Dwarf lemurs (lat. Сheirogaleidae) dabbobi masu shayarwa ne na dangin yankin Wet-nosed primates suborder. Wannan dangi, wanda ke da yawan yanki na ƙasar Madagascar, ya haɗa da lemurs na bera da na bera.
Bayanin lemurs na pygmy
Dukkanin lemurs masu rai sun kiyaye wasu sifofi na zamanin da, suna sanya irin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa daya daga cikin mafi kyawun shaidar asalinmu. Koyaya, irin waɗannan mazauna yankin na wurare masu zafi na Madagascar kwata-kwata ba sa son birai birai da sanannun mutane a yau.
Bayyanar
Lemurs na Pygmy dabbobi ne masu doguwar wutsiyoyi da halaye, ingantattu sosai, idanu masu kumburi.... Shugaban lemur na pygmy gajere ne, tare da ɗamara mai zagaye. Legsafafun baya sun fi kafafu na gaba tsayi kaɗan, amma duk yatsun irin wannan mai shayarwar suna da ci gaba daidai gwargwado, kasancewar halin ƙafafu masu kaifi da kaifi. Kunnuwa na matsakaiciya an rufe su da kaɗan da kyau sosai, gashi da yawa a waje.
Jawo na ƙananan dabbobi mai laushi ne, kuma a wasu yankuna da silkiness da aka furta. A baya, gashin yana da kauri da kyau sosai. Dwarf lemurs waɗanda ke zaune a yankunan gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Madagascar an rarrabe su da jan gashi mai launin ruwan kasa. Duk dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin busassun dazuzzuka na yammacin Madagascar suna da mafi yawan launin toka a baya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mafi ƙanƙanta har zuwa yau sune lemurs dwarf lemurs, kuma matsakaicin nauyin balagaggen wannan nau'in bai wuce gram 28-30 ba.
Launin ido na farko yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da halaye na jinsuna, amma mafi yawan lokuta dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da idanuwan orange-ja ko launin ruwan kasa-rawaya. Daga cikin nau'ikan talatin, lemuran linzamin kwamfuta ne waɗanda suka fi shahara, tun da a yau irin waɗannan dabbobin galibi ana siyan su ta hanyar masanan dabbobin gida masu ban sha'awa kamar dabbobin gida.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Duk membobin gidan Dwarf lemur suna cikin dabbobin dare waɗanda ke aiki kawai tare da farkon duhu, wanda ke bayanin manyan idanuwan da suke gani daidai da dare saboda kristal masu nuna haske na musamman. Da rana, irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna bacci, suna halayyar juna cikin ball. Don barci ko hutawa, galibi wuraren rami na itace da nests nests da aka yi da ciyawa, ana amfani da ƙananan rassa da ganyaye.
A wuraren shakatawa na namun daji, lemurs na pygmy, tare da wasu dabbobin da ke cikin dare, ana ajiye su a cikin yanayi na musamman ko zauren da ake kira "Night primates". A lokacin rana, ana kiyaye wadataccen duhu a cikin waɗannan ɗakunan, wanda ke ba kowane dabbobin dare damar jin daɗi da kiyaye halayensu, na ɗabi'a. Da daddare, akasin haka, haske yana kunne, don haka lemurs din suna bacci.
Duk wakilan babban dangi na iya cancanci a danganta su da nau'in dabbobi na musamman a cikin sanannun birrai... Wannan ra'ayi yana iya bayyana a sauƙaƙe ta ikon dabbobi don yin dogon lokaci a cikin halin suma ko dakatarwar tashin hankali.
A wannan lokacin, saurin narkewa yana raguwa kuma raguwar zafin jiki na faruwa, wanda dabbar tana adana kuzari mai yawa. Ba a taɓa yin bacci ba, Gidajen lemurs masu yatsu masu yatsu a cikin ramuka na itace, kuma suna barci kuma suna hutawa kawai a cikin yanayin zama na halayya, tare da saukar da kawunansu a tsakanin ƙasan gaba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sautin murya na lemur yana wakiltar sautuna daban-daban ta hanyar irin waɗannan masanan zasu iya sadarwa tare da juna, kuma wasu sautunan suna iya yadawa a matakin ultrasonic.
Tare da farkon lokacin dumi, a matakin shiri don rashin bacci, lemurs na pygmy sun fara ciyarwa mai aiki, wanda ke ƙaruwa nauyin dabba kusan sau biyu. Adana kitse suna taruwa a gindin wutsiya, bayan haka jikin lemur yana cinye su a hankali a lokacin dakatarwar animation. A cikin yanayin yanayi, lemurs na pygmy sun fi so su riƙe ɗayan ɗaya ko kuma zasu iya haɗuwa. Suna motsawa sosai ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba ta hanyar tsalle ko tsalle-tsalle tare da rassan cikin rawanin bishiyoyi, ta amfani da dukkan gabobin huɗu don wannan dalili.
Yaya tsawon lokacin lemurs ke rayuwa
Daga cikin lemurs, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin rayuwar gabaɗaya. Misali, lemurs linzamin Coquerel na rayuwa a cikin dabi'a na kimanin shekaru ashirin, kuma wakilan jinsunan Grey lemurs na lemurs da ke cikin fursuna suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyar ko ma fiye da haka.
Nau'in lemurs na pygmy
A yau, dangin lewar dwarf sun hada da jinsi biyar, kuma ana wakiltar su da dozin iri guda uku, daga cikinsu akwai abubuwan da suka fi kowa yawa:
- Faty-tailed pygmy lemurs (Сheirоgаlеus matsakaici) - sami tsayin jiki a cikin zangon 6.0-6.1 cm tare da wutsiya tsawon 13.5-13.6 cm da nauyin jiki na 30.5-30.6 g;
- Manyan lemur na pygmy (Iroheirogаlеus mаjоr) - halin gajeren wutsiya ne, mai kauri sosai a gindi;
- Mouse lemurs Coquerela (Mirza coquereli) - bambanta a tsawon jiki tare da kai a tsakanin 18-20 cm tare da wutsiya wanda bai fi 32-33 cm ba kuma matsakaicin nauyin jiki ya kai 280-300 g;
- Lemurs linzamin Pygmy (Miсrocebus myokinus) - sune ɗayan mafi ƙarancin birrai masu nauyin jiki 43-55 g da tsawon 20-22 cm;
- Lemur mai launin toka (Microcebus murinus) - daya daga cikin manyan wakilan jinsin kuma suna da nauyi a cikin zangon 58-67 g;
- Red linzamin lemurs (Mikrocebus rufus) - ana nuna su da nauyin kimanin 50 g tare da tsayin jiki a cikin kewayon 12.0-12.5 cm da jela - 11.0-11.5 cm;
- Bertha's Mouse Lemurs (.Icrocebus berthаe) - endemics na tsibirin Madagascar a halin yanzu sune mafi ƙanƙanta na birrai da aka sani ga kimiyya tare da tsayin jiki na 9.0-9.5 cm tare da nauyin manya na 24-37 g;
- Lemurs mai gashi (Allocebus trichotis) - suna da tsayi har zuwa 28-30 cm tare da matsakaicin nauyin da bai wuce 80-100 g ba;
- Lemurs mai yatsu mai yatsu (PHаner furсifеr) - Yi tsayin jiki na 25-27 cm da jela a matakin 30-38 cm.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A shekara ta 2012, a gabashin gabashin dajin Sahafina, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 50 daga yankin yankin shakatawa na Mantadia, an gano wani sabon nau'in - Mouse Lemur Herpa ko Microcebus gerpi.
An sanya nau'ikan jinsuna shida zuwa ga jinsin halittar Cheirogaleus ko Rat lemurs, kuma jinsin halittar Microsebus ko Mouse lemurs ya samu wakilcin wasu dozin iri biyu. Yau jinsi na Mirza ana ɗaukar shine mafi ƙanƙanta.
Yanki, rarraba
An rarraba Сheirogaleus medius a yamma da kudancin sassan Madagascar, inda busassun busassun dazuzzuka na yankuna masu zafi ke zaune, suna ba da fifiko ga ƙananan ciyawar ciyayi. Jinsunan Сheirogaleus majоr suna zaune ne a yankunan dazuzzuka da kuma busassun bishiyoyi a gabas da arewacin Madagascar, wani lokacin ma yakan faru ne a tsakiyar tsakiyar yankin Madagascar.
Dwarf lemurs mai kunshe da ulu (Сheirogaleus crоssleyi) yana zaune ne a dazukan arewacin da gabashin Madagascar, kuma ana rarraba dwarf lemurs na Siberia ((heirogaleus sibreei) kawai a gabashin jihar tsibirin. Wakilan jinsunan Mirza coquereli sun zaɓi dazuzzuka dazuzzuka na Yammacin Madagascar. Kappeler ne kawai ya gano shi a cikin 2005 kawai, Babban Arewa Mouse Lemur dabba ce da aka saba da ita a arewacin Madagascar.
Microcebus myokinus mazaunin busassun gandun daji ne na tsibirin tsibirin da Kirindi Natural Park, yayin da mazaunan halittu na Microcebus rufus sune sakandare da kuma gandun daji na farko, gami da belin gandun daji a yankunan yankuna na gabar teku da kuma yankunan sakandare na bamboo.
Dwarf lemur rage cin abinci
Kusan wakilan komai na iyalin Dwarf lemur suna amfani da shi don abinci ba kawai 'ya'yan itatuwa da baƙoki ba, har ma da furanni da tsire-tsire, kasancewar su masu gudanar da aikin shuke-shuke da yawa. Wasu nau'in suna da alamun gajeren sauka zuwa ƙasa, wanda zai basu damar farautar kowane irin kwari, da ƙananan dabbobi, gami da gizo-gizo da ƙananan tsuntsaye, kwaɗi da hawainiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yawan ciyayi baya wadatarwa koyaushe don ciyar da dabbobi, don haka lemurs suna amfani da dogon hutu ko kuma rage motsa jikinsu don sake samun ƙarfi.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, dabbobi masu shayarwa a yawancin lokaci suna lallashin kansu ta hanyar lasar ruwan 'ya'yan itace da tsirrai masu tsawo. Hakoran lemur na pygmy suna da tsari na musamman, sabili da haka an daidaita su daidai don sanyawa a jikin ƙurar itacen, wanda ke motsa ƙwayoyin ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu gina jiki.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Rutting mai aiki a cikin wasu jinsin wakilan gidan Dwarf lemur an keɓance shi da wani irin yanayi, kuma halayyar auratayyar mafi yawan waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ana wakiltar su da kuka mai ƙarfi da taɓa taɓa abokin tarayyarsu. Misali, lokacin kiwo mai kama da pygmy lemur shine Oktoba. Dangantakar dangi na iya zama ko dai auren mace daya ne ko kuma auren mace daya.... A ƙa'ida, mace takan haifi 'ya'ya kowace shekara, amma tsawon lokacin ɗaukar ciki ya bambanta sosai tsakanin wakilan jinsuna daban-daban.
Bayan kamar wata biyu na ciki, mace ta haifi yara biyu ko uku da suka dace sosai. Ciki a cikin manyan lemurs na ɗaukar sama da watanni biyu, kuma zuriya da aka haifa ana ciyar da su akan madarar uwa tsawon kwanaki 45-60. Na'urar Mirza coquereli tana daukar 'ya'yanta na kimanin watanni uku, bayan haka ana haihuwar' ya'ya daya zuwa hudu. Nauyin sabon lemur mai nauyin gram 3.0-5.0 ne kawai. Ana haihuwar jarirai gaba ɗaya makaho, amma suna buɗe idanunsu da sauri.
Bayan haihuwa, yaran sun rataya a kan mahaifiyarsu, suna manne da gashin mata tare da gabobinsu, amma manya suna iya ɗaukar ɗayansu da kansu a baki. Mafi sau da yawa, a cikin shekara ɗaya da wata, thean macen Pygmy Lemur na iya hawa cikin tsire-tsire ko bishiyoyi cikin sauri da sauri, amma da farko suna gajiya da bin mahaifiyarsu.
Mahimmanci! Da zaran an yaye mai shayarwa daga shayarwa, nan take zai zama mai cin gashin kansa.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa sun kai ga balagar jima’i a shekara daya da rabi ko biyu, amma koda a wannan shekarun, dabbar tana kula da iyayenta sosai, saboda haka, kuka mai karfi yana sanya kansa ga uwar. Yayin lokacin kiwo na yanayi, ana samun sauƙin ganowar ta hanyar bayanan muryar abokan hulɗa, wanda ke hana tasirin haɗuwa tsakanin jinsuna daban-daban tare da mahimmancin kamannin waje.
Makiya na halitta
Kodayake duk da wadatarda suke da shi da kuma ciyar da mafi yawan lokuta a karkashin kariyar kambin bishiyar, wakilan dangin Dwarf lemur galibi suna zama sauƙin ganima ga masu cin karensu ba babbaka.
Manyan abokan gaba na irin wannan lemurs din a muhallinsu, na zahiri suna da wakilcin mujiya da kunnuwa na Madagascar, da manyan shaho da kuliyoyi, wasu macizai, gami da bishiyar bishiya.
Hakanan wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa za su iya farautar lemurs na lemo, ciki har da mai sirara mai sirara da zobe mai wutsiyoyi, da fossa, waɗanda su ne wakilan al'umman Madagascar civet. Sau da yawa, wakilan dwarf lemur suna fuskantar hari ta hanyar mongooses ko karnukan cikin gida na manyan dabbobi.
Dangane da kididdiga, a kowace shekara kimanin kashi 25% na lemurs na bera suna mutuwa sakamakon hare-hare daga kowane nau'in dabbobin farauta. Koyaya, daidai da lura na dogon lokaci, koda manyan asara a cikin jama'a suna iya murmurewa da sauri saboda aikin haifuwa irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Zuwa yau, gaba daya dukkan nau'ikan lemurs an sanya su matsayin kiyayewa, kuma wani muhimmin bangare na irin wadannan 'yan dabbobin ana samunsu a matsayin masu hadari. Wakilan wasu jinsuna, musamman, lemurs mai kunshe da gashi, a halin yanzu ana sanya su a matsayin masu hatsarin gaske.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda sare dazuzzuka na gandun daji na asali da kuma lalata manya da nufin amfani da su don abinci, tare da kamawa don ƙarin siyarwa kamar dabbobin gida shahara da baƙi. Sizearamar dabba da idanunta masu bayyanawa ne ke jawo hankalin mutane, amma idan aka riƙe su cikin ƙangi, irin waɗannan birrai suna buƙatar samar da yanayi waɗanda suke kusa da yanayin muhalli.
