Mackerel (Scomber) wakilin jinsin kifi ne daga dangin mackerel, kifin Ray-finned aji da odar Mackerel. Kifi mai laushi, wanda tsarin rayuwarsa ba shi da wata alaƙa da ƙasan jikin ruwa. Wannan jinsi ya hada da jinsuna hudu: mackerel ta Australia (S. australasicus), mackerel ta Afirka (S. colias), mackerel ta Japan (S. japonicus) da makare ta Atlantika (S. scombrus).
Bayanin mackerel
Wani fasali na wakilan jinsin shine jikin fusiform, wanda aka rufe shi da ƙananan ma'aunin cycloidal.... Fitsarin ninkaya a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan mackerel na iya kasancewa ko ba shi ba.
Bayyanar
Ana amfani da mackerel ta jiki mai tsayi, siririyar murɗaɗɗiyar ƙwayar cuta tare da maɓallan gefe biyu. Wayar ba ta da carina mai tsayi a tsakiya. Kifin yana da jere wanda aka kirkira shi da ƙarin ƙura biyar a bayan ƙoshin mai laushi da ƙoshin lafiya. Tare da sauran dangi, mackerel tana da zoben ƙashi wanda yake kusa da idanuwa.
An rabu da ƙafafun ƙugu biyu ta hanyar kyakkyawan tazara. Tsarin ciki tsakanin fikaɗan ƙanƙan ne kuma ba a rarrabasu ba. Bayan kashin baya da na baya, akwai jerin kananan fika-fikai, wadanda suke taimakawa a gujewa samuwar abubuwa yayin saurin kifin a cikin ruwa. Fushin caudal yana da ƙarfi kuma an daidaita shi sosai.
Duk jikin mackerel an lullubeshi da kananan sikeli. Caraaramar gaban da ke gaba an kafa ta manyan sikeli, amma ba ta ci gaba sosai ba ko kuma ba ta kasancewa gaba ɗaya. Gefen gefen kai tsaye yana da ɗan madaidaicin lanƙwasa. Hakoran kifin kanana ne, masu siffar zobe. Kasancewar hakoran palatine da na hakora halayya ce. Thinananan stamens masu matsakaiciya tsayi, kuma matsakaicin lambar su akan ƙananan ɓangaren baka na farko basu wuce talatin da biyar ba. Wakilan jinsin suna da kashin baya 30-32.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Babban wakilin jinsin halittar shine mackerel na Afirka, wanda tsayinsa yakai 60-63 cm kuma nauyinsa yakai kilo biyu, kuma mafi kankantar kifi shine Jafananci ko shuɗin makaru (42-44 cm da 300-350 g).
An nuna hancin mackerel, tare da gefen gaba da na baya na idanu, an rufe shi da kyakkyawan fatar ido. Duk stamens na reshe suna bayyane ta hanyar buɗe baki. Abubuwan da firam din firam kadan sun kasance gajere, wanda aka samar dasu ta hanyar haskoki 18-21. Alamar bayan kifin yana dauke da launuka mai launin shuɗi, wanda aka lulluɓe da layin wavy na launi mai duhu. Gefen ciki da ciki na wakilan jinsin suna da launin azurfa-mai launin rawaya, ba tare da wata alama ba.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Wakilan halittar Mackerel masu saurin iyo ne, sun dace sosai da motsi a cikin ruwa. Mackerel na nufin kifin da ba sa iya rayuwa mafi yawan rayuwarsu kusa da kasa, saboda haka galibi suna ninkaya ne a cikin yankin ruwa mai pelagic. Dangane da fuka-fukai da yawa, wakilan ajin Ray-finned na kifi da na Mackerel suna da sauƙin guje wa abubuwa, koda a yanayin saurin tafiya.
Mackerel ya fi son tsayawa a kan ruwa, kuma galibi yakan kula da ƙungiyoyi tare da sardines na Peruvian. Wakilan dangin makerel suna jin daɗi kamar yadda zai yiwu kawai a cikin yanayin zafin jiki na 8-20 ° C, sabili da haka, suna da halin ƙaura na shekara-shekara. Duk tsawon shekara, ana iya samun kayan maske na musamman a cikin Tekun Indiya, inda zafin ruwan yake da kyau kamar yadda ya kamata.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Saboda rashin mafitsara mai ninkaya, jikin fusiform da ingantaccen musculature, mackerel ta Atlantika tana saurin matsowa cikin layukan ruwa, a saukake saurin bunkasa zuwa kilomita talatin a awa daya.
Tare da farkon lokacin sanyi mai sanyi, mackerel da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwan Bahar Maliya ke yin tafiye-tafiye na lokaci zuwa arewacin Turai, inda akwai wadatattun kwararar ruwa don samar da kifi da rayuwa mai kyau. A lokacin lokacin ƙaura, kifaye masu farauta ba su da aiki musamman kuma ba sa kashe kuzarinsu kan neman abinci.
Mackerels nawa suke rayuwa
Matsakaicin rayuwar mackerel a cikin yanayin yanayi ya kai kimanin shekaru goma sha takwas, amma an yi rikodin al'amuran lokacin da shekarun kifin da aka kama ya kai shekaru 20.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Wakilan nau'ikan mackerel na Australiya su ne mazaunan bakin ruwa na Yammacin Pacific, daga Japan da China zuwa New Zealand da Australia. A cikin gabashin yankin, yankin rarraba wannan nau'in ya fadada zuwa yankin Tsibirin Hawaiian... Hakanan ana samun daidaikun mutane a cikin ruwan Bahar Maliya. A cikin ruwa mai zafi, mackerel ta Australiya nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ne. Ana samun kifin Meso- da epipelagic a cikin ruwan bakin ruwa, wanda bai fi zurfin mita 250-300 ba.
Mackerel ta Afirka tana zaune a gabar ruwan Tekun Atlantika, gami da Baƙin Baƙar fata da na Bahar Rum. Wakilan wannan nau'in sun fi yaduwa a kudancin Bahar Rum. An lura da yawan jama'a daga gabashin Tekun Atlantika da Bay na Biscay zuwa Azores. Yawanci ana samun yara a cikin yankuna masu zafi, yayin da tsoffin mackerels suna yaduwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfin yanayi.
Ana rarraba wakilan nau'ikan mackerel na Gabas a cikin yanayin ruwa mai zafi, na wurare masu zafi da kuma raƙuman ruwa. A yankin ƙasar Rasha, ana samun yawan wannan nau'in a kusa da Tsibirin Kuril. A lokacin bazara, akwai ƙaura na yanayi na yanayi zuwa ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin ɗumamar yanayi, wanda ke fadada yanki mai rarraba yanayin.
Mackerel ta Atlantika wani nau'in jinsin gargajiya ne wanda ke zaune a Tekun Atlantika ta Arewa, gami da gabar gabas daga Canary Islands zuwa Iceland, kuma ana samun sa a Tekun Baltic, Bahar Rum, Arewa, Black da kuma Marmara. A gefen gabar yamma, ana samun makare a Atlantic daga Cape na North Carolina zuwa Labrador. Manya galibi suna shiga cikin Tekun Fari a lokacin ƙaura na bazara. Ana samun mafi yawan mutanen mackerel na Atlantic a gefen kudu maso yammacin gabar Ireland.
Abincin Mackerel
Mackerels sune masu cin abincin ruwa. Fisharamar kifi suna ciyar da akasari a kan takaddar ruwan tekun da ƙananan ɓawon burodi. Manya sun fi son squid da ƙananan kifi a matsayin ganima. Wakilan jinsi suna ciyarwa galibi da rana ko da yamma.
Tushen abincin wakilan jinsunan mackerel na Jafananci galibi galibi ana wakiltar shi ne ta hanyar yawaitar ƙananan dabbobi da ke zaune a wuraren ciyarwar:
- euphausides;
- kula;
- cephalopods;
- tsefe jellies;
- salts;
- polychaetes;
- kadoji;
- karamin kifi;
- caviar da larvae na kifi.
Akwai sauyin yanayi a cikin abincin. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, babban mackerel yana ciyar da kifi. Daga cikin manyan mutane, galibi ana lura da cin naman mutane.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Aaramin sihiri mai cin ruwa ba shi da kyau, amma wakilan jinsunan mackerel na Australiya suna da kyakkyawan sha'awa, wanda, a cikin yunwar yunwa, suna iya jefa kansu ba tare da jinkiri ba ko da a kan ƙugiyar kamun kifi ba tare da ƙugiya ba.
Lokacin afkawa wanda aka yiwa fyaden, mackerel zata yi jifa. Misali, makalarl ta Atlantic a cikin 'yan sakan kaɗan tana da ikon haɓaka saurin zuwa 70-80 km / h. Mafarautan cikin ruwa suna farauta, suna ta tururuwa cikin garken tumaki. Hamsa da duwatsun yashi, da kuma sprats, galibi sun zama abin farautar manyan garken dabbobi. Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa na wakilai masu girma na jinsin halittu suna tsokanar ganima don hawa saman ruwa. Sau da yawa, wasu daga cikin manya-manyan masu cin abincin ruwa, da kuma dorin ruwa, suna haɗuwa da abincin.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Kifi na koyar da ilimin zafi na thermophilic zai fara haihuwa a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa... Bugu da ari, mutanen da suka manyanta na iya yin haihuwar shekara-shekara har sai sun kai shekaru goma sha takwas zuwa ashirin. Manyan gogaggun mackerels sun fara haihuwa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Matasa suna fara haifuwa ne kawai a ƙarshen Yuni. Kerewararrun mackerels masu jima'i suna ɓoyewa a cikin rabo. Tsarin kiwo yana faruwa a cikin ruwan gabar teku mai dumi yayin lokacin bazara-bazara.
Mackerels na kowane nau'i suna hayayyafa sosai. Ga dukkan wakilan ajin kifi na Ray-finned, dangin makerel da kuma umarnin Mackerel, yawan haihuwa na dabi'a ne, saboda haka, manya suna barin kimanin kwai rabin miliyan, wadanda aka ajiye a zurfin kimanin mita 200. Matsakaicin diamita na kwai kusan milimita ɗaya ne. Kowane kwai yana dauke da digon kitse, wanda ke matsayin abinci a karon farko ga masu tasowa da masu saurin girma.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Tsawan lokacin samuwar macrail larvae ya dogara kai tsaye kan jin daɗi a cikin yanayin ruwa, amma galibi yakan bambanta tsakanin kwanaki 10-21.
Tsuntsar mackerel tana da saurin tashin hankali kuma tana cin naman mutane, saboda haka tana da saurin cin naman mutane. Soyayyen da ya fito daga ƙwai zuwa cikin duniya yana da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan, kuma matsakaicin tsayinsu, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 'yan santimita kaɗan ba. Soyayyen Mackerel yana girma da sauri kuma yana aiki sosai, saboda haka, a farkon kaka, girmansu na iya haɓaka sau uku ko ma fiye da haka. Bayan wannan, yawan ci gaban mackerel yana raguwa a hankali.
Makiya na halitta
Duk dangin mackerel suna da adadi da yawa na makiya a cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa, amma zakunan teku da na kwalliya, manyan tuna da kifayen kifayen suna da matukar hadari ga mai cin matsakaici. Makarantar da ke da ƙoshin lafiya wacce yawanci ke rayuwa a cikin ruwan bakin teku babbar hanyar haɗi ce a cikin jerin abinci. Mackerel, ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ba, farauta ce mai yawa ba kawai don kifin kifi mai girma ba, har ma ga wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Wakilan nau'ikan mackerel na Jafananci sun yadu musamman a yau, yawan jama'a wanda ke zama a cikin ruwan tekun. Mafi yawan mackerel sun fi yawa a cikin ruwan Tekun Arewa.
Saboda yawan haihuwa, ana kiyaye yawan jama'a a cikin kwanciyar hankali, duk da irin kamun kifin da ake samu a shekara.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Salmon ruwan hoda (lat.Onсorhynсhus gоrbusсha)
- Abun gama gari (lat. Abraham brama)
- Katifan azurfa (lat.Carassius gibelio)
Zuwa yau, yawan mutanen da ke cikin gidan Mackerel da na Mackerel duka suna haifar da ƙaramar damuwa. Kodayake jeri tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan dabi'un sun birkice, a halin yanzu akwai fifikon rinjaye na wani jinsi na musamman a wani yanki.
Darajar kasuwanci
Mackerel kifi ne mai daraja ƙwarai... Wakilan kowane nau'in an bambanta su da nama mai ƙanshi, mai wadataccen bitamin B12, ba tare da ƙananan tsaba ba, mai taushi kuma mai daɗi sosai. Boiled da soyayyen naman makeri yana samun daidaiton busasshe kaɗan. An kama wakilan nau'ikan mackerel na kasar Japan a cikin ruwan Tekun Fasifik. Japan da Rasha sun yi farautar mackerel ta Japan galibi a cikin haɗuwar bakin teku.
Ana lura da manyan kamawa a cikin lokacin daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. Ana aiwatar da ayyukan kamun kifi tare da manyan raƙuman ruwa masu zurfin zurfin ciki, kuma ana aiwatar dasu tare da taimakon jaka da saitin raga, gill da raga, madaidaiciyar kayan kamun kifi. Kifin da aka kama ya tafi kasuwar duniya da hayaki da daskarewa, da gishiri da gwangwani. Mackerel a halin yanzu shahararren nau'in kiwo ne na kasuwanci a Japan.
