Turakin Turai na fadama (Emys orbiсularis) yana nufin kunkuru mai dauke da ruwa daga jinsin halittar Marsh turtles. Kwanan baya wani nau'in dabbobi mai rarrafe ya fara zama asalinsa kuma ba dabbar dabba bace.
Bayyanar da kwatancin
Turkurucin Turai na Turai yana da oval, ƙarami da ɗan kaɗan carapace tare da danshi mai laushi da haɗin haɗi tare da ƙananan kwasfa. Yaran wannan nau'in suna ɗauke da carapace mai zagaye tare da keel mara ƙarfi mai rauni akan ɓangaren baya mai zagaye.
A kan gabobin akwai ƙusoshin ƙafa masu tsayi kuma kaifi, kuma tsakanin yatsun akwai ƙananan membran. Wutsiya tana da tsayi sosai. Babban kunkuru yana da jela har tsawon kwata. Yana da ɓangaren wutsiya wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a iyo, kuma yana aiki, tare da gaɓoɓin baya, wani irin ƙarin tuƙi... Matsakaicin tsawon baligi zai iya bambanta tsakanin 12-38 cm tare da nauyin jiki na kilogram ɗaya da rabi.
Launi na kwasfa na kunkuru balagagge galibi zaitun ne mai duhu, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan baƙar fata tare da ƙananan aibobi, shanyewar jiki ko ɗigo na launin rawaya. Filashin yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko launin rawaya mai launuka masu duhu. Yankin kai, wuya, kafafu da wutsiya kuma a cikin launuka masu duhu, tare da ɗigon digi masu yawa na rawaya. Idanu suna da halayyar rawaya, ruwan lemo, ko jan ido. Wani keɓaɓɓen fasali shi ne sanannen gefuna na muƙamuƙi da rashin cikakken "baki".
Wurin zama da mazauni
Yankunan ɓarke na Turai suna yaduwa ko'ina cikin kudanci, da kuma ɓangarorin tsakiya da gabashin Turai, ana samun su a cikin Caucasus da yawancin ƙasashen Asiya. Wani adadi mai yawa na wannan nau'in an lura dashi a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe waɗanda har zuwa kwanan nan suna cikin yankin Soviet Union.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Kamar yadda aka nuna ta yawancin karatu, a zamanin preglacial a yankin Turai wannan jinsin ya yadu sosai, kuma a wasu yankuna, har ma a yau, zaku iya samun ragowar mutanen da suka rage.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
Kunkuru na Marsh sun fi son zama a cikin gandun daji, steppe da yankunan gandun daji, amma kuma galibi ana samun su a cikin sabbin tafkunan ruwa, waɗanda gulbi, koramai, tabkuna ke wakilta, a hankali rafuka masu gudana da manyan tashoshin ruwa.
Bayyanan ruwa na bayyane tare da bankunan a hankali da kuma wuraren da ba su da ɗumi-ɗumi da wadataccen ciyayi sun fi dacewa da rayuwa. Wasu mutane ana samun su koda a tsaunukan tsaunuka.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Gwajin gwaji ya tabbatar da cewa kunkurucin fadama a cikin yanayin ruwa a zafin jiki na 18 ° C na iya rayuwa ba tare da iska ba kusan kwana biyu.
A lokacin kiwo mai yawa, manyan kunkuru masu balaga na jima'i suna iya barin tafkin kuma suyi nesa da shi a nesa da 300-500 m... Dabba mai rarrafe ta san yadda ake iyo da kuma nutsewa sosai, kuma tana iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo a ƙarƙashin ruwa, tana fitowa kowane rubu'in awa zuwa saman. Kunkuru na Marsh na daga cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu ruwa-ruwa wadanda ke aiki da rana kuma suke yin zina da rana na dogon lokaci. Kunkuru na iya ciyarwa tsawon yini, kuma da daddare sai ya yi barci a ƙasan matattarar ruwa.
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin yanayin yanayi, yawancin nau'ikan kunkuru masu yaduwa sun yadu, wanda ya banbanta da halaye na ɗabi'a, abinci da matsakaicin rayuwa. Turkurucin Bature na Turai shine mafi yawan nau'in, amma rayuwar "albarkatun" irin wannan dabbobi masu rarrafe na iya bambanta ƙwarai dangane da mazauni da fasalin yanki.
Duk mutanen da ke zaune a tsakiyar Turai suna da ikon rayuwa har zuwa shekaru hamsin, kuma kunkuru waɗanda ke zaune a cikin Ukraine, da kuma Belarus da ƙasarmu, ba safai suke “wuce” layin shekaru arba'in ba. A cikin bauta, kunkuru na fadama, a matsayinka na mai mulki, baya rayuwa fiye da rubu'in ƙarni.
Adana kunkuru a gida
A cikin gida, kunkuru marsh na buƙatar kulawa mai ƙwarewa a duk matakan girma da haɓaka. Yana da matukar mahimmanci a zabi akwatin kifaye na dama, haka kuma don samar da dabbobi masu rarrafe da ingantaccen kulawa da cikakken abinci mai daidaituwa. Don manufar kawata sararin samaniya, ana amfani da itacen itacen ditarwa da tsire-tsire na wucin gadi, wanda ke ba da damar samar da kyakkyawan mafaka a ƙarƙashin ruwa wanda dabbar da ake buƙata don hutawa da kuma bacci na dare.
Zaɓin akwatin kifaye da halaye
Don ƙarancin kunkuntun Turai, yana da kyau ku sayi akwatin kifaye, wanda girman sa ya wuce lita ɗari uku. Kashi na uku na irin wannan tsari koyaushe an keɓe shi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda dabba na ciki na iya ɗanɗanowa ko hutawa akai-akai. 'Yan kunkuru za su ji daɗi sosai a akwatin kifaye na 150x60x50 cm.
Wuri mafi kyawu don adana kunkuru zai zama ƙarami kuma an killace shi sosai a yankin.... Irin wannan tafkin gonar ya kamata ya kasance a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye don yawancin yini, wanda zai tabbatar da daidaitaccen kuma ɗumi ɗumi na ruwa. A cikin kandami na kan titi, za a tabbatar da wuraren da ba su da nisa sosai, kazalika da dandamali na dabbobin ruwa masu daɗin rana. Yan kunar bakin teku yawanci kunkuru yakan yi amfani da shi don kwan ƙwai, don haka ya kamata yashi.
A yankunan kudanci na kasarmu, ya danganta da yanayin yanayi, ana iya sanya kunkuru a cikin kandami na lambu wanda zai fara a farkon lokacin bazara, kuma a bar su a wurin har zuwa karshen kaka, wanda zai ba jikin dabba damar shiryawa a lokacin hunturu. Kunkuru ya kamata ya zama mai sanyi a zazzabi na 4 ° C, saboda haka masana suka ba da shawarar a shirya "hunturu" don kunkuru cikin talakawan gidan firiji.
Kulawa da tsafta
Ayan mafi mahimman buƙatu na kiyaye turuƙan igiyar ruwa na Turai a cikin gida shine tsabtace ruwan akwatin kifaye. Irin wannan dabbar gidan amphibian bata banbanta a cikin tsabta ba, saboda haka duk kayan sharar gida da sharar abinci daga abinci da sauri sun zama babbar matsalar tsabtace ruwa.
Kwayar cuta da cututtukan cututtukan microflora suna saurin yawaita, saboda haka, in babu kulawa mai inganci, zai iya haifar da ci gaban cututtukan ido ko sauye-sauyen cututtukan fata. Yana da matukar mahimmanci girka matattara mai ƙarfi da inganci sosai tare da mafi girma mai yuwuwa da gudana mai sauƙi.
Mahimmanci!Don sauƙaƙe tsabtace tsabtataccen tsabtace ruwan akwatin kifaye da ɗaukacin tsarin, yana da kyau a rage adadin kayan ado a ƙasa kuma rage ƙarar ƙasa ta ruwa.
Abin da za a ciyar da kunkuru
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, kunkuru na fadama suna daga cikin nau'ikan amphibians masu yawan gaske, amma tushen abincin shine mafi yawancin lokuta matsakaitan matsakaitan invertebrates, wanda mollusks, tsutsotsi da kuma crustaceans suka wakilta.
Mafi yawan lokuta ganimar kunkuru na cikin kwari ko kwari na ƙasa, da ƙwayoyin su... Larwayoyin kwari kamar su mazari, ƙurajen ruwa, sauro, ƙwarin icce da ƙwarƙwara ana cin su da yawa. Hakanan akwai sanannun lokuta na kunkuru da ke cin ƙananan macizai ko kajin tsuntsayen ruwa, da kuma duk wata gawa.
A cikin gida, duk da faɗakarwa da rashin wayewa, dole ne a tunkari batun ciyar da kunkurucin marsh a hankali. Babban abincin dole ne ya haɗa da:
- kifi mara kyau, gami da haddock, cod, perch da pollock;
- hanta na hanta, ciki har da hanta kaza ko naman sa da zuciya;
- crustaceans da arthropods, gami da daphnia crustaceans, tsutsotsi da ƙwaro;
- kowane irin rayuwar ruwa;
- kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da amphibians.
Abinda ake buƙata don ingantaccen abinci shine haɓaka abinci tare da busassun abinci da tsire-tsire, waɗanda za a iya wakilta da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itace, ganye, ciyawar cikin ruwa, da abinci na musamman don kunkuru na ruwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Ana ba wa samari masu girma da mata masu ciki abinci sau ɗaya a rana, kuma abincin manya ya ƙunshi ba da abinci sau uku kawai a mako.
Lafiya, cuta da rigakafi
Speciesan kunkuru waɗanda ke cikin raƙuman ruwa ba safai suke rashin lafiya ba a yanayin kulawa mai kyau, kuma suna da kariya ta asali.
Koyaya, mai irin wannan dabbobin na iya fuskantar waɗannan matsalolin:
- sanyi wanda ke tare da numfashi mara aiki da aiki, fitowar hanci daga hanci ko baki, ƙin cin abinci, rashin kulawa da haushi yayin numfashi;
- dubura ta dubura ko ta dubura;
- gudawa da ake samu sakamakon talauci ko tsayayyen abinci;
- tef da zagaye helminth wanda ke shiga jikin dabbar tare da abinci mara tsari;
- toshewar hanji;
- gurguntar da asali daban-daban;
- dystocia ko jinkirta oviposition;
- ectoparasites.
Idan akwai tsari mara kyau na akwatin kifaye, ba a cire raunin da lalacewar fata na dabba.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Mafi yawanci, marasa kwarewa ko kuma masu ƙwarewar kunkuru suna yin manyan kurakurai cikin kulawa, wanda ke haifar da nakasawar harsashi. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan sabon abu sakamakon mummunan rashin ƙwayoyin bitamin ne da alli a matakin balaga ko haɓakar kunkuru mai aiki.
Kiwo Kunkuruwar fadamar Turai
Maza, ba kamar mata ba, suna da jela mafi tsayi da kauri, kazalika da plastron mai ɗan kaɗan-kaɗan. Ana sanya ƙwai a cikin ramuka a gaɓar yashi, kusa da tafki.
Eggswan da aka kafa elliptical mace ke binne su. Kunkuruwan da aka haifa suna da kusan launi baƙar fata da alama mai launin shuɗi kaɗan.... Ciyar da dabbobi dabbobi a duk tsawon lokacin hunturu ana aiwatar da su ne ta hanyar babban buhunan gwaiduwa wanda yake kan ciki.
Dukkanin kunkuru ana amfani dashi da yanayin zafin zuriya na dukkan zuriya, sabili da haka, tare da zafin jiki na shiryawa na 30 ° C ko sama da haka, mata ne kawai ke ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai, kuma maza ne kawai a cikin alamomin ƙarancin yanayin zafi.
Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki yana haifar da haihuwar 'ya' yan maza da mata.
Ernaura
Matsakaicin lokacin babban lokacin aiki kai tsaye ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, wanda babban shine yanayin yanayi. A kasarmu, kunkuru na fadama suna fitowa daga bacci a kusan watan Afrilu ko shekaru goma na farko na watan Mayu, bayan zafin iska ya kai 6-14 ° C, kuma zafin ruwan yana 5-10 ° C. Lokacin sanyi yana farawa a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Oktoba ko farkon Nuwamba. Rashin ciki yana faruwa a ƙasan laka na tafki. A cikin gida, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna riƙe aikinsu a lokacin sanyi.
Sayi kunkuru na fadama, farashin
Kunkuruwan fadama na Turai, saboda asalinsu na asali, yaɗuwar yaduwa da rashin dacewar dangi a kiyaye gida, a cikin recentan shekarun nan sun zama kayan adon akwatin kifayen masoyan irin waɗannan dabbobin dabbobin. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, masu fahimtar amphibian suna da kwarjini saboda tsadar farashi mai sauki irin wannan dabbar gidan. Matsakaicin farashin saurayi ɗaya, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, ya kusan dubu ɗaya da rabi.
Binciken mai shi
Kamar yadda aikin gyaran gida ya nuna, ana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman don yin biyayya da tsarin zafin jiki na ruwa a matakin 25-27 ° C, da zafin jiki na wurin dumama a kewayon 36-40 ° C. Tare da kulawa koyaushe a cikin ɗaki, dabbar dabbar za ta buƙaci samar da ƙarancin zafin jiki kawai, amma har da wadataccen haske, wanda zai kiyaye hanyoyin tafiyar cikin jikin kunkuru a matakin da ya dace.
Gabaɗaya, wannan nau'in kunkuru wanda ya cancanci ya dace da nau'in kulawa mara izini kuma mara kyau a yanayin tsarewa. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa a halin yanzu ana samun kunkuru a fadadden Turai, inda aka sanya su a matsayin jinsin kariya, saboda haka, ba a ba da shawarar sosai don mallakar mutanen da aka kama a cikin mazauninsu na asali ba.
