Farin damisa galibi damisa ne da ke Bengal tare da maye gurbi saboda haka a yanzu ba a ɗaukarsu a matsayin na daban ba. Halin maye gurbi na musamman ya sa dabba ta zama fari mai launi gabaɗaya, kuma mutane suna da alamun shuɗi ko koren idanu da ratsi mai launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa da asalin farin fari.
Bayanin farin damisa
A halin yanzu mutanen da ke da launin fari suna da ƙarancin gaske tsakanin kowane wakilin namun daji.... A matsakaita, yawan bayyana a yanayin farin tigers mutum daya ne kawai ga kowane wakilin dubu goma na jinsin, wanda ke da al'ada, wacce ake kira da jan launi na gargajiya. An bayar da rahoton fararen damisa a cikin shekaru da yawa daga sassa daban-daban na duniya, daga Assam da Bengal, da kuma daga Bihar da kuma daga yankunan tsohuwar masarautar Rewa.
Bayyanar
Dabba mai farauta tana da farin fur wanda ya dace da ɗamara. Irin wannan furucin da baƙon abu ne wanda dabbar ta gada sakamakon sakamakon maye gurbi da ke cikin launi. Idanuwan farin damisa galibi launuka ne masu launi, amma akwai wasu mutane waɗanda a dabi'ance aka ba su shuɗar idanu. Dabba mai sassauci, kyakkyawa, mai kyalkyali da naman daji tare da kundin tsarin mulki mai yawa, amma girmanta, a matsayin doka, ya zama karami sosai fiye da na damisar Bengal mai launi ja na gargajiya.
Shugaban farin tiger yana da siffar zagaye bayyananne, ya bambanta a gaban ɓangaren da ke fitowa da kasancewar yankin yanki mai ma'amala da kyau. Kwanyar dabba mai farauta tana da girma da girma, tana da fadi da yanayin halayyar kumatu. Tiger vibrissae har zuwa 15.0-16.5 cm tsayi tare da matsakaicin kauri har zuwa milimita ɗaya da rabi. Suna da fari a launi kuma an jera su jeri huɗu ko biyar. Wani balagagge yana da haƙoran hakora dozin guda uku, waɗanda ƙananan canines suke kamawa musamman waɗanda suka haɓaka, suka kai tsawon 75-80 mm.
Wakilan jinsin, wadanda ke dauke da maye gurbi, ba su da kunnuwa da yawa da ke da sifa iri daya, kuma kasantuwar bugu da yawa a kan harshe yana ba wa mai farautar damar samun sauki da saurin raba naman abincinsa da kasusuwa, kuma yana taimakawa wajen wankan. A kafafun baya na dabba mai farauta akwai yatsu huɗu, kuma a ƙafafun gaba akwai yatsu biyar tare da ƙusoshin da za a iya janye su. Matsakaicin nauyin farin farin damisa kusan kilogram 450-500 tare da tsawon jiki na baligi a cikin mita uku.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Farin damisa a dabi'ance ba su da lafiya sosai - irin waɗannan mutane sau da yawa suna fama da cututtuka daban-daban na kodan da tsarin fitar da jini, strabismus da hangen nesa mara kyau, da lankwasa wuya da kashin baya, da kuma halayen rashin lafiyan.
Daga cikin dambobin farin damisa na yanzu, akwai kuma zabiya mafi mahimmanci, waɗanda ke da gashin gashin kansu ba tare da kasancewar ratsi na duhu na gargajiya ba. A jikin irin wadannan mutane, canza launin launuka kusan ba ya nan, saboda haka, idanun dabbar da ke farauta ana rarrabe shi da wani launi mai jan launi, wanda jijiyoyin jini ke bayyane sosai.
Hali da salon rayuwa
A cikin yanayin yanayi, damisa dabbobi ne masu farauta waɗanda ke tsananin kishin yankinsu kuma suna yin alama da ita, ta amfani da wannan dalilin galibi kowane irin yanayi na tsaye.
Mata galibi suna karkacewa daga wannan ƙa'idar, don haka suna iya raba yankinsu tare da sauran dangi. Farin damisa kwararrun masu iyo ne, kuma idan ya cancanta, zasu iya hawa bishiyoyi, amma fitattun launuka suna sa irin waɗannan mutane su kasance cikin haɗari ga mafarauta, saboda haka galibi wakilai masu launin launi irin na baƙi suna zama mazaunan wuraren shakatawa na zoological.
Girman yankin da farin damisa ta mamaye kai tsaye ya dogara da dalilai da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, gami da halayen mahalli, yawan mutane da yawa daga shafukan, da kuma kasancewar mata da yawan ganima. A matsakaici, tigress babba tana zaune yanki daidai da murabba'in mita ashirin, kuma yankin maza ya fi girma sau uku zuwa biyar. Mafi sau da yawa, a rana, baligi mutum yana tafiya daga kilomita 7 zuwa 40, lokaci-lokaci yana sabunta alamomin a kan iyakokinta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ya kamata a tuna cewa farin damisa dabbobi ne waɗanda ba albinos ba, kuma launi na musamman na sutturar yana da nasaba ne da ƙwayoyin halittar da ke juya baya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, damisar Bengal ba kawai wakilai ne na namun daji ba wanda daga cikinsu akwai wasu canje-canje na asali. Akwai sanannun lokuta lokacin da aka haifi fararen Amur masu launin ratsi mai baƙar fata, amma irin waɗannan yanayi sun faru ba safai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.... Don haka, yawancin kyawawan dabbobi masu farauta, waɗanda ke da farin fur, suna wakiltar duka Bengal da ƙananan mutanen Bengal-Amur.
Har yaushe fararen damisa suke rayuwa
A cikin muhallin halittu, farar fata ba safai suke rayuwa ba kuma suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa gabaɗaya, tunda, saboda hasken launi na Jawo, yana da wahala irin waɗannan dabbobi masu farauta su yi farauta kuma yana da wahala su ciyar da kansu. A tsawon rayuwarta, mace tana haihuwa kuma tana haihuwar 'ya' ya goma ne zuwa ashirin, amma kusan rabinsu suna mutuwa tun suna kanana. Matsakaicin rayuwar farin damisa kwata-kwata ne.
Jima'i dimorphism
Mace damisa Bengal takan balaga da shekara uku ko hudu, kuma namiji yakan balaga a cikin shekaru hudu ko biyar. A lokaci guda, ba a bayyana dimorphism a cikin launi na gashin Jawo na mai farautar ba. Tsarin tsiri a kan gashin kowane mutum na musamman ne, wanda galibi ake amfani dashi don ganowa.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Bengal fararen damisa wakilan fauna ne a Arewa da Tsakiyar Indiya, Burma, Bangladesh da Nepal. Na dogon lokaci, akwai kuskuren fahimta cewa fararen damisa masu farauta ne daga fadada Siberia, kuma launinsu wanda ba a saba gani ba shine kawai cin nasarar dabbar dabba a yanayin damuna mai dusar ƙanƙara.
Abincin farin tigers
Tare da yawancin sauran masu farautar da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin muhalli, dukkan fararen damisa sun fi son cin nama. A lokacin bazara, damisa na manya na iya cin ƙanzanin ganyaye da ganyayyaki don ƙoshi. Abun lura ya nuna cewa damisa ta sha banban da ta mata a wajen dandano. Mafi yawanci basu yarda da kifi ba, yayin da mata, akasin haka, galibi suna cin irin waɗannan wakilan ruwa.
Farin damisa sun kusanci abin farautar su da ƙananan matakai ko kan kafafun kafafu, suna ƙoƙarin motsawa sosai ba a sani ba. Mai farauta na iya farauta duka da rana da kuma dare. A yayin farauta, damisa na iya tsallakewa kimanin mita biyar a tsayi, kuma ta rufe nisan da ya kai mita goma a tsayi.
A muhallinsu na dabi'a, damisa sun fi son farautar dabbobi, gami da barewa, dabbobin daji da sambar Indiya. Wani lokaci mai farauta yana cin abinci mara kyau a cikin yanayin zomo, birai da pheasants. Don samar wa kanta cikakken abinci a shekara, damisa tana cin kimanin dabbobin daji kusan biyar zuwa bakwai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Don damisa babba ta ji ta koshi, yana bukatar cin kusan kilo talatin na nama a lokaci guda.
A cikin bauta, dabbobi masu farauta suna ciyarwa sau shida a mako. Babban abincin irin wannan mai farautar tare da bayyanar da baƙon abu ya haɗa da sabo da nama da kowane irin nama. Wani lokaci ana ba damisa "dabbobi" a siffar zomo ko kaji. An tsara "ranar azumi" ta gargajiya ne ga dabbobi kowane mako, wanda hakan ke sa damisa ta kasance cikin '' dacewa ''. Saboda kasancewar ingantaccen shimfidar mai mai sassauƙa, damisa na iya yin yunwa na ɗan lokaci.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Samun fararen damisa galibi galibi yana faruwa ne tsakanin Disamba da Janairu wanda ya haɗa.... Haka kuma, a lokacin kiwo, namiji daya ne ke tafiya a bayan kowace mace. Sai kawai lokacin da kishiya ta bayyana tsakanin mazan da suka balaga ta hanyar jima'i ana yin abin da ake kira faɗa ko faɗa don haƙƙin saduwa da wata mace.
Farin damisa mace tana da damar hadi a cikin shekarar na wasu fewan kwanaki kawai, kuma in babu matsi a wannan lokacin, tilas ne a sake maimaitawa bayan wani lokaci. Mafi yawanci, farin tigress yakan kawowa ɗanta na farko ne kawai lokacin tana da shekaru uku ko huɗu, amma mace a shirye take don haihuwar cuba oncea sau ɗaya duk bayan shekaru biyu ko uku. Haihuwar 'ya'ya kusan kwanaki 97-112 ne, kuma ana haifuwa da cuba arounda kusan watan Maris ko Afrilu.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, a cikin ɗayan damisa, an haifi ɗiya biyu zuwa hudu, wanda nauyinsa bai wuce kilogiram 1.3-1.5 ba. Kubiyoni ana haihuwarsu gaba daya makaho, kuma suna ganin shekara daya da sati daya. A watan farko da rabi, fararen damisa na cin abinci na musamman a kan madarar mata. A lokaci guda kuma, ba a yarda wa maza damisar ga jarirai ba, tunda babban mai farautar yana da ikon kashewa da cin su.
Tun daga kimanin watanni biyu, tan damisa suna koyon bin mahaifiyarsu kuma suna ƙoƙarin barin ramin sau da yawa. Yaran damisa suna samun cikakken 'yanci ne kawai a cikin shekara ɗaya da rabi, amma yaran sau da yawa sukan kasance tare da mahaifiyarsu har ma zuwa shekaru biyu ko uku. Tare da samun 'yanci,' yan mata mata suna kusa da mahaifiyarsu, kuma mazan da suka manyanta koyaushe suna zuwa nesa mai nisa, suna ƙoƙari su samo wa kansu yankuna kyauta.
Makiya na halitta
Wasu makiya na halitta a cikin yanayin yanayi cikin fararen damisa, bisa ƙa'ida, sam basa nan... Giwayen manya, karkanda ko bauna ba za su iya farautar damisa da gangan ba, don haka dabbar da ke farauta za ta iya zama farautar su, amma sakamakon hatsarin rashin hankali.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Farin farin damisa na farko an gano shi a yanayi a wajajen 1951, lokacin da wani mafarauci ya cire farin farin damisa daga layinsa, wanda daga baya ba a yi amfani da shi ba wajen samar da zuriya da launinta wanda ba a saba da shi ba. Bayan lokaci, yawan adadin farin damisa ya zama mafi girma a bayyane, amma mutum na ƙarshe da aka sani a cikin yanayin yanayi an harbe shi a shekarar 1958. Yanzu a cikin fursunoni akwai sama da fararen tigers sama da ɗari, wanda ɓangare mai mahimmanci yana cikin Indiya. Dabbar dabbar da ke farauta tana cikin Littafin Ja.
