Hakanan ana kiran beyar baƙar fata ta Himalayan da suna kamar wata, Ussuri, ko kuma farar fata. Wannan wakilin matsakaici ne na jinsunan, wanda ya dace da rayuwar arboreal.
Bayanin beyar mai farin-nono
A cikin surar jiki, bayyanar ta yi kama da wani nau'in beyar da ta gabata.... A cewar masana kimiyya, shi ne kakannin mafi yawan "bears", ban da panda da bear mai ban mamaki. Kodayake, galibi, shuke shuke yana wakilta, wasu daga cikinsu na iya nuna alamun zalunci ga mutane da dabbobin da suka bayyana farautar su.
Bayyanar
Beren Asiya yana da bakin baki mai haske da haske mai haske, ƙyalli mai fari da bayyanannen faci mai siffar sifa a kirji. Kayayyakin girma ba daidai ba, kunkuntun kunnuwan beza mai launin fari-salo. Wutsiyar tana da tsayi cm 11. Faɗin kafada na babban beyar ya kai cm 70-100, tsayinsa ya kai kimanin 120-190 cm, ya danganta da jinsi da shekarun dabbar. Manya manya sunkai tsakanin 60 zuwa 200 kilogiram, tare da matsakaita nauyin kusan 135 kg. Matan da suka manyanta suna yin nauyi tsakanin kilo 40 zuwa 115. Musamman manya sun kai kilogiram 140.
Bears masu baƙar fata na Asiya suna kama da bayyanar bears mai launin ruwan kasa, amma suna da tsarin jiki mai ƙyalƙyali tare da siraran gaba da naɓar baya. Lebe da hanci na dutsen Himalayan sun fi na bear mai launin ruwan kasa girma da sauri. Kwanyar baƙar fata ta ɗan kaɗan ba ta da girma amma tana da girma, musamman a yankin ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Ya auna daga 311.7 zuwa 328 mm a tsayi da 199.5-228 mm a nisa. Yayin da mace take da tsawon 291.6-315 mm kuma tana da fadin 163-173 mm. Kodayake dabbar tana yawan cin ciyawa, amma tsarin kwanyar bai yi kama da tsarin kokon kan pandas ba. Suna da matsattsun baka na baka, da bayanan daga gefe, kuma tsokoki na lokaci sunfi kauri da karfi.
Yana da ban sha'awa!A matsakaita, manyan beyar Himalayan sun fi kaɗan ƙarancin beran Amurka baƙar fata, amma musamman ma manyan maza na iya girma fiye da sauran nau'in. A lokaci guda, tsarin ji da kai na dutsen Himalayan ya fi na bear na launin ruwan kasa ci gaba.
Beyar ta Himalayan tana da tsari na musamman na kafa, duk da cewa an karya ƙafafuwanta na baya, yana iya hawa bishiya ta amfani da gaban kawai. Tana da jiki mafi ƙarfi da ƙafafun baya mai rauni sosai fiye da jinsunan da ke ɗaukar dogon lokaci a tsaye a ƙasa. Hatta farce a ƙafafun gaban gorar farin-nono ya fi na baya baya. Wannan ya zama dole don hawa bishiyoyi da haƙawa.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Baƙin asiya na baƙar fata na rana ne, kodayake baƙi ne zuwa gidajen mutane da dare. Zasu iya zama a cikin rukunin dangi na manya biyu da broaura biyu masu zuwa. Bears na Himalayan masu hawan dutse ne masu kyau, suna hawa zuwa tsayi don ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba, don farauta ko kawai shakatawa. Dangane da Yankin Ussuriysk, bears masu baƙar fata suna kashe har zuwa 15% na lokacinsu a cikin bishiyoyi. Suna karya rassa da twan itace don tsaftace yankin ciyarwa da wurin bacci. Bears baƙar fata ba ta Himalayan ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Bears suna shirya raminsu a tsakiyar Oktoba kuma suna kwana a cikinsu daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris. Ana iya shirya burukan su a cikin bishiyoyi masu rami, kogwanni ko ramuka a ƙasa, ramuka masu rami, ko kan gangaren dutsen, da duwatsun rana.
Bears baƙar fata na Asiya suna da sauti iri-iri... Suna gunaguni, suna kuka, suna ihu, suna ihu. Ana fitar da sautuna na musamman yayin damuwa da fushi. Suna ihu da ƙarfi lokacin da suke aika gargaɗi ko tsoratarwa, kuma suna ihu lokacin da suke yaƙi. A daidai lokacin da suke kusantowa da wasu beyar, suna fitar da latsa harsunansu kuma suna '' ɓarkewa '' yayin neman ɗayan jinsi.
Har yaushe bears Himalayan na rayuwa?
Matsakaicin rayuwarsa a cikin daji shine shekaru 25, yayin da tsohuwar tsohuwar baƙar fata ta Asiya a cikin fursuna ta mutu yana da shekara 44.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Sun yadu a cikin Himalayas, a arewacin yankin Indiya, Korea, Arewa maso gabashin China, Rasha mai nisa, Honshu da Shikoku, tsibirin Japan, da Taiwan. Beananan Bears, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna rayuwa cikin daɗaɗɗun dazuzzuka, hamada. Suna da ƙarancin rayuwa sama da 3700 m a cikin Himalayas a lokacin bazara, kuma suna gangarowa zuwa 1500 m a lokacin hunturu.
Bears baƙar fata suna zaune a kunkuntar tsiri daga kudu maso gabashin Iran zuwa gabas ta Afghanistan da Pakistan, a ƙasan Himalayas a Indiya, a Myanmar. Ban da Malesiya, ana samun beyar baƙar fata a duk ƙasashen yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Ba sa nan a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na ƙasar Sin, kodayake suna da mahimmin rarraba a yankunan kudu da arewa maso gabashin ƙasar. Ana iya ganin su a kudancin yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Rasha da Koriya ta Arewa. Mafi yawansu suna Koriya ta Kudu. Hakanan ana samun bera masu launin fari da baƙaƙen fata a Japan, kusa da tsibirin Honshu da Shikoku, da Taiwan da Hainan.
Babu ƙididdigar da ba ta da tabbas game da adadin beyar baƙar fata na Asiya. Japan ta tattara bayanai kan mutane 8-14,000 da ke zaune a Honshu, kodayake ba a tabbatar da amincin waɗannan bayanan a hukumance ba. Kimanin yawan mutanen WGC na Rasha - 5,000-6,000. A cikin 2012, Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Japan ta rubuta adadin mutane 15,000-20,000. Ughididdigar ƙima da yawa, ba tare da bayanan tallafi ba, an yi su a Indiya da Pakistan, wanda ya haifar da mutane 7,000-9,000 a Indiya da 1,000 a Pakistan.
Abincin Bears na Himalayan
A dabi'ance, fararen naman bera sun fi na bera launin ruwan kasa, amma sun fi na Amurka baƙar fata farauta. Ba kamar pandas ba, beyar mai fararen nono baya dogara da wadataccen abinci mai ƙarancin kalori. Ya fi kowa iko da rashin tsari, yana ba da fifiko ga abinci mai gina jiki sosai a ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa. Suna cin isasshen abinci, suna saka su a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, bayan haka kuma cikin lumana suna shiga cikin ɓarna a lokacin rashin abinci. A lokutan ƙaranci, suna yawo cikin kwari don samun damar shiga cikin ƙanƙara da ƙwarin kwari daga rubabbun itace.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Bears baƙar fata Himalayan suna da komai. Suna ciyar da kwari, beetles, larvae, termit, carrion, egg, ƙudan zuma, kowane irin ƙananan tarkace, namomin kaza, ganye, furanni da 'ya'yan itace. Suna kuma cin 'ya'yan itace, iri, kwayoyi da hatsi.
Daga tsakiyar watan Mayu zuwa ƙarshen Yuni, za su ƙara abincin su da ciyayi kore da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Daga Yuli zuwa Satumba, bears na wannan nau'in suna hawa bishiyoyi don cin cherries tsuntsaye, cones, vines da inabi. A wasu lokuta ma ba safai ba, suna cin mataccen kifi a lokacin da suke tausayawa, kodayake wannan yana wakiltar wani yanki mafi kankanta na abincin su fiye da na Brown Bear. Sun fi karfin berayen Amurkawa masu launin ruwan kasa kuma suna da ikon kashe tsarurruka, gami da dabbobi, tare da wasu abubuwan yau da kullun. Kayan daji na iya haɗawa da muntjac deer, boars daji da buffaloes manya. Bear mai farin nono na iya kashewa ta hanyar fasa wuyan wanda aka azabtar.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A cikin Sikhote-Alin, lokacin kiwo domin beyar baƙar fata yana farawa ne fiye da na bera masu launin ruwan kasa, daga tsakiyar watan Yuni zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta.... Haihuwa ma tana faruwa ne a baya - a tsakiyar watan Janairu. A watan Oktoba, ƙarar mahaifar mace mai ciki ta girma zuwa 15-22 mm. A ƙarshen Disamba, embryos suna da nauyin gram 75. Jirgin farko na mace ya bayyana ne kimanin shekara uku. Yawancin lokaci, tsakanin haihuwa, beyar tana murmurewa har tsawon shekaru 2-3.
Mata masu juna biyu galibi suna da kashi 14% na yawan jama'ar. Haihuwar haihuwa tana faruwa a cikin kogwanni ko ramuka na itace a lokacin sanyi ko farkon bazara bayan lokacin ciki na kwanaki 200-240. Kubiyoni suna da nauyin gram 370 a lokacin haihuwa. A ranar 3, suna buɗe idanunsu, kuma a ranar 4 suna iya yin motsi kai tsaye. Litter na iya ƙunsar cuba cuban 1-4. Suna da saurin ci gaba. Zuwa Mayu, jarirai sun kai kilogiram 2.5 kawai. Sun zama masu cikakken 'yanci tsakanin watannin 24 zuwa 36.
Makiya na halitta
Baƙin Asiya na baƙar fata wani lokaci yakan iya kai wa tigers da beyar mai ruwan kasa hari. Suna kuma yin yaƙi tare da damisa da fakitin kyarketai. Lynx na Eurasia shine mai haɗari mai haɗari ga cuban farin-nono. Bakar fata sun mamaye damisoshin Gabas ta Gabas sakamakon arangama ta zahiri a wuraren da ke da ciyayi masu yawa, yayin da damisa suka mamaye wuraren budewa, kodayake sakamakon irin wannan haduwar ta dogara ne da girman dabbobin kowannensu. Damisa an santa da farautar 'ya'yan bera' yan ƙasa da shekaru biyu.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Tigers ma suna farautar baƙar fata. Masu farautar Rasha na iya saduwa da gawawwakin bera masu fararen fata tare da waƙoƙin damisa mai farauta a hanya. A tabbaci, kusa da ragowar ana iya ganin tiger najasar.
Don tserewa, berai suna hawa kan bishiyoyi don jiran mai farautar ya gundura ya tafi. Tiger, a nasa bangaren, na iya yin kamar ya tafi ne, yana jira a wani wuri ba da nisa ba. Tigers a kai a kai suna farautar matasa beyar, yayin da manya sukan yi faɗa.
Bears baƙar fata, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana motsawa cikin yankin aminci daga hare-haren damisa yana da shekaru biyar. Farin-nono jarumai ne. Jim Corbett ya taba kallon hoton wata dutsen Himalayan da ke bin damisa, duk da cewa an yanke wani bangare na fatar kansa da kuma wani rauni da aka ji masa rauni.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Kungiyar IUCN ta sanya shi a matsayin "Mara Raunin", musamman saboda sare dazuzzuka da kuma farautar muhimman sassan jiki. An jera baƙar fata ta Asiya a matsayin dabba mai kariya a China. An kuma ba shi kariya a Indiya, amma saboda ajizancin sake fasalin, masu laifin suna da wahalar gabatar da shi a gaban shari'a. Hakanan, yawan fararen fata masu ƙyallen fata suna faɗa a Japan. Bugu da kari, akwai ci gaba da rashin isassun hanyoyin kiyayewa masu kyau na beran Jafanawa. An hada bears masu farin-nono a ciki Littafin Ja Rasha, a matsayin nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsin da ke fuskantar kariya ta musamman tare da hana farautar su. Hakanan an haɗa wannan nau'in a cikin littafin Red Book na Vietnam.
Yankan dazuzzuka babbar barazana ce ga mazaunin baƙar fata na ƙasar China... A farkon 1990s, an rage zangon bakar fata zuwa 1/5 na yankin da ya kasance har zuwa 1940s. Mutane masu keɓewa suna fuskantar mahalli da matsalolin kwayar halitta. Koyaya, kamun kifi yana ɗayan ɗayan mahimman dalilai na ɓacewar bacewar su. Saboda wsafafun beyar baƙar fata, fata da mafitsara suna da tsada sosai. Hakanan, beran Himalayan na lalata ƙasar noma - lambuna da gonakin kiwon zuma.
Mahimmanci!Haka kuma a Indiya farautar fararen fata baƙar fata ya zama ruwan dare, kuma a Pakistan, an ayyana shi azaman nau'in haɗari.
Kodayake sanannen farautar farauta a koina a Japan, babu wani abu da hukumomi ke yi don magance lamarin. Kashe "kwari mai kafafu-ƙafa" ana aikatawa anan duk shekara don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tun a shekarar 1970 ake amfani da akwatunan tarko don kama su. An kiyasta cewa a gaba yawan dabbobin da aka hallaka ya kamata ya ragu saboda raguwar yawan tsofaffin mafarautan gargajiyar da kuma karuwar matasa masu tasowa, ba masu saurin farauta ba.
Kodayake an ba da kariya ga baƙar fata a Rasha tun daga shekarar 1983, farautar farauta, saboda ƙaruwar buƙatun bera a kasuwar Asiya, na ci gaba da zama babbar barazana ga yawan jama'ar Rasha. Yawancin ma'aikatan Sin da Koriya da aka yi imanin suna da hannu a masana'antar katako suna da hannu cikin cinikin haramtacciyar ƙasar. Wasu masu jirgin ruwan Rasha sun ba da rahoton cewa yana yiwuwa a sayi beyar daga mafarautan yankin don sayar da ita a Japan da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Masana’antun gandun daji suna bunkasa cikin sauri a Rasha, wanda hakan babbar barazana ce ga bakar fata ta Asiya. Yanke bishiyoyin da ke ɗauke da kogwanni na hana baƙin beyar ainihin mazauninsu. Wannan ya tilasta musu sanya shimfiɗar tasu a ƙasa ko a cikin duwatsu, don haka ya sa su zama masu sauƙi ga damisa, bera mai ruwan kasa, da mafarauta.
Shiga katutu ya daina zama babbar barazana ga bakar fata ta Taiwan, kodayake sabuwar manufar sauya ikon mallakar tudu daga jihar zuwa bukatun masu zaman kansu na shafar wasu mazauna filayen, musamman ma a gabashin ƙasar. Ginin sabon titin tsibiri tsallaka tsibiri ta hanyar mazaunin biyun shima yana da barazana.
Koriya ta Kudu ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe biyu kawai don ba da izinin baƙar fata baƙar fata a tsare... Kamar yadda aka ruwaito a shekarar 2009, kusan dabbobi 1,374 sun rayu a gonaki 74 na berai, inda aka ajiye su don yanka don amfani da maganin gargajiya na Asiya.
