Birin gizo-gizo (lat. Atelidae) dabbobi masu shayarwa ne daga dangin birai masu fadi-fadi (Platyrrhini) da kuma tsarin Primates. Wannan dangin sun hada da kusan nau'ikan zamani talatin, wadanda aka rarraba su kadai a yankin Sabuwar Duniya.
Bayanin biri gizo-gizo
Birayan gizo-gizo suna da suna maras ban mamaki ba kawai dogaye da ƙarfi da ƙafafu da hannaye ba, har ma da jela, wanda ke taka rawar wani nau'i mai ƙarfi na biyar. Kokon kan biri karami ne, sabili da haka, dabba mai shayarwa da ke rataye a jikin rassan kuma ya rike su da wutsiya, da dukkan gaɓoɓinta, yana yin kama da gizo-gizo a cikin dukkan kamanninta.
Bayyanar, girma
Birayen gizo-gizo, gami da birai da koka, a halin yanzu ana daukar su manyan birai a nahiyar Amurka. Matsakaicin nauyin babban mutum ya kai kimanin kilogiram 4-10, tare da tsawon jiki wanda ya fara daga 34-65 cm. Tsawon wutsiyar biri na arachnid ya banbanta tsakanin 55-90 cm. Matan wannan jinsi suna da ɗan nauyi kuma an lura da su sosai fiye da mazan da suka manyanta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin gashin katako, gashin da ke kafaɗun ya fi tsayi tsawo fiye da gashin da ke kan ciki da ƙafafu.
A yankin da babu kowa a ƙasan tip ɗin wutsiya, akwai abubuwa masu tsada, waɗanda ke da alhakin kyakkyawan natsuwa na dabbobi. Hannun goshin biri gizo-gizo sun fi gabobin baya tsayi, amma a wasu mutane suna iya zama kusan daidai a tsawonsu. Babban yatsan hannu baya nan ko raguwa, kuma manyan yatsun kafa suna da kyau sosai. Rigar dabbar doguwa ce, mai launuka iri-iri... Yankin bakin dabbar galibin launinsa mai duhu ne, kuma gashin da ke jiki launin ruwan kasa ne ko mai launi mai haske.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Birayen gizo-gizo sun gwammace su zauna a kananan kungiyoyi, kusan mutane goma, amma wani lokacin dabbobi masu shayarwa suna iya tarawa a garken mutane arba'in ko dan kadan. Wakilan dangin birai suna da hanci-hanci, ba tare da sun sauka zuwa saman duniya ba. Don haka, don cikakken aiki mai mahimmanci, wannan nau'in yana buƙatar wajabtar da isasshen manyan bishiyoyi a yankin mazaunin.
Barcin arachnid kuma ana yin sa ne kawai a cikin bishiyoyi, inda dabbobi suke a ɗan tazara daga juna. Don motsawa ta cikin ciyayi, ana amfani da hanyar rabin brachiation, rataye daga rassan ta gaban goshi da kuma wutsiya mai saurin isa. Babban aikin dabbobi masu shayarwa yana faruwa yayin rana.
Halin halin yau da kullun na biran arachnid yana wakiltar lokutan hutu, ciyarwa, tafiya, ko motsi da sadarwa. Irin wadannan marasa karfi na birrai suna kashe kimanin kashi 50% na lokutan su na yau da kullun cikin hutu, ana kashe 20% na lokacin akan abinci, 28% - kan tafiya ko motsi, da 2% - kan aiwatar da sadarwa da juna.
Kowane rukuni na Atelidae ya fi son kasancewa a kan bishiyoyi daban-daban inda aka zaunar da gidaje. Tare da sare dazuzzuka, birai na arachnid suna barin wuraren zama kuma suna iya komawa zuwa inda suke na asali ne kawai bayan bishiyoyi masu dacewa da mazaunin dabbobi sun yi girma har sun isa tsayi.
Gwaggon biri gizo-gizo yana raye
Wakilan dangin birai na arachnid sun banbanta ba kawai a cikin girma da launi ba, amma kuma sun banbanta a yanayin rayuwa. Maza a cikin yanayin rayuwa suna rayuwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su fi shekaru goma ba, kuma mata - har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyu zuwa goma sha biyar... Idan aka ba da mafi kyawun yanayi, matsakaiciyar rayuwar dabbobi masu shayarwar wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa shekaru ashirin, har ma da rubu'in ƙarni ko fiye. A cikin bauta, dabbobi suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru arba'in.
Ire-iren birai na arachnid
Iyalan birai arachnid suna da wakiltar wasu fan gida biyu, masu haihuwa biyar da kusan nau'ikan talatin. Gidan gidan Alouattinae ya hada da jinsi na Howler (Alouatta), gami da:
- Alouatta arctoidea;
- mai jan wuta (redlоuatta bеlzebul);
- bakar baƙin ciki (Alouatta saraya);
- Coiba howler (Alouatta coibensis);
- Alouatta discolor;
- launin ruwan kasa (Аlоuatta guаribа);
- Alouatta juara;
- Guyana howler (Alouatta massonnelli);
- Amazonian howler (Alouatta nigerrima);
- Mawaƙan Colombian (Alouatta palliata);
- Amurka ta Tsakiya Howler (Alouatta pigra);
- Alouatta puruensis;
- Bolivian howler (Alouatta sara);
- mai yada jar (Alouatta seniculus);
- Alouatta ululata.
Fan gidan Atelinae sun haɗa da:
- genus Coata (Аteles), gami da gashin da ke gaban fari (Аteles belzebuth), tufafin Peru (Аteles сhamek), tufafin Kolombiya (Аteles hybridus), gashin sha'ir mai launin sha'ir (Аteleffes mаrginatelatelus), baƙar fata koatu (Аteles ranisсus);
- nau'in biri Spider (Brachyteles), gami da biri biri na arachnid (Brachyteles arachnoids) da kuma jan biri (Brachyteles hyrohanthus);
- genus Woolly birai (Lаgоthriх), gami da ruwan biri mai laushi (Lаgоthriх lаgоtriсha), birai masu launin toka (Lаgоthriх sana), Birai masu laka da ulu da ke Kolombiya (Lаgоthrih biri mai ulu).
Biri mai launin rawaya (Oreonah flavicauda) na dan karamin jinsin Oreonax ne.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Mai jan hannun yana zaune a gabar tekun Atlantika da dazukan Amazon. Birai masu launin fata da launin ruwan kasa sune wakilai mafi ƙarancin jinsi, kuma Coiba howler ya kasance mafi yawan Panama. Ana samun wakilan jinsunan Guyana howler kusan ko'ina a cikin tsaunukan Guiana, a arewacin yankin Amazon da gabashin Rio Negro.
Mawaƙin Amazon yana zaune a tsakiyar Brazil. Amurka ta Tsakiya Howler tana zaune a dazuzzuka dazuzzuka na Belize, Mexico da Guatemala, yayin da birai na Bolivian Howler sun zama gama gari a arewa da tsakiyar Bolivia har zuwa kan iyaka da Peru da Brazil.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wani nau'in da ba safai ake samun sa ba shine biri mai kama da launin rawaya. Yana da iyaka ga Peru, wanda aka samo shi kawai a cikin Andes na Peru a yankunan San Marín, Amazonas, Loreto da Huanuco, da kuma a La Libertad.
Duk wakilan jinsin Koata mazauna gandun daji ne na Kudanci da Amurka ta Tsakiya: daga kudancin Mexico zuwa kan iyakokin Brazil. Lagotrixes ko Birin Woolly suna zaune a saman bene na gandun dazuzzuka, gandun dazuzzuka da yankunan hamada da ke arewacin Kudancin Amurka, gami da Bolivia da Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador da Peru.
Abincin biri mai gizo-gizo
Babban abincin manyan sufaye shine ganye da fruitsa fruitsan itace, kuma ana seedsa seedsa seedsa plantan shuka da furanni... Coats kuma suna ciyarwa da farko a kan ɓangaren litattafan marmari da furanni, amma wani lokacin ana cin abinci akan ƙwari da itacen da yake lalacewa.
Ganyen shuke-shuken yana daukar kusan kashi 20% na yawan abincin, kuma ana sanya tsaba a cikin abincin musamman a lokacin damina, lokacin da za'a iya samun wadataccen 'ya'yan itace. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun kai kashi 36% na ɗimbin abincin, manyan bishiyoyi - kusan 30%, samari da ƙura - ba su wuce 25% ba, da furanni - kusan 5%.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Birai mata na yawan gizo-gizo suna haihuwar cuba cuba guda. Babu alamun yanayi a lokacin haihuwar irin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa; saboda haka, wakilan wannan dangi zasu iya haduwa duk shekara. Irin waɗannan nau'o'in birrai suna amsawa ga kowane baƙi sosai da ƙarfi a lokacin ɗiyan haihuwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Saukewar yawan jama'a yana da matukar jinkiri, saboda yawan yaduwar birai na arachnid da haihuwar maraki daya.
A farkon shekarun farko, jariri koyaushe yana tare da mahaifiyarsa. Daga shekara wata huɗu, thean-gari sun fara gwada nau'ikan abincin tsirrai.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa na dangin birai na Arachnid ba su kai cikakkiyar balaga ba har sai sun cika shekaru biyar.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba na biri gizo-gizo sune jaguars, ocelots da mikiya, garaya, amma babban lahani ga irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa mutane ne ke haifar da su. Barazanar da ke tattare da yawan jama'a ita ce farautar dabbobi don cin nama da kame samari da mafarauta, tare da lalata mahalli na asali na biran arachnid. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, yawan sare dazuzzuka yana haifar da sanadin rarrabuwar yankin rarrabawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Nau'in mai suna Red-hand Howler ya samu lambar yabo daga Kungiyar Hadin Kan Kasa da Kasa ta Kasa da Kasa. Wakilan jinsunan Biri mai wutsiya mai wutsiya yanzu suna gab da halaka. Birai masu launin ja ba su da yawa kuma suna da rauni kuma suna da ƙarancin yanayin kiyayewa.
Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan tara na biri na arachnid, takwas suna cikin barazanar hallaka. An rarraba Central Howler na Amurka a matsayin Mai Haɗari, kuma matsayin kiyayewa na Red Howler a halin yanzu shine mafi ƙarancin damuwa. A cikin bauta, birai arachnid sun hayayyafa sosai, wanda ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar cikakken yawan jama'a waɗanda a yau ke rayuwa a wuraren shakatawa da yawa da wuraren adana duniya.
