Kudancin Amurka gida ne ga wata dabba ta musamman da ake kira kerkecin maned (guara). Yana da siffofin kerkutu da dabba kuma na dabbobi ne masu ban sha'awa. Guara tana da wani yanayi mai ban mamaki: mai kyau, mara kyau ga kerkolfci, jiki, doguwar ƙafa, ƙamshi mai kaifi da manyan kunnuwa.
Bayanin kerkecin maned
A cikin bayyanar, kerk mann da ke mantuwa a lokaci guda yana kama da kerkeci, kerke da kare. Wannan ba dabba ce mai girman gaske ba. Tsawon jikinsa galibi ya fi mita, kuma tsayinsa ya kai santimita 60-90. Nauyin babban kerkeci na iya kaiwa kilo 25.
Bayyanar
Siffofinsa na musamman sune kaifi, kamar muxuwa, mai doguwar wuya da babba, fitattun kunnuwa. Jiki da jela sun fi gajeru, kuma gabobin jikinsu siriri ne kuma dogaye. Launin kerkecin maned kuma abin sha'awa ne. Launi mai ruwan kasa mai wanzuwa a cikin yankin ya canza zuwa rawaya, kuma a cikin man goshin zuwa ja. Alamomin duhu akan ƙafafu, ƙarshen wutsiya da ƙyallen dabba suma fasali ne.
Rigar guar tana da kauri da taushi. A bayan baya, ya fi na sauran jikin wani ɗan lokaci, kuma ya samar da wani irin "motsin rai". A lokacin haɗari, yana iya hawa kusan tsaye. Godiya ce a gareta cewa kerkecin da ke maned ya sami sunansa. Dogayen kafafun kerkecin ba su dace da gudu ba, a'a, an tsara su ne don motsi a kan dogon ciyawa da kuma lura da abubuwan da ke kewaye da su. Abin lura ne cewa samarin guar ana haife su da gajeriyar yatsa. Ana faɗaɗa ƙafafu yayin da dabba ke girma.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Maza da mata na kerkeci mafi girma suna tafiyar da rayuwa ta kadaitaka, suna haɗuwa da nau'i-nau'i kawai a yayin lokutan saduwa. A gare su, ƙirƙirar fakiti ba shi da halaye, amma ga yawancin canines. Kololuwar mafi girman aiki yana faruwa da yamma da dare.
Da rana, guara yawanci tana zama a tsakanin tsirrai masu tsire-tsire ko kuma a cikin kogonta, wanda dabbar ke sauka a cikin ramin da aka bari, ko fanko ko ƙarƙashin bishiyar da ta faɗi. A lokacin lokutan rana, ana iya tilasta shi matsa kaɗan. Da farkon duhu, kerkuku mai farauta ya tafi farauta, yana haɗuwa da shi tare da sintiri a yankinsa (galibi waɗannan yankuna ne har zuwa murabba'in mita 30. M).
Yana da ban sha'awa!Dabbobi suna cin abinci ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Dogayen kafafu suna basu damar ganin ganima akan ciyayi masu tsayi da tsayi, kuma manyan kunnuwa na basu damar jin hakan a cikin duhu. Don duban guara mafi kyau yana tsaye akan ƙafafun kafa.
Kyarketai masu da'awar maza sun fi mata aiki. Tsarin zamantakewar a cikin waɗannan dabbobin yana wakiltar ma'aurata masu aure, waɗanda ke zaune a wani yanki na yanki da aka yiwa alama da najasa. Ma'aurata suna da cikakken iko da kansu: hutawa, hakar abinci da sintiri a yankin ana yin su kadai. A cikin bauta, dabbobi sun fi kusa - suna cin abinci tare, suna hutawa kuma suna haihuwar zuriya. Ga maza, ginin tsarin tsari shima ya zama na hali.
Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na kerkolfci maned shi ne sautukan da yake yi. Idan aka ji tsawa da tsawa mai ƙarfi daga ɗumbin daji na ciyawa, wannan yana nufin cewa dabbar ta wannan hanyar tana korar baƙin da ba a gayyata ba daga yankinta. Hakanan suna iya fitar da kara, kara mai karfi da gurnani.
Guara ba ta da haɗari ga mutane, babu wani rikodin rikodin guda ɗaya na harin wannan dabba ga mutum... Duk da haramcin kashe wadannan dabbobin, adadin kerkeci na daji yana raguwa a hankali. Mazauna yankin sun kashe shi saboda sha'awar wasanni. Guara ba dabba bace mai saurin tashin hankali kuma abu ne mai sauki ga mafarauta, kuma masu gonaki suna lalata ta don kare dabbobi.
Har yaushe guaras ke rayuwa?
Guar ya kai ga balagar jima'i a cikin shekara guda. Tsawan rayuwar kerkuku zai iya kaiwa shekaru 10-15.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Mazaunin kerkolfen maned yana cikin individualasashe na Kudancin Amurka (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia). Mazaunan wannan dabbar sune yawanci pampas (filayen Kudancin Amurka tare da canjin yanayi da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire).
Kerketai masu yawa suma suna da yawa a cikin busassun savannas, campos (yanayin yanayin wurare masu zafi da na yanki), da kuma tsaunuka da wuraren dazuzzuka. Akwai lokuta da yawa na guara da ke rayuwa a yankuna masu dausayi. Amma a cikin tsaunuka da dazukan ruwan sama, ba a samun wannan dabbar. A kan dukkanin mazaunin, yana da wuya.
Abincin da aka yi wa kerkeci
Kodayake kerkuku dabba mai cin nama, amma abincinsa ya ƙunshi abinci mai yawa ba kawai na dabbobi ba, har ma da asalin shuke-shuke. Guar tana ciyarwa galibi akan ƙananan beraye, zomaye, manyan kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kifi, molluscs, da tsuntsaye da ƙwai. Lokaci-lokaci yana kai hare-hare barewa ga Pampas.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Idan kerk manci ya zauna kusa da ƙauyukan 'yan Adam, to yana da ikon kai hari gonakinsu, yakai raguna, kaji ko aladu. Saboda haka, mazauna karkara suna ƙoƙari ta kowace hanya don kawar da guara daga dukiyoyinsu.
Duk da cewa kerkuku mai farautar farauta ne, ba ta farauta sosai. Wannan dabba ba za ta iya gudu da sauri ba saboda tana da 'yar karamar huhu. Kuma muƙamuƙansa waɗanda ba su ci gaba ba ba su ba shi damar kai hari kan manyan dabbobi ba, don haka armadillos, beraye, tuko-tuko da agouti sune tushen abincinsa. A cikin yunwa, busassun shekaru, kerkeci masu igiyar ruwa na iya ƙirƙirar ƙananan fakiti, yana ba su damar farautar manyan dabbobi.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a sani cewa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na abincinsa ya ƙunshi abinci na tsire-tsire - ayaba, guavas, da tushe da tubers na tsire-tsire iri-iri. Babban tushen abincin tsirrai shine 'ya'yan itacen lobeira, wanda ya yadu a cikin savanna na Brazil, wanda kuma ake kira "apple na kerkolfci". Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa cin ta na ba kerkeci mai iya kawar da tsutsotsi masu cinye hanjin dabbar.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Wasan mating da lokacin kiwo na guaras yana faruwa a tsakiyar kaka da damuna. A cikin daji, zuriya suna fitowa yayin rani (Yuni-Satumba). Mace tana shirya kogon a keɓantattun wurare tare da ciyayi masu yawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Ta haihu na tsawon kwanaki 60-66. Yawancin lokaci, ana haihuwar onean kwikwiyo ɗaya zuwa bakwai, wannan shine ake kira wan kerkeci.
Kubiyu suna da launin ruwan toka mai duhu kuma suna da farin jelar fari.... Nauyin su shine gram 300-400. Kwanaki 9 na farko bayan haihuwa, puan kwikwiyo sun zama makafi. Kunnuwansu sun fara tsayawa bayan wata daya, kuma rigar ta fara mallakar halayen launi na manya ne kawai bayan watanni 2.5. A watan farko, mace tana ciyar da zuriyar da madara, bayan haka sai ta kara abinci mai daskarewa, rabin abinci a cikin abincinsu, wanda take sake maimaita musu.
Lura da dabbobi a cikin fursuna ya nuna cewa mata da maza suna aiki tare wajen kiwon zuriya tare. Maza suna da himma wajen renon yara. Yana samun abinci, yana kare mata da ƙananan dabbobi daga baƙin da ba a gayyata ba, yana wasa da thean kwikwiyo yana koya musu farauta da samo wa kansu abinci. Animalsananan dabbobi sun kai ga balagar jima’i da shekara guda, amma suna fara haifuwa ne kawai bayan shekaru biyu da haihuwa.
Makiya na halitta
Masana kimiyya basu yi nasarar gano makiya na ɗakunan kerkeci a yanayi ba. An adam mafi girman lalacewa ga 'yan guar. Rashin yarda da kai hare-hare kan dabbobi ya haifar da harbe-harben waɗannan dabbobin da yawa. Hakanan ya kamata a sani cewa guaras yana iya kamuwa da cutar mai saurin kamuwa da cuta - annoba, daga inda suke mutuwa gaba ɗaya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
An sanya kerk Then maned a cikin Littafin Redasa ta Duniya a matsayin dabba mai haɗari. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, lambarta ta ragu da kusan goma. Jimlar mutanen duniya sun fi manya dubu 10. Babban dalilan raguwar yawan wadannan dabbobi sun hada da rage yankunansu na yau da kullun, gami da gurbatar kasa da albarkatun ruwa baki daya.
Mahimmanci!A kowace shekara ana ba da filaye da yawa don ƙasar noma, wanda ke hana kerkeci mai mazauni asalin wurin zama.
Yawancin lokaci dabbobi suna mutuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motoci ko kuma cikin tarkon mafarauta... Duk da haramcin lalata su, jama'ar yankin na ci gaba da kashe guara domin samun kowane bangare na jikin ta don amfani da maganin gargajiya. 'Yan asalin Kudancin Amurka suna ci gaba da farautar su saboda idanuwa, wadanda ake dauka a matsayin wata alama ta sa'a. Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa idan farautar kerkuku da aka yi ba ta daina ba, to wannan nau'in zai ɓace gaba ɗaya cikin ƙasa da rabin karni.
