Europeanasar Baƙin Turai (lat.Carreolus sarreolus) dabba ce mai ƙafafu mai ƙyalli wacce ta kasance daga dangin barewa da jinsi na Roe deer. Wannan matsakaiciyar matsakaiciya kuma kyakkyawa sananniya ita ma sananniya ce a ƙarƙashin sunaye - akuya, barewa ko kuma barewa.
Bayanin Roe
Dabbar tana da ɗan gajeriyar jiki, kuma bayan artiodactyl ya ɗan fi girma da kauri fiye da na gaba... Nauyin jikin babban dokin dawa ya kai kilogiram 22-32, tare da tsayin jikin 108-126 cm kuma matsakaicin tsayi a bushe - bai wuce cm 66-81 ba. Mace ta barewar Baƙin Turai ta fi ta namiji ƙanƙanci, amma alamun jima'in na jima'i sun fi rauni. Ana samun manyan mutane a yankunan arewa da gabashin yankin.
Bayyanar
Barewa tana da gajere da sifa mai siffar sifa zuwa hanci, wanda yake da ɗan girma da faɗi a yankin ido. Kokon kan na fadada a kusa da idanu, tare da fadada da gajera fuska. Dogayen kunnuwa da na oval suna da ma'ana tabbatacciya. Idanun manya ne, masu kumbura, tare da ɗaliban ɗalibai da aka tsara. Wuyan dabbar dogo ne kuma mai kauri. Legsafafun na sirara ne kuma dogaye, masu matsattsu da gajerun kofato. Jela wutsiya ce, ta ɓoye gaba ɗaya ƙarƙashin gashin "madubi". A lokacin bazara-bazara, maza suna ƙara yawan zufa da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma ta hanyar sirri, maza suna yiwa yankin alama. Mafi mahimmancin gabobin ji a cikin barewa sune ji da ƙanshi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Theahonin maza na ɗan ƙarami kaɗan, tare da saiti ko ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙuƙwalwa mai kama da yare, kusa a gindin.
Babu wani tsari mai mahimmanci, kuma babban akwatin jaraba yana da halin karkatarwa na baya. Edahonin an zagaye su a ɓangaren giciye, tare da adadi mai yawa na 'lu'u-lu'u' tubercles da babban fure. A wasu mutane, ba a lura da wani yanayi na ci gaban ƙaho. A cikin barewar doki, tururuwa tana haɓaka daga shekara wata huɗu. Kaho ya isa cikakken cigaba da shekara uku, kuma zubar da su yana faruwa a cikin Oktoba-Disamba. Mata na roasar Turai ba ta da ƙaho, amma akwai mutane masu ƙahonin ƙazanta.
Launin manya yana da ma'ana ɗaya kuma ba shi da dimphism na jima'i. A lokacin hunturu, dabbar tana da launin toka ko launin toka mai launin toka-toka, tana juyawa zuwa launin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa a yankin na baya da kuma matakin sacrum.
Caudal "madubi" ko caudal diski yana da alamun fari ko haske ja mai launi. Da farkon lokacin bazara, jiki da wuya suna samun launi mai launi ja, kuma cikin yana da launi mai launi ja-ja. Gabaɗaya, launin lokacin rani ya fi daidaituwa fiye da kayan "hunturu" na hunturu. Yawan mutanen yanzu na dokin dawa suna zaune a cikin ƙananan yankuna da keɓaɓɓun yankunan Jamus, kuma ana bambanta su da launin rani mai raɗaɗi baƙar fata mai haske da furcin hunturu baƙar fata mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin toka-toka na ciki.
Salon rayuwar Deer
Deer yana da halin ɗabi'a na yau da kullun, wanda lokuta ke motsawa da kiwo tare da tauna abinci da hutawa... Lokaci na ayyukan safe da maraice sun fi tsayi, amma yawancin lokutan ana ƙayyadadden lokacin ne, da yawa daga cikin dalilai masu mahimmanci, gami da lokacin shekara, lokaci na rana, mazaunin ƙasa, da kuma matakin damuwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Matsakaicin gudu na dabba baligi shine 60 km / h, kuma a yayin ciyar da barewar tana motsawa a kananan matakai, tsayawa da yawan saurare.
A lokacin bazara-bazara, dabbobi sun fi aiki a faduwar rana, wanda hakan ya faru ne saboda yawan kwari masu shan jini. A lokacin hunturu, ciyarwar ya zama mai tsayi, wanda ke ba da damar biyan kuɗin makamashi. Kiwo yana ɗaukar awanni 12-16, kuma kimanin awowi goma aka ba su don tauna abinci da hutawa. Nutsuwa shine motsi na barewar da ke kan tudu ko gudu, kuma idan akwai haɗari, dabbar tana motsawa cikin tsalle tare da tsalle-tsalle lokaci-lokaci. Maza suna gudana a duk yankunansu kowace rana.
Tsawon rayuwa
Roasar barewar Turai tana da babban aiki har zuwa shekara shida, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar nazarin yawan shekarun yawan karatun. Wataƙila, bayan kai irin wannan yanayin ilimin halittar jikin, dabbar ta zama mai rauni kuma tana shan abubuwan ƙoshin abinci daga abinci mafi muni, kuma baya haƙuri da abubuwan waje mara kyau. An yi rayuwar mafi tsayi a rayuwar Baƙin Turai a cikin yanayi a cikin Ostiriya, inda, sakamakon kame dabbobin da aka yiwa alama, an sami wani mutum, wanda shekarunsa suka kai shekaru goma sha biyar. A cikin bauta, artiodactyl na iya rayuwa kwata na karni.
Peananan rarar Roe
Ana rarrabe Baƙin Europeanasar Turai ta bambancin yanayin ƙasa da girma da launi, wanda ke ba da damar rarrabe yawancin adadin jinsi na ƙasa, da nau'ikan ƙananan rabe-raben kewayon. Zuwa yau, wasu ƙananan kamfanonin Capreolus capreolus capreolus L sun bambanta sosai:
- Capreolus capreolus italicus Festa ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ke zaune a kudanci da tsakiyar Italiya. Rareananan jinsunan da ke da kariya suna zaune a tsakanin yankunan kudancin Tuscany, Apulia da Lazio, har zuwa ƙasashen Calabria.
- Capreolus capreolus gаrgаntа Meunier yanki ne wanda ke da alaƙa da launin toka mai launin toka lokacin bazara. Ana samun sa a kudancin Spain, gami da Andalusia ko Sierra de Cadiz.
Wani lokaci ana kiran babban deer deer daga yankin Arewacin Caucasus zuwa ƙananan Сarreolus sarreolus caucasicus, kuma a alamance ana kiran yawan mutanen Gabas ta Tsakiya da Сarreolus sarreolus sohi.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Roasar Baƙin Turai tana zaune cikin yankunan dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka na nau'ikan daban-daban, har ma da yankunan gandun daji. A cikin dazuzzuka masu zafin nama, ana samun artiodactyl ne kawai a gaban ɓarkewar bishiyoyi. A cikin yankuna na ainihin matattakala, har da hamada da rabin hamada, wakilan jinsi na Roe basa nan. Kamar yadda mafi yawan wuraren ciyarwa, dabbar ta fi son yankuna marasa ƙarancin gandun daji, wadatattu a cikin shrubs kuma kewaye da filaye ko makiyaya. A lokacin rani, ana samun dabbar a cikin ciyawar ciyawa masu tsayi-ciyawa waɗanda ke da shuke-shuken shuke-shuke, a kan shimfidar gadajen bishiyoyi da gandun daji masu ambaliyar ruwa, haka kuma a kan ramuka masu yawa da kuma sharewa. Artiodactyl ya fi son kauce wa yankin da ke ci gaba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Gabaɗaya, erasar barewa ta Turai tana cikin nau'in dabbobi na nau'in gandun daji, waɗanda suka fi dacewa da rayuwa a cikin ciyayi masu tsayi da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire fiye da yanayin tsayayyun wurare ko wuraren buɗe tudu.
Matsakaicin adadin yawan barewar barewar Turai a cikin tsarin halittu na yau da kullun yana ƙaruwa a cikin shugabanci daga yankin arewa zuwa kudu na kewayon... Ba kamar sauran ungulat ba a cikin Turai, barewa an fi dacewa da ita don rayuwa a cikin keɓaɓɓen wuri da kusancin mutane. A wasu wurare, irin wannan dabbar tana rayuwa kusan duk shekara a kan filayen noma daban-daban, yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin kurmi kawai don hutawa ko a yanayi mara kyau. Zaɓin mazaunin yana shafar farko da wadatar kayan abinci da wadatar wurin zama, musamman a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi. Hakanan ba karamin mahimmanci bane shine tsayin murfin dusar ƙanƙara da kasancewar dabbobi masu farauta a yankin da aka zaɓa.
Abincin Turai na barewa
Abincin yau da kullun na barewa na Turai ya haɗa da kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire dubu, amma artiodactyl ya fi son abinci na tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da sauƙin narkewa da wadataccen ruwa. Fiye da rabi na abincin yana wakiltar dicotyledonous herbaceous shuke-shuke da nau'in itace. Wani ɓangare mara mahimmanci a cikin abincin ya ƙunshi mosses da lichens, da leshi, naman kaza da ferns. Roe deer ya fi son cin ganye da rassa:
- aspen;
- kai fa;
- poplar;
- rowan;
- Linden;
- birch;
- toka;
- itacen oak da beech;
- ƙaho;
- honeysuckle;
- tsuntsu ceri;
- buckthorns.
Har ila yau, Deer deer yana cin abinci iri-iri iri-iri, ciyarwa a tsaunuka da wutar wuta, ƙonewa da kamawa, hogweed da angelica, zobo na daji. Suna son artiodactyls da tsire-tsire na ruwa da ke girma a fadama da tabkuna, da kuma albarkatun berry iri-iri, goro, kirji da itacen girki. Deer sau da yawa tana cin tsire-tsire masu magani da yawa a matsayin wakili na antiparasitic.
Don biyan rashi na rashin ma'adinai, ana shayar da gishirin artiodactyls, kuma ana sha ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan waɗanda ke da wadataccen gishirin ma'adinai. Dabbobi suna karɓar ruwa galibi daga abincin shuke-shuke da dusar ƙanƙara, kuma matsakaiciyar buƙatun yau da kullun kusan lita ɗaya da rabi ne. Abincin hunturu bashi da bambanci sosai, kuma galibi ana wakiltar shi da harbe-harbe da tsire-tsire na bishiyoyi ko shrubs, ciyawa bushe, da sako-sako da ganye. Ana tono Moss da lichen daga cikin dusar ƙanƙan daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙarar, kuma ana cin allurar bishiyoyi da baƙi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A lokacin sanyi, lokacin da ake neman abinci, barewa tana haƙa dusar ƙanƙara tare da ƙafafunsu na gaba zuwa zurfin rabin mita, kuma dukkan ganye da tsire-tsire da aka samo ana cinsu baki ɗaya.
Saboda volumearamar ciki da saurin narkewar abinci, barewa na buƙatar abinci mai yawan gaske. Ana buƙatar abinci mafi yawa ga mata masu ciki da masu shayarwa, har da mazan a lokacin rutsi. Ta nau'in abinci mai gina jiki, Baƙin Europeanasar Baƙin Turai yana cikin nau'in cizon dabbobi, ba ya cin duk ciyawar da ke akwai, sai dai kawai ya keɓe wani ɓangare na shukar, wanda ke sa ɓarnar da ta haifar da amfanin gona daban-daban ba su da muhimmanci.
Makiya na halitta
Yawancin dabbobi masu matsakaiciya da manyan dabbobi masu farautar farauta, amma lynxes da kyarketai suna da haɗari musamman ga dabbobi masu ƙyallen kafa. Xwajan doki, karnuka masu rakowa, badgers da martens, gaggafa na zinariya da barewar daji suna lalata eran dawa. Hangen nesa da kerkeci yana ƙaruwa a lokacin damuna mai dusar ƙanƙara, lokacin da motsin dawa ke da wuya.
Masu farauta suna iya kai hari ba kawai rauni kawai ba, amma har ma da ƙoshin lafiya. A cikin shekarun da ke da tsananin dusar ƙanƙara, adadi mai yawa na barewa, musamman ma samari da dabbobin da ba su da abinci, sun mutu saboda yunwa ko gajiyar farko.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Rutsa mai aiki yawanci yakan faru ne a watan Yuli-Agusta, lokacin da ƙahonin namiji ya kara girma da kaurin fatar yana faruwa a wuya da gaban jiki... Utarfin yana farawa da gefunan daji, dazuzzuka da daji, amma ba a lura da keta dokar ƙasa ba. A lokacin rutting, maza na barewar Baƙin Turai suna rasa cin abincinsu kuma suna ƙwazo suna bin duk mata cikin zafi. A yayin rutsi daya, mata har shida suna haduwa da namiji.
Deer deer ne kawai keɓaɓɓu waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ɓoye na ciki, saboda haka, saurin ci gaba a cikin amfrayo ba zai fara a watan Janairu ba. Matsakaicin lokacin haihuwa shine kwanaki 264-318, kuma ana haihuwar thea cuban ne tsakanin ƙarshen watan Afrilu zuwa kusan tsakiyar Yuni. Makonni huɗu kafin haihuwar, mace tana cikin yanki, wanda daga ciki ake fitar da wasu barewa. Mafi kyawu ga calving shine gefen daji tare da shuke-shuken daji ko ciyawar ciyawa masu tsayi, waɗanda zasu iya samar da masauki da abinci.
A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, a ƙa'ida, kawai ana haihuwar yara masu gani da gashi, waɗanda kusan ba su da ƙarfi a cikin watanni biyu zuwa uku na farkon rayuwarsu, saboda haka suna zaune a cikin matsugunai na musamman. Halin zamantakewar mace da zuriyar da ke girma ya lalace makonni biyu kawai kafin haihuwar sabon ƙarni. Deer deer yana girma sosai, sabili da haka, tare da farkon kaka, nauyin jikinsu ya riga ya kusan 60-70% na nauyin ɗan manya. Maza sun isa balaga tun suna shekaru biyu, kuma mata - a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, amma kiwo, a ƙa'ida, ya ƙunshi manya ko fiye da uku.
Tattalin arziki
Abubuwan fasalin ƙimar tattalin arziƙin deasar Baƙin Turai ana yin la'akari da su a cikin mahimman mahimman hanyoyi guda uku. Da fari dai, barewa suna farautar dabbobin da ke ba da nama, da ɗanɗano mai kyau da halaye masu daɗin ci, fata mai kyan gaske da ƙahoni masu kyau. Abu na biyu, dabbar mai kofato tana halakar da tsire-tsire masu kawo babbar illa ga gonakin dazuzzuka.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Naman Roe deer shine kayan abincin da ake kimantawa a wasu ƙasashe fiye da naman dawa, barewar daji da zomo.
Abu na uku, barewa sune sanannen abu mai ƙawataccen yanayi, kazalika da kyakkyawan adon makiyaya da gandun daji. Koyaya, ƙarancin barewar Turai na iya haifar da mummunan lahani ga sararin kore da gandun daji.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A yau, bisa ga rarrabuwa na IUCN, an rarrabe Baƙin Turai a matsayin taxa tare da ƙaramar haɗarin halaka.... Matakan kiyayewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun sa wannan nau'in yaɗu kuma ya zama gama gari a kan wani muhimmin ɓangare na kewayon. Yawan mutanen dawa a Tsakiyar Turai a halin yanzu sune mafi girma kuma an kiyasta mutane miliyan goma sha biyar. Kungiyoyin Capreolus capreolus italicus Festa ne kawai da kuma yawan mutanen Siriya ne kaɗan.
Gabaɗaya, babban yawan haihuwa da filastik na muhalli na Baƙin Turai ya ba wannan wakilin dangin barewa da jinsi Roe barewa sauƙaƙe dawo da lambobin su kuma tsayayya da matsin lamba mai ƙarfi na asalin halittar ɗan adam. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, karuwar dabbobin ta samo asali ne daga sare dazuzzuka na ci gaba da gandun daji da karuwar yankunan agrocenoses, gami da samun daidaito mai girma ga yanayin canjin yanayin mutum da nomansa.
