Gazelles (Gazela subgutturosa) su ne dabbobi masu shayarwa na artiodactyl waɗanda ke cikin jinsin gazelles da dangin bovids.
Bayanin barewa
Karamin dabba mai karamci tare da kamanninsa da launinsa kusan ya dace da dukkan ra'ayoyin mazaunan game da barewa
Bayyanar
Dabba mai girma kofato yana da tsayi a jikinsa wanda yakai 93-116 cm, kuma tsayin dabba a bushe bai wuce 60-75 cm ba. Manyan da suka balaga da jima'i suna da nauyin kilogiram 18-33.
Halin halayyar maza shine kasancewar ƙahonin baƙar fata.... Tsawon ƙahonin tare da zoben mai juyewa ya kai 28-30 cm. Barewa mata ba ta da ƙaho, amma lokaci-lokaci mutane suna da ƙahoni marasa ƙarfi, wanda bai wuce tsawon 3-5 cm ba.
Bazara suna da sirara da dogayen ƙafa masu kaifi amma masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi waɗanda ke ba da damar barewa mai ƙyallen kafa ta iya motsawa cikin sauƙi a kan wuraren dutse da ƙyalƙyali. Koyaya, tsarin ƙafafu sam ba'a nufin yin tafiya akan murfin dusar ƙanƙara ba, kuma haƙurin irin wannan dabba yayi ƙarami ƙwarai, sabili da haka, a lokacin miƙa mulki mai ƙarfi, barewar na iya mutuwa.
Launi na jikin sama da gefuna yashi ne, yayin da wuyan, ɓangaren ƙasa da gefen ciki na ƙafafu yake da launin launi fari. A bayan akwai wani abin da ake kira "madubi", wanda yake fari da ƙarami a cikin girma.
Wutsiyar tana da bakin baki, wanda yake bayyane a bayyane daga bangon "madubi" mai fari-dusar ƙanƙara yayin aikin barewar. Godiya ce ga wannan fasalin cewa wannan mai shaƙuwa mai kofato ya sami ainihin sanannen sunansa "baƙin wutsiya".
Bayyanannen rabe-raben gashi gaba daya da gashin gashin gaba daya basa nan. Jawo lokacin hunturu ya fi launi launi fiye da rinayen rani.
Tsawon gashi a cikin hunturu shine 3-5 cm, kuma a lokacin rani - har zuwa santimita daya da rabi. A bangaren fuska da kafafu na dabbar, an lura da gashi gajere fiye da wanda yake jikin jikin dabbar.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Gaananan gazelles suna da fasalin yanayin fuska, wanda wani tabo mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ke wakilta a kan gadon hanci da kuma raƙuman ratsi masu duhu wanda ya samo daga idanu zuwa gefen bakin.
Salon rayuwa
Tare da sauran barewar, barewa dabba ce mai hankali da hankali wacce ke amsa duk wata hayaniya, saboda haka, da jin hatsari, dabbar da take da kofato a hanzarta ta tashi nan take ta tashi. Yayin gudu, manya suna da saurin gudu zuwa 55-60 km / h.
Mata tare da ɗiya, idan akwai haɗari, sun fi son kada su gudu, amma, akasin haka, don ɓoye a cikin daskararrun kauri... Dabbobin garken dabbobi suna taruwa a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi kusa da hunturu. A lokacin dumi, dabbar daji ta fi son kadaici, amma wani lokacin abu ne mai yiyuwa ka sadu da kananan kamfanoni, wadanda suka kunshi a kalla shugabanni biyar na samari da matan da ba su haihuwa.
Tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, yawan garken barewa na iya kaiwa gomman mutane, kuma wani lokacin ɗaruruwan mutane. Don neman abinci, irin wannan garken yana iya cin nasara kusan kilomita 25-30 kowace rana. A lokacin bazara, mata masu ciki sune farkon wadanda zasu bar garken, sannan kuma manya da samari da suka balaga ta hanyar jima'i.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A lokacin hunturu, dabbobi na ci gaba da aiki har zuwa faduwar rana, bayan haka kuma sai a tono gadaje na bacci a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma a lokacin rani, akasin haka, barewa suna neman abinci musamman da safe da maraice, suna hutawa a lokutan zafi.
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin daji, barewar barewa tana rayuwa tsawon shekaru bakwai, kuma idan aka tsare a cikin fursuna, matsakaiciyar rayuwar kwayar halittar aviary artiodactyl tana kimanin shekaru goma.
Wurin zama da mazauni
Jeyrans sun fi son zama a cikin ɗaki ko ɗan tudu da hamada mai kazanta, wanda ke da yanayin ƙasa mai yawa. Hakanan, ana samun ɓarkewar wannan nau'in a kan jiragen ƙasa na kwari da kwari tare da sauƙi mai sauƙi. Abubuwan fasalin tsarin ƙafafuwan hannu na tilasta barewa don kaucewa sauka a kan manyan yashi masu yashi a lokacin bazara.
Dabbar mai sanko-kofato ta yadu sosai a cikin gandun dajin gishiri da na hatsi-saltwort masu hamada, kuma ana ɗaukarsa gama-gari a cikin yankin dazuzzuka da yawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yanayin ciyayi a cikin mazaunan barewar na da banbanci sosai, kuma galibi ana samun gazel a cikin yankunan kusan gammads marasa rai.
Idan wani lokaci can da ya gabata an sanya yankin Dagestan a cikin tarihin tarihin dabbar barewa, a yau ana samun irin wannan dabban mai sanƙan kofato ne musamman a yankin hamada da hamadar hamada a yankunan Armenia, Iran da Afghanistan, da kuma yammacin Pakistan, a kudancin Mongolia da China. ...
Hakanan kasashen Kazakhstan da Azerbaijan, Georgia da Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan da Turkmenistan suna wakiltar zangon barewar.
Abinci, abin da barewa ke ci
Jeyrans suna da nutsuwa sosai game da rashin tsafta, tsaftataccen ruwa a kusa, kuma wasu lokuta a sati, da yamma ko wayewar gari, suna yin tafiyar kilomita da yawa zuwa tafkin ruwa mafi kusa.
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, dabbobi suna zaɓar mafi kyau kuma a buɗe gaɓar teku, inda haɗarin haɗuwa da masu cin abincin yunwa kaɗan ne.... Cikakken rashin wayewa yana bawa mai shayarwar da kofaffen dusar danshi ya wadatu da koda ruwan daci da gishiri na Tekun Caspian.
A cikin abincin barewar, su ma ba su da ma'ana, saboda haka, a lokacin kaka da lokacin sanyi, suna amfani da farin ciki hodgepodge, ƙaya da raƙumi da itaciya, saxaul harbe da ɓangaren iska na tamarisks, da prutnyak da ephedra.
Abincin bazara da na bazara na dabbar daji yana da fa'ida sosai saboda bayyanar ciyayi mai yalwa da wadatacce. A wannan lokacin, barewa na ciyar da nau'ikan hatsin daji, barnacles, capers, ferula da albasa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A lokacin kaka, gazel na maza suna fara aiki mai tsini. Dabbar da take da kofato tana alamar yankinta da najasa, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin ramuka da aka haƙa a baya da ake kira "rut latrines."
Yana da ban sha'awa!Maza a wannan lokacin suna gwagwarmaya don ƙasa kuma suna jan hankalin mata, kuma suna da ikon haƙo alamomin wasu mutane, su maye gurbinsu da nasu. A lokacin rutting, maza suna nuna halayyarsu sosai, wanda ke basu damar tattara "harem" ta musamman kuma daga mata da yawa a lokaci ɗaya.
Ciki na mace na tsawon watanni shida, kuma tuni a watan Maris ko Afrilu an haifi cala calan maru biyu ko biyu. A cikin makonnin da suka gabata na ciki, mata na kokarin nisanta kansu da namiji da yin tafiya, galibi su kaɗai ko a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, wanda ke ba su damar zaɓar mafi kyawun wuri don haihuwa. Raggo yana faruwa a cikin faffadan wurare masu fadi tsakanin busassun daji ko ramuka, wanda ya zama amintaccen tsari daga iska mai sanyi.
Nauyin yaron ya kusan kilo biyu, amma 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan haihuwarsa, zai iya tsayawa sosai da kafafunsa. A cikin makonnin farko kai tsaye bayan haihuwa, 'yan maruƙan suna ƙoƙari su ɓuya a cikin dajin, kuma ita kanta mace tana zuwa musu sau uku ko huɗu a rana don ciyarwa. A wannan lokacin, jarirai da yawa suna zama cikin saukin ganima ga karnuka, karnukan daji, kerkeci da manyan tsuntsaye na ganima.
Yaran gogaggun goro suna girma da sauri sosai, kuma tuni a watan farko, a ƙa'ida, suna samun kusan 50% na jimlar nauyin jiki na babban mutum.... Dabbar da take da kofato ta kai girman ƙarshe na dabba babba a shekara ɗaya da rabi, amma mata za su iya kawo offspringa theiran farko a shekara ɗaya. Gawazon dawa da aka fi sani da maza galibi a shirye suke don haifuwa mai aiki nan gaba kaɗan, tun da sun balaga ta hanyar jima'i ne kawai da shekara ɗaya da rabi.
Makiya na halitta
Babban maƙiyin barewa shine kerkeci. Wani muhimmin bangare na dabbobi masu yatsu-kofato yana lalacewa daga haƙoran wannan mai farautar a lokacin sanyi mai sanyi, lokacin da dabba mai rauni, wanda ya gaji da yunwa, ya motsa cikin tsananin wahala ta cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfin gaske.
A cikin Turkmenistan, barewa da yawa sukan faɗa cikin ganda da caracal... Mutuwar ƙananan dabbobi ma yana da matukar mahimmanci, kuma zai iya kaiwa 45-50% kafin lokacin kaka. Babban abokan gaba ga jarirai da samari sune dawakai, karnukan daji, mikiya na zinare, gaggafa, gaggafa da filayen binnewa, da kuma manyan ungulu.
Mahimmanci! Babban mahimman abubuwan yanayi waɗanda ke ƙayyade ƙaƙƙarfan digo a cikin yawan adadin gazel sune damuna mai kankara da murfin kankara.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A baya-bayan nan, barewa sun kasance abin so da farin jini a farauta, kuma sun kasance ɗayan mahimman hanyoyin samun nama da makiyaya ke amfani da shi a Kudancin Kazakhstan da Asiya ta Tsakiya. Zuwa yau, an hana barewar farauta a ko'ina, kuma dabbar da kanta an sanya ta cikin littafin Red Book a matsayin mai saurin hadari kuma mai hatsarin artiodactyl.
Shekaru biyar da suka gabata, an kirkiro wata al'ada mai ban mamaki, wacce a kanta, a bikin kere-kere na kasa da kasa na 'Maiden Tower', masu zane-zane daga kasashe daban-daban suka kawata samfuran irin wannan dabbar da ke cikin hatsari, wanda ke ba da gudummawa wajen jawo hankali ga nau'in halittar artiodactyl mai shayarwa.
