Wannan babban kifin mai ban tsoro yana da kamannin maciji kuma ba wai kawai a cikin tsarin jiki mai tsayi ba. Kamar kowane eels, moray eels suna iyo suna rarrafe kamar maciji na gaske, a hankali suna lankwasa jiki.
Bayanin Moray eel
Eyesananan idanu, buɗe baki koyaushe, haƙora masu kaifi, jikin maciji ba tare da sikeli ba - wannan nau'in moray ne na dangin moray eel, wanda aka haɗa shi da nau'in kifin mai rai-finned. Moray eels ba ƙanana bane: wakilan ƙananan jinsuna suna girma har zuwa 0.6 m tare da nauyin 8-10 kilogiram., Yayin da manyan rayan moray ke jujjuya har zuwa kusan mita 4 tare da nauyin 40 kilogiram.
Bayyanar
Wan mutane kaɗan ne suka sami damar yin tunani game da moray eel a cikin cikakken girma, tun da rana kusan kusan hawa dutsen da ke cikin dutse, ya bar kansa kawai a waje. Ga masu kallo ƙalilan, da alama moray eels ya ɓoye haƙoransu cikin fushi: wannan tunanin an ƙirƙiri shi ne saboda kallon da ake masa da kuma buɗe baki koyaushe da manyan hakora.
A hakikanin gaskiya, bakin bakin moray eel yana nuna ba ta ɓoye ɓarnar da ke ɓoye kamar ɗabi'ar dabbar ɓarnar da ke ɓoye - a cikin tsammanin wanda aka azabtar, ɗan moray din yana kusan daskarewa, amma ba ya rufe bakinsa.
Abin sha'awa. An ba da shawarar cewa moray eels ba za su iya rufe bakinsu ba, tun da manyan hakora suna tsoma baki cikin wannan. A zahiri, wannan shine yadda kifin yake samun iskar oxygen da yake buƙata, yana wucewa da ruwa ta bakinsa yana yin famfo ta rami.
Moray eels bashi da hakora da yawa (23-28), yana yin layi ɗaya da ɗan lankwasa baya. Jinsunan da ke cin ganyayyaki suna ɗauke da haƙoran hakora masu kaifi, masu dacewa don murƙushe bawo.
Moray eels bashi da harshe, amma dabi'a ta gyara wannan gazawar ta hanyar saka musu da hancin hantsu biyu masu kama da kananan bututu. Moray eels (kamar sauran kifaye) suna buƙatar hancinsu ba numfashi, amma don wari. Kyakkyawan ƙanshin warin moray har yakai gwargwadon ƙarfin kayan aikinsa masu rauni.
Wani ya gwada kwarjinin moray da macizai, wani da leda mai ban mamaki: duk laifin shi ne rashin daidaitaccen tsawan jiki da daidaitaccen siradin. Kamannun leche yana fitowa daga siririn wutsiya, yana bambanta da babban bakin da kuma gaban goshi.
Moray eels ba shi da ƙoshin lafiya, amma ƙarancin dorsal yana faɗaɗa gaba ɗaya. Fata mai kauri, mai santsi ba ta da sikeli kuma an yi mata fenti a launuka masu kamanni da ke bayyana yanayin shimfidar wuri.
Mafi shahararren moray yana nuna launuka da alamu:
- da baƙin;
- Toka;
- launin ruwan kasa;
- fari;
- zane mai launuka masu kyau (digon polka, "marmara", ratsi-rami da tabon asymmetric).
Tunda moray eel baya rufe bakinshi mai burgewa a cikin kwanton bauna, farfajiyar ciki ta karshen dole tayi daidai da launin jiki don kar ta keta haddin kamannin.
Moray eels
Har zuwa yanzu, majiyoyi daban-daban suna ba da bayanai masu karo da juna game da nau'in moray eels. Adadin da aka fi ambata shi ne 200, yayin da jinsin Muraena ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 10 kawai. Jerin ya hada da:
- muraena appendiculata;
- muraena argus;
- muraena augusti;
- muraena clepsydra;
- muraena helena (Turai moray eel);
- muraena lentiginosa;
- muraena melanotis;
- muraena pavonina;
- muraena retifera;
- muraena robusta.
Daga ina lambar 200 ta fito? Iyalin Muraenidae (Moray eels), wanda wani ɓangare ne na tsari mai kama da igiya, suna da kusan nau'in nau'in. Wannan babban dangin ya ƙunshi fan gida-gida biyu (Muraeninae da Uropterygiinae), jinsi 15 da nau'ikan 85-206.
Hakanan, gidan gidan Muraeninae ya hada da jinsi na Murena, wanda ya hada da jinsunan 10 da aka jera. Gabaɗaya, hatta maɗaukakin moray eel yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da jinsi na Muraena: na dangin Moray eel ne, amma wakilin wani jinsin ne daban - Gymnothorax. Ba abin mamaki ba ne kuma ana kiran katuwar moray eel Javanese hymnothorax.
Hali da halayya
A kusa da kifi kamar maciji akwai maganganu da yawa waɗanda ba sa jure wa tabbaci idan aka bincika su sosai. Moray eel ba zai fara kai farmaki ba, idan ba'a tsokane shi ba, ana zolayar sa kuma baya nuna kutsawa (wanda yawancin masu kwarewa basu da kwarewa).
Tabbas, ciyar da moray daga hannu abin kallo ne mai ban mamaki, amma a lokaci guda mai matukar hadari (kamar yadda lamarin yake game da rikon sakainar kashi ga duk wani mai farautar daji). Rikakken kifi ba zai tsaya kan bikin ba kuma zai iya cutar da sananne sosai. Wasu lokuta tashin hankali na moray eels yana tsokane ba kawai don tsoro ba, har ma da rauni, yanayin ilimin lissafi ko rashin lafiya.
Ko da buga ƙugiya ko garaya, moray eel zai kare kansa har sai ƙarfinsa ya ƙare. Da farko, za ta yi ƙoƙari ta ɓuya a cikin wani ɓoye, tana jan mafarautan da ke bayanta, amma idan motsawar ba ta yi aiki ba, za ta fara yin wurgi a kan ƙasa, ta yi rarrafe zuwa cikin teku, ta faɗa kuma ta kame haƙoranta ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Hankali. Bayan cizon, moray eel bai saki wanda aka azabtar ba, amma ya kama shi da ƙuƙwalwar mutuwa (kamar yadda bijimin rami yake yi) kuma ya girgiza hammatarsa, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar raunuka masu zurfin ciki.
Da wuya wani ya sami damar tserewa daga haƙoran haƙoran moray da kansu, ba tare da neman taimakon waje ba. Cizon wannan kifin wanda yake kama shi yana da zafi ƙwarai, kuma raunin ya warke na dogon lokaci (har zuwa mutuwa).
Af, yanayi ne na ƙarshe wanda ya jagoranci masana ilimin kimiya zuwa ga ra'ayin kasancewar guba mai guba a cikin hanyoyin haƙori, musamman, ciguatoxin... Amma bayan jerin karatun da aka yi, an sake gyara moray, wanda ya yarda cewa basu da glandon guba.
Saurin warkar da raunukan da aka lakafta yanzu ana danganta shi da aikin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke ninka kan tarkacen abinci a cikin baki: waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna cutar da raunuka.
Rayuwa da tsawon rai
Moray eels an san su ne kawailura da ka'idar yanki. Wasu lokuta suna maƙwabtaka da juna, amma kawai saboda tsaka-tsakin dabaru masu dacewa. A can suke zaune duk yini, lokaci-lokaci suna sauya yanayi, amma suna barin kawunan ban tsoro a waje. Yawancin jinsuna suna aiki da dare, amma akwai wasu keɓaɓɓu waɗanda ke kama ganima a lokutan hasken rana, yawanci a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙanci.
Gani yana taimaka musu kaɗan a bin diddigin wanda aka azabtar, amma galibi kyakkyawan ƙanshi ne. Idan bude hancin ya toshe, ya zama bala'i na gaske.
Hakoran yawancin molay suna mora akan jan nau'i biyu, ɗayan ana iya ja da su: ya zauna a cikin maqogwaro kuma ya “yi birgima” a lokacin da ya dace don kama wanda aka azabtar ya kuma ja shi a cikin hanjin hanji. Irin wannan tsari na kayan aikin bakin yana faruwa ne saboda kunkuntar ramuka: mala'ikun moray ba za su iya (kamar sauran dabbobin da ke karkashin ruwa ba) su bude bakinsu gaba daya don jan abin da suke ganima a ciki.
Mahimmanci. Moray eels ba shi da abokan gaba. Abubuwa biyu ne suka sauƙaƙe wannan - haƙoranta masu kaifi da ƙarfi da take kama abokan gaba, da kuma kasancewa a cikin matsugunai na yau da kullun.
Ba za a iya fuskantar ɓarna da ke saurin yin iyo ba da kifi mafi girma, amma koyaushe yana ɗaukar wuri a cikin dutsen da ke kusa da dutsen. An ce wasu nau'in suna tserewa daga masu bin su, suna rarrafe kamar macizai a kan ƙasa. Hakanan ya zama dole a canza zuwa yanayin yanayin ƙasa yayin motsi.
Babu wanda ya auna tsawon rayuwar moray eels, amma an yi imanin cewa yawancin jinsin suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10 ko fiye.
Wurin zama, mazaunin moray eels
Moray eels mazaunan teku ne da tekuna, sun fi son ruwan dumi mai gishiri. Abubuwan ban mamaki iri daban-daban na waɗannan kifaye an lura dasu a cikin Tekun Indiya da Bahar Maliya. Yawancin moray eels sun zaɓi fadadar ruwa na tekun Atlantika da Pacific (yankuna daban), da kuma Bahar Rum.
Moray eels, kamar kifaye masu yawa, da kyar suke nitsewa, suna zaɓar ruwa mara ƙanƙara da kuma murjani mai zurfin da bai wuce mita 40 ba. Moray eels suna kusan rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a mafaka ta ɗabi'a, kamar ɓoyayyun ciki na manyan soso, dutsen dutse da murtsun murjani.
Abincin na moray eels
Jirgin moray, yana zaune cikin kwanton bauna, yana jan hankalin mai yuwuwar cutar tare da tubs na hanci (kama da annelids), yana jujjuya su. Kifin, da tabbacin cewa ya lura da tsutsotsi na teku, ya yi iyo kusa da ya shiga cikin haƙoran moray eel, ya kama shi da walƙiya.
Abincin moray eels ya kunshi kusan dukkanin mazaunan ruwa masu narkewa:
- dorinar ruwa;
- masu lobster;
- kifi;
- kifin kifi
- kadoji;
- squid;
- urunƙun teku.
Abin sha'awa. Moray eels suna da lambar girmamawa ta gastronomic na kansu: basa cin naman shrimp (suna zaune akan fuskokin moray eels ') kuma basa taɓa masu tsabtace goge (' yantar da fata / baki daga abinci mai makale da ƙwayoyin cuta).
Don kama manyan ganima (alal misali, dorinar ruwa), da kuma yankan moray, suna amfani da wata fasaha ta musamman, babban kayan aikinta shine wutsiya. Eray din moray yana zagaye da dutsen da ke matse sosai, an daure shi a kulli kuma yana fara yin tsoka, yana matsar da kullin zuwa kai: matsin lamba a cikin muƙamuƙin ya karu, wanda ke ba maharbi damar fitar da ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara daga ganima.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Ba a yi cikakken nazarin ilimin hayayyafa na moray eels, kamar sauran eels ba. An san cewa kifayen suna taruwa daga bakin tekun, kuma yana shiga cikin haihuwa na shekaru 4-6 shekaru. Wasu nau'ikan suna riƙe dimorphism na jima'i cikin rayuwa, wasu - canza jinsi, zama ko dai namiji ko mace.
Ana lura da wannan damar, alal misali, a cikin rhinomurena mai ɗaure, yara waɗanda (har zuwa 65 cm tsayi) suna da launi baƙar fata, amma canza shi zuwa shuɗi mai haske, juya zuwa maza (65-70 cm tsayi). Da zaran girman baligai ya wuce alamar 70 cm, sun zama mata, a lokaci guda suna canza launinsu zuwa rawaya.
Moray eel larvae ana kiran su (azaman larvae eel) leptocephalic... Suna da cikakkiyar bayyananniya, suna da madaidaiciyar kai kuma suna da ƙarancin farin ciki, kuma lokacin haihuwa kusan sun kai 7-10 mm. Liftocephals kusan ba zai yiwu a gani a cikin ruwa ba, banda haka, suna iyo sosai kuma suna yin ƙaura, godiya ga igiyoyin ruwa, a kan tazara mai nisa.
Irin wannan guguwar tana ɗauka daga watanni shida zuwa watanni 10: a wannan lokacin, larvae ɗin sun zama ƙaramin kifi kuma sun saba da salon rayuwa.
Hadari ga mutane
Mutane koyaushe suna jin tsoron ɓarna, suna ƙoƙarin nisantar waɗannan manyan kifaye masu ƙoshin lafiya ba tare da yin komai ba. A gefe guda kuma, ana ɗaukar naman moray eel koyaushe a matsayin abinci na musamman, saboda haka har yanzu dole ne ku kama shi.
Moray eel a cikin tsohuwar Rome
Dole ne kakanninmu da ke nesa su shawo kan tsoronsu ta hanyar kama moray, kuma a cikin tsohuwar Rome sun ma sami nasarar kafa haihuwar waɗannan eels a cikin keɓaɓɓu na musamman. Romawa suna son naman moray ba ƙasa da naman dangin ta na ruwa, eels, suna ba da abinci mai daɗin kifi a lokutan bukukuwa da yawa.
Tsohon tarihin ya adana har ma da tatsuniyoyi da yawa da aka keɓe don moray eels. Don haka, akwai labari game da wani ɗan tarko wanda ya tashi zuwa kiran mai shi, ɗan Roman mai suna Crassus.
Wani labari mai ban al'ajabi (wanda Seneca da Dion suka sake bayyanawa) yana da alaƙa da Kaisar Augustus, wanda ya kafa Daular Rome. Octavian Augustus abokai ne tare da ɗan ɗan 'yanci, Publius Vedius Pollio, wanda aka sauya shi (bisa umarnin yariman) zuwa ga dawakan dawakai.
Da zarar sarki ya ci abinci a babban gidan mashahurin attajirin nan na Pollio, kuma na biyun ya ba da umarnin a jefa bawa ga mayuka, wanda ba da gangan ya fasa gilashin lu'ulu'u. Saurayin ya durkusa, yana rokon sarki da kada ma ya ceci ransa, amma ga wani, hanya mafi raunin kisa.
Octavian ya ɗauki sauran kwanson kuma ya fara farfasa su a kan dutsen da ke gaban Pollio. An bawa bawa rai, kuma sarakuna sun karɓa (bayan mutuwar Vedius) ƙauyen sun yi masa wasiyya.
Fishi da kiwo
A zamanin yau, fasahar ɓarnatar da moray a yanayin wucin gadi ta ɓace kuma waɗannan kifayen ba su da girma.
Mahimmanci. An yi amannar cewa naman moray eel (fari da daɗi) ya dace da cin abinci bayan an fitar da duk jinin da ke cike da gubobi daga ciki. Su ne dalilin mutuwa da guban mutanen da suka gwada waƙoƙin moray da ke rayuwa a cikin sararin samaniya.
Gubobi, hakika, suna taruwa a jikin moray eels lokacin da kifi mai dafi mai haɗari ya zama tushen abincinsa. Amma a cikin tekun Bahar Rum, inda ba a sami na biyun ba, an ba da izinin kamun kifi don moray eels. An girbe shi tare da ƙugiya da tarko, kazalika da amfani da kayan aikin kamun kifi na wasanni.
Wasu lokuta Turawan moray ba zato ba tsammani suna fadawa cikin kayan da aka tanada don kama wasu kifayen wadanda suke (sabanin moray eels) wani abin sha'awar kasuwanci.
Yaran moray na yau sun saba da yawan masu fada a ji wadanda suke fada game da masu lalata dabbobi wadanda ke iyo kusa da masu ruwa da tsaki, suna ba da damar yin fim, taba su har ma da ficewa daga asalin ruwan teku.
