Jaguarundi shine ɗayan dabbobin da basu da ban mamaki a duniyarmu. Kyakkyawan jikin weasel mai ɗaure zagaye da kunnuwa na otter, ƙarami da nauyi, wata wutsiya mai tsayi sosai idan aka kwatanta ta da jikin da salon ɓoyayyiyar wannan kyanwar da ke farauta koyaushe suna tayar da sha'awa tsakanin masu bincike.
An lura da ƙananan dabbobi masu kama da puma da jaguar a bakin kogunan ruwa, a wurare masu dausayi, a filayen, cikin savannah, a tsaunuka. Jaguarundis sun san yadda ake iyo, basa son hawa bishiyoyi, kuma suma suna da chromosomes guda 38, wanda ya saba da na kuliyoyin Turai, kananan kuliyoyi - ““an ƙasa” na jaguarundi suna da 36 kawai.
Bayanin jaguarundi
Kyanwa wacce take kama da dabbobi da yawa lokaci daya, har ma da wani tsari na musamman na chromosomes, ya baiwa masu binciken mamaki da launuka iri-iri.... Suna iya zama ja mai haske, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa. Shekaru da dama da suka gabata, launi ne wanda ya kasance babban fasalin raba dabbobi zuwa jinsuna biyu: jaguarundi da eyra.
Kuma sai aka samu wani abin ban mamaki - kuliyoyi nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu biyu ne suka halicci iyalai, kyanwayoyi masu launin ja da launin toka za su iya kasancewa a cikin dattin dabbobi. Don haka yanzu masana kimiyya sun karkata ga danganta jaguarundi ga jinsin cougar kuma ba raba su jinsinsu ba.
Bayyanar
Jikin kyanwar Amurka ta Kudu ya kai tsawon 75-80 cm, mai ƙarfi, mai tsayi, tare da tsokoki mai kyau. Wutsiya tana da tsayi, har zuwa 60 cm, kuma siriri, tafusassun suna da ƙarfi, gajere, kai ƙarami ne, tare da dusa zagaye da ƙananan kunnuwa. Nauyin waɗannan ƙawayen bai fi kilogiram 10 ba.
Gashi mai danshi ne, mai santsi, kuma ya dace sosai da jiki. Kittens wani lokacin suna da speck, yana ba su kamanni da ɗaya daga cikin dangi na kusa - cheetah, amma bayan fewan watanni 'yan tabo ya ɓace. Launi mai ƙayatarwa yana taimakawa wajan ɓuya kansa da kyau, kuma tsarin jiki yana taimakawa yawo cikin ciyawa, bishiyoyin ƙaya da kauri mai yawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Halin halayyar jaguarundi shine rashin farin launi, babu ko da tabon kunnuwa, wanda ya kebanta da dangin dangi.
A karo na farko, an bayyana mini-cougars a farkon karni na 19, tun daga wannan lokacin kusan nau'ikan dozin an rarraba su cikin ƙananan, dangane da mazauni, launi, girma.
Salon rayuwa
Mai hankali, mai saurin tashin hankali kuma mai saurin lalacewa yana kaiwa ne kawai ga waɗancan dabbobin da suke iya jimre dasu. Sizearamin ƙarfi yana tilasta kyanwa suyi taka tsantsan, ɓoye cikin basira da bin farauta na awowi. Jaguarundi yana tafiyar da rayuwa ta sirri, su, kamar yawancin kuliyoyi, sunada kansu, amma suna taka tsan-tsan game da zuriyarsu, suna shayar dasu har zuwa shekaru 1.5 - 2. Kuliyoyin daji suna kiyaye yankinsu a hankali, suna ta korar abokan hamayya daga gare shi ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba... Kyanwar tana "tafiya" a cikin savannah da hamada, tana bincika iyakokin makircinta, wanda girmansa ya kai murabba'in mita 100. km Cats suna buƙatar 20 sq. km, galibi suna zama a kan iyaka tare da maza, waɗanda ke matukar tallafawa irin wannan unguwar.
Dabbobi suna farauta dare da rana, galibi suna lalata gidajen gonaki, waɗanda aka rarrabe da rashin tsoro da wayo, suna kallon sa’o’i da zaɓan lokacin don kai farmaki a farfajiyar kaji.
Kuliyoyi suna yin gidan su a cikin dazuzzukan da ba za a iya wucewa ba, tarin itace ko matattun itace.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wani fasalin iska da jaguarundi abin mamaki ne: suna iya kwaikwayon muryoyin tsuntsaye, busa, ihu, meow da purr.
Sha'awar irin ban mamaki na dangin dangi, masu binciken sunyi bincike da yawa. Dangantaka tare da wakilan Turai, ikon rayuwa kusa da mutane, komai, farauta da rana, lokacin da rana ke fitowa a zenith, wasu fasalolin da yawa suna tilastawa masana kimiyya komawa ga nazarin jaguarundi sau da yawa.
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin fursuna, a wuraren shakatawa da gidajen zoo, iska mai zafi da ja-baƙar fata jaguarundi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15, suna riƙe da ayyukansu da ikon yin farauta. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, ba zai yuwu a tabbatar da tsayin daka na rayuwa daidai ba, masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa, kamar dabbobin gida, kuliyoyin daji za su iya rayuwa shekaru 10 ko sama da haka, idan ba su mutu ba daga farcen da hammata na masu fafatawa, tarko da kuma harsasan mafarauta.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ana samun wakilan wannan nau'in na jinsunan kwalliya kusan ko'ina a Kudancin Amurka da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Ana ganin Panama mahaifar jaguarundi, amma suna jin kamar masu su a Paraguay, Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, zasu iya rayuwa da farauta cikin aminci a cikin Amazon, ana samun su a Texas da Mexico.
Duk inda wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suka zauna, kusancin ruwan jikin da danshi mai yalwa ya zama yanayi ba makawa. Mafi kyawun mazaunin shine tsirrai masu tsire-tsire, wanda ke ba ku damar yin kamari don neman ganima.
Abinci, abin da jaguarundi ya ci
Kuliyoyin daji da ke farauta dare da rana suna kusan komai. Ganima a kaifin fika na iya zama kowace dabba, mai rarrafe, kifi, kwari, masu dacewa cikin girma.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin mazaunansu, ana daukar jaguarundis a matsayin mummunan kwari da ke lalata gidajen kaji, masu gonakin ba sa son su sosai inda ake kiwatawa dabbobi masu gashinsu masu tamani, kuma ana fuskantar barazanar chinchillas, guinea pigs, da waterfowl.
Kuliyoyi ba sa raina 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari masu daɗi, da yardar rai suna cin inabi... An tilasta wa mazauna ƙauyuka komawa ga hukuma don neman taimako lokacin da jaguarundi, tare da birai, suka shirya "hare-hare" a gonakin ayaba, suna lalata amfanin gona mai tsabta, amma ba za su iya tsoratar da dabbobi da kansu ba, suna da ƙwarewa a ɓoye lokacin da suka ga haɗari, sannan su dawo inda akwai abinci mai yawa ...
Ana buƙatar kusancin jikin ruwa da coan cougars don ainihin kamun kifi. Amma ba kifi kawai suke kamawa ba. Jaguarundis ƙwararrun masu ninkaya ne, saboda haka sun zama tsawa ga agwagwa da sauran tsuntsayen ruwa. Lizards, frogs, maciji, iguanas suma suna cikin abincin kuliyoyi.
Mahimmanci! Jaguarundi ne kawai daga cikin 'yan matan da ke daskarewa saboda tsammanin farauta a ƙafafunsu na baya. Jingina a kan wata wutsiya mai ƙarfi, dabbar na iya zama na kusan awa ɗaya, tana miƙawa cikin layi kuma tana kutsawa cikin kaurin.
Tsallakewa daga wannan matsayin, kyan zata iya cin nasara nan take har zuwa 2 m kuma ta haifar da mummunan rauni tare da farcen.
A cikin fursunoni, ana ciyar da waɗannan maharan naman sabo, sau da yawa a mako ana basu abincin tsirrai, suna yalwata da 'ya'yan itace da fruitsa fruitsan itace. Amma hatta kyawawan kyawawan dabi'un da aka haife su a cikin fursuna ba sa mantawa game da dabi'unsu na halitta, suna iya kama beraye da berayen da ke ratsa gidajensu, suna iyawa, tare da duk rashin son hawa bishiyoyi, don hawa tsauni mai tsayi domin farautar kananan tsuntsayen da suka kwarara cikin kejin.
Ya ɗan fi na kuliyoyin gida girma, jaguarundi yana da haɗari sosai ga dabbobin da ke raɗaɗi, yana yin taka tsantsan ta fuskar wata barazanar waje, yana iya kai hari ga dabbar da ta fi ta girma, kuma bugu da ƙarfi na baƙin ciki ya fizge fata mafi karko. Amma kuliyyar ba za ta kai hari ba dole, idan babu wata barazana ga gida da zuriya, kyanwar za ta fi son ɓoyewa daga idanuwan da ke kaɗa mata.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Maza koyaushe suna kiyaye yankinsu, suna barin mata kawai da ke zaune a kan iyaka su bayyana a kanta... Tare da fika masu kaifi, kuliyoyi suna barin zurfafan raƙuman ruwa a ƙasa, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, alamun “alama” tare da fitsari, kuma galibi ulu da aka bari bayan “daskarar” kyanwa a jikin bishiyoyin da ciyayi ya zama alama ga baƙi.
Tabbataccen wari da alamomin ya zama alama ce ga masu fafatawa, kuma a lokacin lokacin saduwa - don kuliyoyin da ke shirye don hadi. Sau biyu a shekara, maza suna fara yaƙe-yaƙe masu zafi don kulawa da mata. Ba'a iyakance lokacin saduwa da lokaci ba, jaguarundi na iya samar da zuriya sau ɗaya a kowane watanni 6.
Ciki yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 3, kamar dabbobi. Jarirai, a cikin dattinsu daga 1 zuwa 4, ana haifuwarsu gaba ɗaya marasa taimako, makafi. A cikin makonni 3 na farko, abin da kawai za su ci shine madarar uwa, kuma a lokacin da kyanwa suka bude idanunsu, kyanwa ta fara “ciyar da su” da wasan da aka kama.
A wata 2, kyanwa sun fara koyon farauta, tun suna dan shekara 1 zasu iya samun abincinsu, amma a shekaru 2 kawai zasu fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Jaguarundi ya balaga yayin jima'i yana da shekaru 2.5.
Makiya na halitta
Atsananan kuliyoyin daji su sami makiya da yawa a cikin yanayi. Amma ana adana jauarundi ta ikon iya yin farauta da rana, lokacin da wasu mafarautan suka fi son yin bacci.
Coyotes, cougars, ocelots da sauran maharan da suka fi na jaguarundi iya zama ba kawai masu fafatawa a cikin farautar ba, har ma da mafi munin abokan gaba. Cananan kuliyoyi dole su yi yaƙi da su ba don rai ba, amma don mutuwa. Kuma mai rauni sau da yawa yakan yi asara. Sabili da haka, mini-cougars suna ƙoƙari su guji faɗa, idan akwai irin wannan damar, su bar hanyoyin manyan masu farauta, su ɓuya a cikin kaurin daji, inda yake da wahalar gaske gano su.
Jaguarundi da mutum
Bayyananniyar bayyanar da ƙarfin jaguarundi, ƙarfin zuciyarsu da hankalinsu sun jawo hankalin mutum daga zamanin da. Wadannan kuliyoyin na iya bayyana a kusa da gidaje, su afkawa kananan dabbobin gida, ba tare da jin tsoron warin mafi hatsarin masu farauta ba - mutane. Kuma ba kamar sauran masu farautar daji ba, jaguarundi yana da sauƙin sarrafawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa waɗannan dabbobin su ne na farko da za a lallata don kare kayan abinci daga ɓeraye da beraye. Jaguarundi ba tare da jinƙai ya lalata duka ƙuraren ba, da kuma dabbobi masu rarrafe masu haɗari, idan sun rayu kusa da mutane.
Tun kafin zuwan Turawa, a cikin yawancin kabilun Indiya, wadannan kuliyoyin sun kasance a matsayin dabbobin gida, sun banbanta da mummunan yanayi ga baƙi, suna kare nasu da kare yankunansu.
A cikin mazaunan kuliyoyin daji, yanzu ana yawan yin yaƙi da su, saboda masu farauta suna lalata gidajen shanu da gidajen kaji, suna lalata amfanin gona. Ba a yi la'akari da furun Jaguarundi mai daraja ba, don haka ba a yi barazanar lalata wannan nau'in ba, yawancin mutanen Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya suna da yawa.
Amma a Turai, inda masoya ke kawo kuliyoyi, suna karkashin kariya.... Duk da karancin girmanta, mai farautar ya kasance mai farauta, don haka jaguarundi bai dace da ajiye gida ba, sai dai idan mallakar kasa ce.
