Kurciya suna ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'in tsuntsaye waɗanda ake samun su kusan ko'ina cikin duniya. Mazauninsu yana da fadi sosai. Kusan duk mutumin da ke tafiya a wurin shakatawa ko titi ya ga waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen. Kuma mutane kalilan ne suke tunani game da ire-iren wadannan tsuntsayen da suka wanzu a duniya, amma sama da 300 a halin yanzu an san su.
Ire-iren tantabaru
Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan tattabarai, an kasu zuwa daji, na ado, akwatin gidan waya kuma, ba daidai ba, nama... Wannan dangin sun hada da tattabarai da kurciya, wadanda suka yadu a Turai da kasashen waje. Mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'in tattabarai ana lura dasu a Kudu, kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Ostiraliya.
Mafi yawansu suna zaune ne a cikin dazuzzuka, galibi a dazuzzuka na wurare masu zafi. Wasu nau'in, kamar su kurciya, sun dace sosai da rayuwa a cikin biranen kuma ana iya samunsu a kusan dukkanin biranen duniya.
Klintukh yana nufin tattabakan daji. Filayen wannan nau'in suna da launi mai launi, wuya tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, goiter jajaye ne, fikafikansa shuɗi ne-shuɗi, kuma akwai ratsi mai launin rawaya a wutsiyar. Mazaunin wadannan tattabarai shine arewacin Kazakhstan, kudu da Siberia, Turkiyya, Afirka da China. Tsuntsaye na iya zama ƙaura idan suna zaune a cikin yankuna masu sanyi. A wurare masu dumi suna rayuwa ta rayuwa.
Kurciya mai kambi kuma na tattabaru ne, wannan nau'in yana rayuwa ne musamman a ƙasashe masu zafi, misali, a cikin New Guinea. Mafi yawan wuraren da take zaune sune gandun daji masu danshi, da mangwaro da dazuzzukan daji. Wannan tsuntsu ya sami sunanta ne saboda takamaiman abin ɗabi'a, wanda zai iya tashi ya faɗi dangane da motsin zuciyar da yanayin wannan nau'in tattabarai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Daya daga cikin manyan wakilan jinsunan tattabara itace kurciya. Wutsiyar ta kai santimita 15 a tsayi. Kurciya wuya - tare da haske mai haske. Vyakhir sananne ne a Turai da Asiya. Ya fi son yin gida a cikin gandun daji ko wuraren shakatawa. Sauƙaƙe yana jure kowane yanayin yanayi.
Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'in tattabarai, waɗanda aka keɓance musamman don dalilan abinci, yana da kyau a lura da irin waɗannan nau'o'in kamar Sarki da Ingilishi na Modena. Irin waɗannan pigeons ana kiwo a gonaki na musamman.
Hakanan akwai masu ɗauke da jiragen tattabarai. Amma a halin yanzu, ikonsu na komawa wurin zamansu na dindindin ba shi da dadin sha’awa ga kowa, kirim masu ba da kyawu da masoyan asali, saboda hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani sun daɗe.
Bayyanar, kwatancin
Yakamata mafi yawan membobi a cikin iyali su sami kurciya daga Papua New Guinea, nauyinta ya bambanta daga 1.7 zuwa 3 kilogiram. Thearamar tattabara ita ce kurciya ta taguwar lu'u-lu'u daga Ostiraliya, nauyinta yakai kimanin gram 30 kawai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kurciya ba manyan tsuntsaye bane. Tsawon su, dangane da nau'in, na iya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 75 cm, kuma nauyin su daga 30 g zuwa 3 kg.
Tsarin mulki na wadannan tsuntsayen yana da yawa, tare da gajeren wuya da karamin kai. Fuka-fukan suna da fadi, dogaye, yawanci ana zagaye su zuwa karshen, suna da gashin fikafikan tashi 11 da kuma na 10-15 na biyu. Wutsiyar tattabarai tana da tsayi, a ƙarshen ana iya nuna ta ko faɗi, zagaye; yawanci yana da fuka-fukai 12-14 har zuwa 18 a cikin rawanin kambi da pheasant.
Beak yawanci gajere ne, mafi sau da yawa na tsaka-tsaka, madaidaiciya, siriri, galibi tare da faɗaɗa sifa a gindi. A gindin baki akwai yankuna marasa laushi, fata mai laushi da ake kira da kakin zuma. Bugu da kari, akwai fatar da ba ta tsirara a idanun.
A yawancin jinsuna, ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i (bayyananniyar bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji) a cikin lada ba, kodayake maza suna da ɗan girma. Iyakar abin da kawai keɓaɓɓu ne wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan wurare masu zafi, a cikin maza waɗanda gashinsu ya fi launuka haske.
Lumbin yana da yawa, mai yawa, sau da yawa launin toka, launin ruwan kasa ko sautin cream, kodayake a yankuna masu zafi akwai launuka masu haske, kamar a cikin tattabarar motley. Legafafu galibi gajeru ne: yatsun yatsu uku a gaba da ɗaya a baya, yayin da suka dace sosai don motsi a ƙasa.
Kodayake kasancewa daga cikin tattabarai abu ne mai sauƙin ganewa ta hanyar ɗabi'un halittu, wasu tsuntsayen suna da kamanni na waje tare da wasu iyalai: pheasants, partridges, parrots or turkeys.
Yana da ban sha'awa! pigeasant pigeon ta zama kamar mai farin ciki kuma mutane da yawa ba su ɗauke ta da kurciya ba.
Kamar wasu tsuntsayen, tattabaru basu da mafitsara. Wasu daga cikin masanan zamanin sun yi kuskuren yanke hukunci daga wannan cewa kurciya ba su da bile. Wannan kammalawa yayi daidai da ka'idar ruwan jikin mutum 4 - rashin 'daci' mai zafin ciki ya baiwa wadannan tsuntsaye wani 'allahntaka'. A zahiri, tattabarai suna da bile, wanda aka ɓoye kansa kai tsaye a cikin hanyar narkewar abinci.
Wurin zama, mazauni
An sami wakiltar tattabarai a duk nahiyoyi banda Pole ta Kudu... Suna rayuwa ne a dunkule daban-daban na tsarin halittu daga manyan daji har zuwa hamada, suna iya sauka a tsaunin 5000 m sama da matakin teku, haka kuma a yankunan birane. Mafi yawan nau'ikan halittu ana samun su ne a Kudancin Amurka da Ostiraliya, inda suke rayuwa galibi a dazuzzuka masu zafi na wurare masu zafi. Fiye da kashi 60% na dukkan nau'ikan keɓaɓɓe ne kawai, ba a samo su a nahiyoyin ba.
Wasu nau'ikan, kamar su kurciya, suna da yawa a yankuna da yawa na duniya kuma tsuntsaye ne na gari. A yankin ƙasar Rasha, nau'ikan tantabaru 9 suna zaune a cikin daji, ciki har da kurciya, da dutse, da clintuch, da tattabara na itace, da tattabarar koren Jafananci, da kurciya gama gari, da babbar kurciyar kurciya, da ɗan kurciya da aka yi wa kurciya da ƙaramar kunkuru, da kuma jinsunan ƙaura guda biyu: ɗan gajeren kurciya kurciya da tattabarar launin ruwan kasa.
Rayuwar tattabara
Irin jinsunan tattabarai sun sami nasarar rayuwa a gabar kogunan, a cikin duwatsu na bakin teku, kwazazzabai. Kasancewar ƙasar noma ko mazaunin ɗan adam koyaushe yana jan hankalin tsuntsaye a matsayin tushen abinci, sabili da haka, dangantaka da mutane an ƙirƙira ta tsawon shekaru da yawa.
Tsuntsaye sun kasance cikin gida mai sauƙi kuma, bayan sun lura da ƙwarewar su, mutane sun sami damar horar da su da amfani da su don manufofin su. Nauyin akwatin gidan waya da na yawo nau'in tattabarai suna zaune kusa da mutane, a wuraren da aka keɓance musamman don wannan. A halin yanzu, yawancin tantabaru masu ado suna shayar da masoya da masanan wadannan kyawawan tsuntsayen, akwai kungiyoyi da kungiyoyi da yawa a duniya.
Abinci, abinci na tattabara
Yana da ban sha'awa! Babban abincin pigeons shine abincin tsire-tsire: ganye, tsaba da fruitsa fruitsan itatuwa daban-daban. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari galibi ana haɗiye su gabaɗaya, bayan haka kuma ƙwayar ta fito. Yawancin lokaci ana girbe tsaba daga ƙasa ko kuma kai tsaye daga tsirrai.
An lura da halaye marasa kyau a cikin Galapagos Turtle Dove - don neman tsaba, tana tsinke ƙasa da bakinta. Baya ga abincin shuka, tattabaru kuma suna cin ƙananan ƙananan invertebrates, amma yawanci yawan abincinsu gaba ɗaya ƙananan ne. Tsuntsaye suna shan ruwa, suna tsotsa a ciki - hanyar da ba ta da kyau ga sauran tsuntsaye, kuma a neman ruwa waɗannan tsuntsayen sukan yi tafiya mai nisa.
Sake haifuwa, tsawon rai
Haihuwar pigeons ya dogara da kwanciya da ƙwai... Gogaggen mai kiwon tattabara na iya hango kama a gaba, tunda a wannan lokacin mace ba ta da kuzari, tana motsawa kaɗan kuma tana zama a cikin gida mafi yawan lokuta. Wannan halayyar kurciya na al'ada ne lokacin da zata kwance kama cikin kwanaki 2-3. Kurciya galibi suna kwan ƙwai ne a rana ta sha biyu zuwa sha biyar bayan saduwa.
Duk iyayen biyu suna cikin aikin gina gida don zuriya. Namiji yana kawo kayan gini don gida, kuma mace tana ba shi kayan aiki. Matsakaicin rayuwar tattabaru a cikin daji ya kai kimanin shekaru 5. A gida, inda akwai ƙananan abokan gaba na halitta kuma akwai kulawa ta dace, yana ɗauka har zuwa shekaru 12-15, akwai lokuta na musamman lokacin da tattabaru na gida suka rayu har zuwa shekaru 30.
Makiya na halitta
Kurciya suna da makiya na halitta da yawa... A Gabashin Turai, waɗannan tsuntsaye ne masu fuka-fukai waɗanda ke kama dabbobinsu a cikin iska. Zai iya zama falkus, mai larurar fadama, mai son sha'awa, kite da sauran tsuntsayen ganima. A duniya, martens, ferrets, kuliyoyi har ma da beraye suna da haɗari ga tattabarai.
A wasu sassan duniya, inda ake yawan tattabaru, kusan duk masu cutar da dabbobi suna da haɗari ga wannan nau'in tsuntsaye. Idan kun ajiye waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin kurciya, to lallai ne ku ɗauki dukkan matakan don kada mai farauta ya shiga ciki. Babban haɗari, musamman ga chickan chickan san Kaji, shi ne babban birin da beran launin toka kansa.
Me yasa kurciya itace tsuntsun zaman lafiya
Wannan imanin ya koma baya tun zamanin da. An yi imani da shi, duk da haka, bisa kuskure, cewa kurciya ba ta da mafitsara kuma saboda haka halitta ce tsarkakakkiya kuma mai kirki, tunda ba ta ƙunshi bile da duk abin da ke da kyau da mara kyau. Al’umma dayawa sun girmama shi a matsayin tsuntsu mai alfarma, ga wasu alama ce ta haihuwa. Littafi Mai Tsarki ya kuma ambaci farin kurciya da ya kawo salama.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Shahararren mai zane-zane P. Picasso ya kawo ra'ayin zamani game da "kurciya - alama ce ta zaman lafiya". A cikin 1949, ya gabatar da zanen da ke nuna kurciya tare da reshen zaitun a cikin bakinta. Tun daga wannan lokacin, hoton kurciya a matsayin tsuntsu na aminci ya ƙare asali.
Kurciya da mutum
Kurciya da namiji suna da alaƙa da dogon tarihi. Da farko, lokacin da babu ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa ta zamani, ana amfani dasu azaman isar da wasiƙa. Har ila yau, an san sanannun tattabaru. Kurciya tana da babban wuri a cikin al'ada; an ambace ta a cikin Baibul da kuma tatsuniyoyin Sumerian. A cikin duniyar zamani akwai cikakkiyar ƙungiyar ta '' tattabarai '', duniya ce cikakke mai cikakkiyar doka da ƙa'idodinta.
Tattabarai masu ɗauka
Akwai nau'ikan tattabarai masu ɗauka, amma waɗanda suka fi shahara a cikinsu su ne 4: ma'adinan Ingilishi, Flanders, ko Brussels, Antwerp da Luttich. Dukansu matsakaita ne a cikin girma kuma basu bambanta da wasu ba sai don "jin gida." Wadannan nau'ikan tattabarai sun bambanta da takwarorinsu a cikin saurin gudu har zuwa kilomita 100 / h da juriya ta musamman. A halin yanzu, lokacin da buƙatar wasikar kurciya ta ɓace, nau'in yana da sha'awar wasanni na musamman tsakanin yan koyo.
Tattabara cikin gida
Pigeons na gida ana kiyaye su musamman don kyan gani, a wasu lokuta mawuyacin hali ana kiworsu don nama. Sun bambanta da siffofi da launuka iri-iri. La'akari da mafi mashahuri breeds na gida pigeons.
A yau nau'in tattabaru wanda yake mafi shahara a Turai.... Game da masoya tattabaru a Rasha, gogaggun manoma kaji sun daɗe da sanin masu bada shawara kuma da yawa suna son a same su, amma wani lokacin yana da wuya a sami irin waɗannan tattabbun tare da mu, kodayake ba su da yawa.
Idan muka yi magana game da bayyana, to, masu kishiyoyi ba su da wani sabon abu - labulensu toka-toka tare da ɗan annuri a wuya. Yakamata a haskaka jikin; wakilan wannan nau'in suna da alaƙa da jiki da murɗiya. Hakanan Tipplers suna da halaye na jirgin sama masu ƙarfi. Alamar juriyar tattabarai na wannan nau'ikan yana da girma sosai; ba tare da tsayawa ba, tsuntsaye na iya tashi sama sama kimanin awanni 20.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Hryvnias tsuntsayen gida ne, waɗanda ƙwararrun masanan Rasha suka yi kiwonsu.
A yankin ƙasar Rasha, wannan nau'in ya shahara sosai. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, man yana da babban ƙwanƙwasa a kansa. Yawancin lokaci, manes suna da farin farin, kuma akwai jan ko baƙi a wuyansa.
Kwararrun masanan Rasha ne suka fitar da kayan keken sararin samaniya na Armavir. Ba a halayyar su da aikin jirgin sama, a matsakaita suna iya ɗaukar kimanin awa 1.5-2 a cikin iska. Tsawon jirgin nasu kuma yayi ƙasa, da ƙyar ya kai mita 100. Koyaya, gabaɗaya, waɗannan tattabarai suna tashi da kyau sosai. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna tashi cikin sauki da sauki, zasu iya yin gwagwarmaya har sau biyar don shiga sandar, kuma idan suna saukowa, galibi “suna juyawa” suna juyawa sama.
