masu kaifi da karfi a cikin tarbosaurs ya kasance na tsawon rayuwar irin wadannan dinosaur din. Wasu masana binciken burbushin halittu sunyi zaton cewa da shekaru, yawan hakora a cikin irin wadannan dinosaur din ya ragu. Koyaya, a cikin wasu san ƙabilar Tarbosaurus, yawan haƙoran sun yi daidai da yawansu a cikin manya da ƙuruciya irin wannan jinsin. Marubutan nazarin kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa wannan gaskiyar ta karyata tunanin da aka yi game da canjin adadin hakora a cikin wakilan shekaru na tyrannosaurids.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Matasan tarbosaurs, mai yiwuwa, sun mallaki gibi na abin da ake kira ƙananan mafarauta waɗanda ke farautar ƙadangare, ƙananan ƙananan dinosaur, da kuma, mai yuwuwa, dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Dangane da salon rayuwar ƙarama azzalumai, a halin yanzu ana iya cewa tare da cikakkiyar kwarin gwiwa cewa tarbosaurs matasa ba sa bin iyayensu a sarari, amma sun gwammace su rayu su sami abinci su kaɗai. Wasu masana kimiyya yanzu suna ba da shawarar cewa samari masu tarbosaurs ba za su taɓa haɗuwa da manya ba, wakilan jinsinsu. Babu gasa don farauta tsakanin manya da yara. Kamar ganima, samari masu tarbosaurs suma basu da sha'awar lalatattun ɓarnar masu lalata.
Makiya na halitta
Dabbobin dinosaur masu cin nama sun kasance manyan mutane, don haka a cikin yanayin yanayi tarbosaurs ba su da abokan gaba... Koyaya, ana ɗauka cewa wataƙila an sami rikici tare da wasu manyan filayen makwabta, waɗanda suka haɗa da Velociraptors, Oviraptors, da Shuvuya.
