Jan fox ko jan fox (Vulres vulres) wata dabba ce mai lalata dabbobi wacce ke cikin dangin canid. A halin yanzu, fox gama gari shine mafi yaduwa kuma mafi girman jinsin jinsin fox.
Bayanin kwatancen gama gari
Red fox wani mai farauta ne a cikin ƙasarmu, wanda ke cikin rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa da dangi masu ƙarfi... Irin wannan dabbar tana da mahimmancin tattalin arziki azaman dabbobi masu daraja na fata, haka kuma mai tsara adadin kwari da beraye. A cikin bayyanar, fox dabba ce mai matsakaiciya tare da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, mai kyakkyawar jiki da ƙarancin kafafu.
Bayyanar
Launi da girman fox suna da bambance-bambance sanannu dangane da mazauninsu. A yankunan arewacin, mai farautar dabbobi masu shayarwa tana da girman jiki da launuka mai haske na suturar, kuma a kudanci, ƙananan ƙananan mutane masu launuka ne suka fi yawa. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, a cikin yankuna na arewa, da kuma a yankuna masu tsaunuka, kasancewar baƙar fata-launin ruwan kasa da sauran nau'ikan launuka masu launi na fox ana yawan lura da su.
Koyaya, mafi yawan launi shine tare da haske mai haske ja, farin ciki da kuma paws masu duhu. Sau da yawa, jan fox yana da rabe-raben launin ruwan kasa wanda ke kan dutsen da kuma a yankin gefen wuyan kafaɗa, kama da gicciye a bayyane. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin balagaggen mai farauta ya banbanta tsakanin 60-90 cm, kuma tsawon wutsiya yakai 40-60 cm tare da kafaɗarta tsayin 35-40 cm Matsakaicin nauyin karnukan da suka balaga na jima'i na iya kaiwa daga 6.0 zuwa 10.0 kg.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Abubuwan rarrabuwar kawuna na yau da kullun, ba tare da la'akari da babban launi ba, kasancewar kunnuwan launuka masu duhu da kuma kyakkyawan farin farin akan wutsiya.
Foxungiyoyin Fox
A halin yanzu, akwai kimanin arba'in ko hamsin na jan jan, ban da mafi kankantar nau'ikan wannan dabban mai shayarwa. Kimanin ƙasashe goma sha biyar suna rayuwa akan yankin ƙasashen Turai, kuma kusan sanannun ƙasashe talatin an san su a cikin sauran keɓaɓɓun kewayon.
Salon rayuwa da hali
Duk wani makircin da wasu manya ko kuma dangin karnuka suka shagaltar da shi suna ba wa masu cin nama abinci ne kawai ba, amma kuma ya dace da tsara burukan da wannan dabbobin ke tuka kansu. Sau da yawa, dawakai suna amfani da burbushin woji waɗanda badger, marmot, arctic Foxes da sauran nau'ikan dabbobin birin.
Akwai sanannun lokuta lokacin da fox ya dace da bukatunsa ramin daban na wata dabbar daji kuma, don haka, sun zauna ramin lokaci ɗaya tare da irin dabba kamar, misali, badger.
Mafi sau da yawa, Fox yakan sauka a kan gangaren dutse ko tsakanin tsaunuka, wanda ke wakiltar ƙasa mai yashi, mai kariya daga bakin ruwan sama, ƙasa ko ruwa mai narkewa.... A kowane hali, burkin irin wannan mai farautar dole ne yana da ramuka da yawa na shiga lokaci daya, da kuma dogayen ramuka da kuma dakin kwanciya mai kyau. A wasu lokuta, dawakai suna amfani da matsuguni na halitta don rayuwa a cikin ɗakunan kogwan dutse da ramuka masu duwatsu ko ramuka a cikin itace mai kauri da ya faɗi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, dawakai suna amfani da matsuguni na dindindin na musamman don lokacin haihuwa da kuma renon 'ya'yan, kuma sauran lokutan mai farautar yana wadatarwa tare da hutawa a cikin wani kogo mai buɗe, wanda aka shirya a ciyawa ko dusar ƙanƙara.
Dawakai na yau da kullun, suna motsi a cikin kwanciyar hankali, suna tafiya cikin layi madaidaiciya, sabili da haka, suna barin kyawawan hanyoyin jerin waƙoƙi da bayyane. Dabba mai firgitarwa tana da halin gudu da sauri tare da ƙananan juzu'i na jiki da kuma wutsiya mai cikakken faɗaɗa. Wahayin mai farauta ya dace daidai da lokacin duhu na yini, lokacin da dabba ta fi aiki.
Tare da wasu dabbobin da suke farauta, kodar tana yin saurin saurin walƙiya ga kowane motsi, amma yana da ƙarancin gane launuka, musamman a lokutan hasken rana.
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin yanayin zaman talala, matsakaiciyar rayuwar danniya ta yau da kullun ya kai rubu'in karni, kuma dabbar da ke farautar dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta ba za ta iya wuce shekaru goma ba.
Wurin zama da wuraren zama
Foungiyoyin gama gari suna zaune kusan dukkanin yankuna na ƙasarmu, ban da arewacin tundra da ɓangarorin tsibirin Polar Basin, inda Arctic Arctic ke zaune gaba ɗaya... Irin wannan mai yaduwar cutar ya dace sosai da yanayin muhalli iri-iri, saboda haka ana samunsa a yankunan tsaunuka, taiga da tundra, da kuma a cikin tudu da yankunan hamada. Koyaya, ba tare da la'akari da mazauninsa ba, fox ya fi son buɗewa ko buɗe-wuri.
A yankin tundra da gandun-tundra, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna bin karen daji, waɗanda suke cikin kwarin kogi da kuma kusa da tabkuna. Mafi kyaun wuri, wanda ya fi dacewa da dabbar, ya sami wakilcin yankuna na tsakiya da na kudancin ƙasarmu, inda ƙananan yankuna dazuzzuka suka haɗu da ramuka da rafuka da yawa, makiyaya ko filaye.
Idan a lokacin kaka-lokacin hunturu dabbar tana amfani da wani lokaci mai mahimmanci a wuraren da ya dace, to tare da farkon lokacin bazara da bazara, a matakin hayayyafa mai aiki, mai farautar ya motsa zuwa wurare masu nisa.
Abincin gama gari na kowa
Duk da kasancewa daga rukunin masu kama-da-kalar cin abincin, jan abincin fox ya banbanta sosai. Tushen abinci na irin wannan dabba yana da wakiltar nau'ikan dabbobi ɗari huɗu, da kuma dozin iri da yawa na tsire-tsire. Koyaya, kusan ko'ina cin abincin mai shayarwa ya haɗa da ƙananan beraye. Tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, fox yakan farauta musamman voles.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Muffling wata hanya ce ta farautar fararen fata, wanda dabbar, bayan da ta hango murfin wani sanda a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, kusan nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙan tare da saurin tsalle, sannan kuma ta watsa shi da ƙafafun sa, wanda ya sa ya zama mai sauƙin kama ganima.
Maimakon haka manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da kurege da 'ya'yan barewa, da tsuntsaye da kajinsu, suna taka rawa a cikin abincin mai farautar. Mutanen da ke zaune a yankin hamada da yankunan hamada na farautar dabbobi masu rarrafe, da masu cin kashin Kanada da arewa maso gabashin Eurasia, wadanda ke zaune a yankunan bakin teku, a kowane lokaci suna amfani da kifin da ya mutu bayan an yi wa kansa abinci. A lokacin bazara, Kura tana cin kwaro mai yawan gaske da sauran kwari, da kuma kwayarsu. A cikin wani lokaci na yunwa musamman, mai shayarwa mai iya fara amfani da gawar da aka tara don abinci. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari,' ya'yan itãcen marmari da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna wakiltar abinci na kayan lambu, kuma wani lokacin wasu sassan ciyayi na shuke-shuke.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Farkon lokacin haifuwa na dabbobin gama gari ya faɗi a tsakiyar ko ƙarshen lokacin sanyi, lokacin da mace ɗaya za ta iya bi sau biyar ko shida, gurnani da faɗa da juna maza. A shirye-shiryen haihuwar jarirai, mace tana tsabtace ramin sosai, kuma bayan haihuwar kwaiwoyin, mahaifiya kusan daina barin gidanta. A wannan lokacin, namiji yana farauta, yana barin abin farautarsa a ƙofar shiga ramin.
A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, a ƙa'ida, akwai biyar ko shida, makafi kuma tare da rufaffiyar auricles, waɗanda aka rufe jikinsu da gajerun yara masu kalar ruwan kasa mai duhu. Tun daga farkon kwanakin rayuwa, sasa suna da halayyar fararen farauta na jela. Girma da ci gaba a cikin dawakai suna da sauri. A cikin makonni biyu ko uku, jarirai sun riga sun buɗe kunnuwansu da idanunsu, tare da ɓarke haƙora, don haka a hankali suke fara rarrafe daga cikin ramin don gwada abincin "baligi".
Yana da ban sha'awa!Yaran da suke girma a wannan lokacin iyayensu suna ciyar dasu.
Ciyar da madara ba zata wuce wata daya da rabi ba, bayan haka sai 'ya'yan da suka fara fara karatun sannu a hankali su farauta da kansu. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, dawakai ba sa shiga cikin balaga kafin farkon kaka. Kamar yadda aikin lura ya nuna, wasu samari mata kan fara haihuwa tun farkon shekara mai zuwa, amma a mafi yawan lokuta suna balaga ne kawai daga shekara ɗaya da rabi zuwa shekaru biyu. Maza sun balaga kamar shekara ɗaya ko biyu daga baya.
Makiya na halitta
Kasancewa da nau'in makiyan makiya kai tsaye ya dogara da mazauninsu... Abokan gaba wadanda suke farautar dabbar kai tsaye sun hada da masu farauta wadanda suka fi karfin girma da karfi. Irin waɗannan dabbobi masu farauta suna wakiltar kerkeci, beyar, lynx da wolverines, da kuma manyan tsuntsayen ganima, gami da gaggafa, gaggafa ta zinariya, shaho da tsuntsaye. Hakanan maɓuɓɓuka na stepe, badgers da ermines kuma na iya zama barazana ga fox.
Fox gida
Kyanwa da ake amfani da ita yau da kullun tana gida cikin nasara kuma ana ajiye ta a cikin fursuna azaman asalin dabbar dabba mara kyau. Duk da ilimin halittar da ke cikin rukunin canines, yanayin dabbobin gida suna da halaye iri-iri masu kama da kuliyoyi. Misali, dawakai suna da wasa sosai, kuma suna da sauƙin koyan sauƙaƙe kansu a cikin akwatin shara na musamman.
Dawowar tana da kyakkyawar dabi'a ga ilimi da kuma karatun firamare. Irin wannan dabbar dabbar da sauri ta saba da tafiya a kan leshi ko kan abin ɗamara. Yawanci, abincin yau da kullun na ƙirar gida ya haɗa da abinci mai inganci mai asali waɗanda aka tsara don karnukan gida. Amma irin wannan abincin dole ne a ƙara shi da fruitsa fruitsan itace, kayan lambu, ganye da 'ya'yan itace.
Mahimmanci! A cikin yanayin fararen talakawa a gida, ya kamata a mai da hankali na musamman ga bin ƙa'idodin rigakafi da tsarin rigakafin.
Valueimar furcin Jawo
Molting a cikin dabba yana farawa ne a watan Fabrairu ko Maris, kuma yana ƙarewa zuwa tsakiyar lokacin bazara... Nan da nan bayan narkar da shi, abin da ake kira furcin hunturu ya fara girma sosai a cikin karen gama gari, wanda aka kirkira shi gaba ɗaya daga Nuwamba ko Disamba. Duk da yake furcin bazara yana tattare da tsari mara kyau na gajerun gashi, Jawo na hunturu yafi kauri da annashuwa. Dangane da nau'in launi na fur, ana bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan:
- jan fox talakawa;
- jan fox;
- gicciyen dawakai na kowa;
- na kowa baki-launin ruwan kasa fox.
Fushin wannan dabba mai ɗauke da furfura yana da matuƙar daraja ta masu fashin baki masu zaman kansu, da kuma wakilan manyan gwanjo da masana'antu. Ana samun adadin fur mafi girma a yankunan kudu, kuma fatun daga yankunan arewa sun yi kaɗan, amma sune waɗanda aka fifita mafi girma.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, mafarauta sun kashe dawakai da yawa, wanda ya zama wani nau'i na rigakafin bayyanar dabi'ar halitta na yaduwar cutar hauka. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, maganin alurar riga-kafi ya kusan kawar da buƙatar irin waɗannan matakan na ci gaba kamar ci gaba, harbin da aka yi wa fox.
Duk da haka, yawan karnukan da ake amfani da su ya shafi sauye-sauye masu ma'ana, har ma a mafi kyawun yankin rarrabawa, wanda ke da wakilcin yankin gandun daji da na steppe, yawancin wannan nau'in ba su da tabbas. Zuwa yau, yawan karnukan sun isa sosai, saboda haka, matsayin wannan dabba mai shayarwa ba ya cikin jinsin kiyaye halittu ko jinsunan da ke cikin Littafin Ja.
