Ba da dadewa ba, bin jan fanda, masu yawon bude ido sun sami sabon abu don sujada - binturong, cat mai ban dariya ko bear marten. Yana da ban mamaki me yasa ba alade beyar ba: rarrafe ta cikin bishiyoyi, Binturongs yakan yi taushi.
Bayanin binturong
Mai farauta tare da sunan Latin Arctictis binturong yana wakiltar civerrids, ba raccoons ba, kamar yadda aka zata a baya, kuma shine kawai jinsin halittar Arctictis (binturongs). Sunan laƙabin "kyanwar diyar" an bayar da shi ne saboda ihun da kyanwar take yi, wanda a kan kara masa saurin tafiya (cikakkiyar ƙafa a ƙasa).
Bayyanar
Binturong, yana da nauyin kilogram 10 zuwa 20, kwatankwacin girmansa da babban kare... Dabba babba tana girma har zuwa mita 0.6-1, kuma wannan ba ya haɗa da jela, wanda yake daidai da tsayi zuwa jiki.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wutsiya mai kauri mai kauri wacce take da ƙwarewa ita ce mafi girman ɓangaren jikin kyanwa kuma, a zahiri, ƙafarta ta biyar (ko hannu?) Kinkajou da ke zaune a Amurka ne kawai ke da irin wannan wutsiyar. Binturong shine kadai mai cin kashin da ya fi so daga Tsohuwar Duniya.
Gashi mafi tsawo kuma mafi tsauri tana girma akan wutsiyar binturong (wuta a gindin ƙasa), kuma gabaɗaya rigar tasa tana da kauri, taƙama da yalwa. An lullube jikin da dogon gashi mai sheki, galibi mai laushi, gauraye da furfura (abin da masoyan kare ke kira "gishiri da barkono"). Hakanan akwai mutane masu launin toka mai duhu tare da haɗakarwa ba ta fari kawai ba, amma launin shuɗi mai launin toka ko rawaya.
An saita jiki mai tsayi akan ƙananan gaɓoɓi masu faɗi tare da yatsun kafa 5 masu yatsa. Manyan fuka-fukan fuka-fuka zuwa hanci baki, ta hanya, suna yawan tunowa da kare - makwancin sa kamar sanyi da danshi. Fiye da duka, ana bayyana launi "gishiri da barkono" a kan kai da bakin bakinsa: wuya mai saurin fitowa, da kuma gefunan waje na auricles da girare, an yayyafa su da farin "gishiri".
Binturong yana da zagaye, idanu masu duhu masu duhu tare da gajere mai laushi da hakora 40 tare da haƙoran canine mai inimimita 1.5. Kyanwar tana da kunnuwa masu kyau, zagaye, a saman wacce dogon gashin gashi yake girma. Ganin Binturong da ji basu da kyau kamar ƙanshin su da taɓa su. Dabbar tana shakar kowane sabon abu a hankali, ta amfani da doguwar vibrissae don taɓawa.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Binturong dabba ce ta dare, amma kusancin mutane ya koya masa yin aiki da rana. Kifin Kifi ya fi son kaɗaici, yana haɗuwa kawai don haifuwa: a wannan lokacin suna ƙirƙirar nau'i-nau'i har ma suna haɗuwa a cikin manyan al'ummomi, inda mace ke jagorantar su. Kyanwar da ke zaune a cikin bishiyoyi, wanda aikin jiki na tsokoki / ƙashi a cikin ɗamarar kafaɗa, wanda ke da alhakin motsi na gaban goshi.
Mahimmanci! Hakanan an shirya gabobin da ban sha'awa: na gaba an daidaita su don tono, hawa, kwasowa da bude 'ya'yan itatuwa, kuma na baya suna aiki ne a matsayin tallafi da daidaitawa yayin dagawa.
Lokacin hawa ko shawagi a kan reshe, binturong yana amfani da dukkan yatsun ƙafafun kafa na gaba (ba tare da adawa ba), sabanin yatsun ƙafafun kafa na baya. Kyanwa na iya juya duwaiwan kafa na baya (a matsayinka na mai mulki, yayin da take tafiya gaba da kasa) domin mannewa a jikin akwatin tare da farcen.
Hakanan ana bayar da hawa kyauta kyauta ga farkon wutsiyar, wanda ke sanya binturong a hankali yana rarrafe tare da sanduna da rassan (kuma ba tsalle kamar sauran viverrids). Saukowa zuwa ƙasa, maƙerin kuma baya sauri, amma ya sami saurin tashin hankali, ya tsinci kansa a cikin ruwa, inda yake nuna kyawawan halaye na mai ninkaya da mai nutsar da ruwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An cire sirrin mai (civet) daga glandon endocrine, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin kayan kamshi don bada juriya ga ƙamshin turare da turare. Tunanin cewa asirin binturong yana kamshi kamar soyayyen popcorn ana daukar sa da rikici.
A cikin daji, alamun ƙamshi (waɗanda suka bar maza da mata) suna aiki a matsayin masu ganowa, suna gaya wa tribesan uwanmu game da shekarun Binturong, jinsi, da kuma shirye don saduwa. Alamar reshe a tsaye, dabbar tana latse masa dubura, yana jan jiki sama. An yi alamar rassa na diagonal daban - dabbar tana kwance a bayansa, ta rufe reshen tare da gabanta na gaba kuma yana jan kanta, yana danna shi akan gland din.
Maza kuma suna yiwa yankin alama da fitsari, suna jika ƙafafunsu / wutsiya, sannan kuma suna hawa itace... Dabbobi suna da paletin sauti mai faɗi, wanda, tare da gamsuwa da rawar murya, ya haɗa da kuka, kururuwa da gurnani mara daɗi. Shaidun gani da ido sun yi iƙirarin cewa ɗan kuruɗen da ya gamsu da rayuwa na iya yin dariya, kuma wanda ya fusata zai iya ihu da ƙarfi.
Har yaushe Binturong ke rayuwa?
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, wakilan jinsin suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 10, amma suna kara lokacin zama a duniya da sau 2-2.5 da zaran sun fada hannun kirki - ga masu zaman kansu ko kuma gidajen zoo. An san cewa ana ajiye Binturongs a wuraren shakatawar dabbobi a cikin Berlin, Dortmund, Duisburg, Malacca, Seoul da Sydney. A cikin gidan namun daji a Thailand, kuliyoyi sun koyi yin hoto a gaban kyamara kuma suna tsayayya da zaman hoto na tsawon lokaci, suna ba da izinin yin baƙin ƙarfe da matsewa na awanni.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dabbobin suna zaune akan hannayensu, kuma galibi suna hawa kan wuya da kafaɗun baƙi, kuma basa taɓa ƙi jin daɗi. Masu yawon bude ido suna ciyar da kuliyoyi da ayaba da zaƙi (marshmallows, muffins, pies mai zaki da milkshakes).
Saurin kuzari yana haifar da karuwa a cikin glucose na jini, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dabbobi suka fara briskly tsalle da gudu, duk da haka, da zaran recharge ya ƙare (yawanci bayan awa daya), suka fadi kuma barci a wuri.
Jima'i dimorphism
A cikin balagar mace, nonuwan nono biyu an banbanta su a sarari. Hakanan, mata sun fi na maza yawa kuma suna da girma, irin na azzakari. Wannan fasalin al'aurar mata ya samo asali ne daga tsarin duwawun mahaifa, wanda yake dauke da kashi. Kari akan haka, ana iya gano dimorphism na jima'i a launi - mata a wasu lokuta suna da launi fiye da na maza (ba baki sosai ba kamar launin toka).
Binturong rabe-rabe
Dogaro da tsarin, akwai nau'ikan 9 ko 6 na Arctictis binturong... Mafi sau da yawa magana game da shida, tunda wasu ƙananan raƙuman da aka gabatar, misali, A. b. kerkhoveni daga Indonesia da A. fararen fata daga Philippines (islandungiyar tsibirin Palawan) suna da matatattun jeri.
Recognizedananan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na binturong sune:
- A. binturong albifrons;
- A. binturong binturong;
- A. binturong menglaensis;
- A. binturong kerkhoveni;
- A. binturong whitei;
- A. binturong penicillatus.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Binturong mazaunin kudu maso gabashin Asiya ne. A nan zangonsa ya faro daga Indiya zuwa tsibirin Indonesiya da Philippine.
Kasashen da binturong ke faruwa:
- Bangladesh da Bhutan;
- China, Kambodiya da Indiya;
- Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan da Sumatra);
- Jamhuriyar Lao;
- Malaysia (Malacca Peninsula, Sabah da Sarawak);
- Myanmar, Philippines da Nepal;
- Thailand da Vietnam.
Binturongs suna zaune cikin dazuzzuka da yawa.
Abincin Binturong
Kyanwar da ke da kitsen tana da wani tsari wanda ba a saba gani ba, idan ka tuna na na masu farauta ne: ya kunshi 70% na ciyayi kuma kashi 30% na sunadaran sunadaran.
Gaskiya ne, abincin Binturongs ya bambanta ta hanyar haɓaka iri-iri, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar ƙwarewar su ta duniya - dabbobi suna hawa bishiyoyi, suna tafiya a ƙasa, suna iyo da kuma nutsuwa da ban mamaki. Binturongs galibi suna fisge abincin da suka fi so, 'ya'yan itatuwa, ba tare da ƙafafunsu ba, amma tare da wutsiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kwari, kwadi, kifi, molluscs, crustaceans har ma da gawar sune masu samar da sunadaran dabba. Binturongs sun lalata gidajen tsuntsaye ta hanyar cin ƙwai da kajin.
Yunwa, za su iya shiga cikin gidajen mutane, amma ba a kai hari ga mutane. A cikin fursuna, rabon shuka da kayan dabba ya kasance iri ɗaya: yawancin menu sun shagaltar da 'ya'yan itace masu zaƙi kamar ayaba, peaches da cherries. Lokacin da aka ajiye su a gidan namun daji da a gida, ana ba Binturongs ƙwai kwarto da suka fi so da kuma kaza / turkey fillet da kifi. Kar a manta cewa kuliyoyi dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, wanda ke nufin ba za su ba da naman madara ba.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Feveraunar zazzabi tana kiyaye Binturongs duk shekara, fiye da yanayi... Jima'i hakika an fara wasannin nishaɗi tare da guje-guje da tsalle. Lokacin saduwa, mace lokaci-lokaci tana rungumar jikin abokin, tana latsa jelarta a kan gindin wutsiyarsa. Kafin ta haihu, mace takan shirya gida gida a cikin aminci daga makiya, galibi a cikin rami. Ciki yana dauke da kwanaki 84-999, kuma mafi yawan haihuwar na faruwa ne a watan Janairu - Afrilu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mace tana haihuwar 1 zuwa 6 (a matsakaita biyu) makafi kurame, kowane ɗayansu nauyinsa ya wuce 300. Yaran da aka haifa na iya yin ihu kuma suyi ihu, kuma bayan awa ɗaya suna manne da mama.
A makonni 2-3 na haihuwa, jariran sun fara gani sosai kuma sun riga sun iya rarrafe daga cikin gida, suna rakiyar mahaifiya. Da makonni 6-8, suna samun nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 2: a wannan lokacin, uwar tana tsayar da lactation, kuma tana fara ciyar da yaranta da abinci mai ƙarfi.
Af, macen Binturong ba ta korar namiji bayan ta haihu (wanda ba shi da kyau ga viverrids), kuma yana taimaka mata ta kula da diyan. Barin gida, wasu mata suna yiwa 'ya'yansu alama. Haihuwa a cikin mata na faruwa ne har tsawon watanni 30, a cikin maza kaɗan - kafin watanni 28. Ayyukan haifuwa a cikin wakilan jinsin sun ci gaba har zuwa shekaru 15.
Makiya na halitta
Kamar yawancin wyverds, binturongs, musamman ma matasa da masu rauni, suna fuskantar barazanar manyan filaye / masu farauta:
- damisa;
- damisa;
- jaguars;
- shaho;
- kadarori;
- karnukan feral;
- macizai.
Amma babban Binturong zai iya tsayawa don kansa. Idan ka tura shi cikin wani lungu, shi maƙaryaci ne kuma yana ciwu sosai.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Arctictis binturong yana cikin Lissafin Lissafi na Duniya na Matsayin rauni kuma yana cikin Shafi na III na Yarjejeniyar CITES. An gano jinsin a matsayin mai rauni saboda fiye da kashi 30% na raguwar mutane a cikin shekaru 18 da suka gabata. Babban barazanar sune lalata mahalli (sare dazuzzuka), farauta da fatauci. Mazaunan Binturong na yau da kullun suna canza manufar su, misali, ana canza su zuwa gonakin dabino.
A arewacin kewayon (arewacin kudu maso gabashin Asiya da China), ana gudanar da farauta mara izini da kasuwancin binturongs... Hakanan a yankin arewa, gami da. Borneo, akwai asarar gandun daji. A cikin Filipinas, ana kama dabbobi da rai don ƙarin siyarwa, saboda wannan dalili ana farautar su a Vientiane.
A cikin Jamhuriyar Lao, ana sayar da binturongs a matsayin mazaunan gidajen zoo da aviaries masu zaman kansu, kuma a wasu yankuna na Lao PDR, ana ɗaukar kyanwar nama mai ɗauka a matsayin mai ɗanɗano. A Vietnam, ana sayan dabbobi don adanawa a cikin gidaje da otal-otal, da ma don yanka, da samun naman gidajen abinci da gabobin cikin da ake amfani da su a magunguna.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Binturong a halin yanzu doka tana kiyaye shi a cikin jihohi da yawa. A Indiya, an sanya nau'in a cikin CITES Shafi na III tun daga 1989 kuma an lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Red Book na China yana cikin haɗari.
Bugu da kari, Binturong an jera shi a kan Dokar Tsari ta Kare / Kariya ta Indiya Jadawalin I, wanda ke nufin mafi girman matsayin kiyayewa ga dukkan nau'ikan. An kare Arctictis binturong a cikin Thailand, Malaysia da Vietnam. A cikin Borneo, an tsara jinsin a cikin Jadawaji na II na Dokar Kare Dabbobin Sabah (1997), wacce ke ba da izinin farautar intan tawayen tare da lasisi.
An kiyaye dabbobi a hukumance a Bangladesh saboda Dokar Kare Dabbobi (2012). Abun takaici, har yanzu hukumomin Brunei ba su zartar da ko da wata doka ba wacce ke tallafawa kokarin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa don kare Binturong.
