Kiran hummingbird mafi ƙanƙan tsuntsu a duniya ba daidai yake ba: jinsi ɗaya ne kawai daga babban gidan masu wannan sunan zasu iya ɗaukar wannan taken. Haske ne kamar gashin jimina kuma yayi kama da babbar dambar Mellisuga helenae ko kudan zuma hummingbird.
Bayyanar, kwatancen tsuntsayen hummingbird
Umurnin hummingbirds ya wakilci daga ɗayan, amma mai yawa da bambancin dangi hummingbird, wanda sanannun masanan ilimin ɗabi'a ƙarƙashin sunan Latin Trochilidae.
Hummingbirds suna kama da jikin tsuntsaye masu wucewa: suna da gajere daidai, dogaye masu tsawo, da matsakaiciyar kai.... Anan ne kamannin ya ƙare - masu wucewa ba zasu iya yin alfahari da babbar '' nau'ikan '' bakinsu ba, ko kuma kyawawan gashin fuka-fukan da yanayi ya basu na tsuntsayen tsuntsaye.
Maza (kan bangon mata) suna da fitowar fati saboda launi mai haske da gashin tsuntsaye masu rikitarwa a kai da wutsiya, galibi suna ɗaukar nau'ikan bunches ko ƙusoshin ruwa. Bakin bakin yana iya zama kai tsaye ko mai lankwasawa zuwa sama, ƙasa mai tsayi sosai (rabin jiki) ko kuma matsakaici.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Bambancin bakinta shine rabin babba wanda ke rufe sashinta na baya, da kuma rashin bristles a gindi da kuma dogon harshe mai tsini wanda yake fadada nesa da bakin.
Saboda gajeren gajeren ƙafafunsu, tsuntsaye masu tsalle-tsalle ba sa tsalle a ƙasa, amma suna iya mannewa da rassa su zauna a wurin. Koyaya, tsuntsaye ba sa yin kuka musamman a kan raunanan gaɓoɓi, suna mai da yawancin rayuwarsu ga sararin samaniya.
Furan da fuka-fuki
Fuka-fukan tsuntsayen hummingbird suna kama da reshen malam buɗe ido: ƙasusuwa a ciki suna girma tare ta yadda yanayin ɗaukar, yana juyawa zuwa jirgi guda, yana ƙaruwa sosai. Sarrafa irin wannan fuka-fukin na bukatar motsi na musamman na hadin gwiwar kafada da adadi mai yawa na tsokoki masu yawo: a cikin hummingbirds, suna da kashi 25-30% na nauyin duka.
Wutsiya, duk da nau'ikan nau'ikan, ta ƙunshi kusan dukkanin nau'ikan fuka-fukan 10. Banda banda shi ne hummingbird mai wutsiya, wanda a cikin wutsiyarsa akwai gashin jela 4.
Saboda haske, iri-iri da ƙarfe mai ƙyalli, ana kiran hummingbirds da lu'u lu'u lu'u-lu'u. Babban kyauta mafi girma ga sunan yabo shine na kyawawan kayan fuka-fukai: sun ƙi haske dangane da kusurwar hangen nesa.
Daga wani kusurwar, dutsen yana iya zama kamar sumul, amma da zaran tsuntsun ya ɗan canza matsayinsa, sai launin koren nan take ya zama jaja-ja.
Jinsunan Hummingbird
Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan 330 tsuntsaye tsintsaye ne masu '' tsattsarkar ''.
Babban ana ɗaukar Patagona gigas, babban tsuntsaye mai ban sha'awa da ke zaune a yankuna da yawa na Kudancin Amurka, galibi yana tashi zuwa tsayin mita 4-5 dubu. Yana da madaidaiciya, baki mai tsayi, wutsiya mai kama da yakwana da tsayin rikodi don tsuntsun hummingbir - 21.6 cm.
Mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin iyali, kudan zuma, tana rayuwa ta musamman a Cuba... A saman plumage na maza an mamaye shuɗi, a cikin mata - kore. Tsuntsu babba baya girma sama da cm 5.7 kuma nauyinsa yakai 1.6 g.
Birkin gaggafa mai dauke da kudi, wanda ke zaune a Costa Rica, Panama, Kolumbia, Ecuador da Peru, sananne ne saboda bakinsa mai lankwasa zuwa ƙasa (kusan 90 °).
Yana da ban sha'awa!Selasphorus rufus, ocher hummingbird, wanda aka fi sani da ja selasphorus, ya zama sananne saboda kasancewar ita kadai hummingbird da ta tashi zuwa Rasha. A lokacin bazara na 1976, selasphorus mai jan kai ya ziyarci Tsibirin Ratmanov, kuma shaidun gani da ido sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun ga tsuntsaye masu tsalle-tsalle a cikin Chukotka da Tsibirin Wrangel.
Arewacin Amurka (daga yammacin California zuwa kudancin Alaska) ana ɗaukarsa mazaunin zama ne. Don lokacin hunturu, tsuntsaye mai laushi mai laushi ya tashi zuwa Mexico. Tsuntsun yana da siriri, baki kamar awl da gajere kaɗan (8-8.5 cm).
Wani wakili mai son sanin dangin yana da baki mafi tsayi (a bayan jikin): 9-11 cm tare da tsuntsu tsayinsa yakai 17-23 cm Tsuntsun mai yawan duhun kore mai duhu ya sami sunan "takobin-takobi".
Dabbobin daji
Hummingbirds sun fi son yin rayuwarsu a tsakanin furanni masu ƙamshi, suna zaɓar, a matsayin mai mulkin, dazuzzuka masu dumi mai dumi.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Asalin haihuwar dukkan tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa shine Sabuwar Duniya. Tsuntsayen Hummingbirds sun mamaye Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, da kuma yankunan kudanci Arewacin Amurka. Kusan dukkan nau'o'in hummingbird suna zaune. Banda ya hada da nau'ikan da yawa, gami da ruby-throated hummingbird, wanda mazauninsu ya fadada zuwa Kanada da tsaunukan Rocky.
Yanayin rayuwa na jan hankali yana tilastawa wannan jinsin tare da farkon yanayin sanyi zuwa Mexico, wanda yakai nisan kilomita dubu 4-5. A kan hanya, ruby-throated hummingbird ya ɗauki saurin da ya dace da gininsa - kusan kilomita 80 / h.
Tsarin wasu nau'ikan ya iyakance ga yankin yanki. Waɗannan nau'ikan, waɗanda ake kira endemics, sun haɗa da, misali, sanannen hummingbird-kudan zuma, wanda ba ya tashi daga Cuba.
Rayuwar Hummingbird
Kamar yadda yake faruwa sau da yawa a cikin ƙananan dabbobi, tsuntsayen hummingbirds suna biyan girman girmansu tare da yanayi mai rikici, son rai da motsi mai hauhawar jini. Ba su jinkirta kai hari ga manyan tsuntsayen, musamman idan ya zo ga kare zuriya.
Tsuntsayen Hummingbirds suna tafiyar da rayuwarsu ta kadaici, suna nuna ƙaruwa da safe da yamma. Da fitowar magariba, sai su fada cikin gajeren bacci na dare.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Superfast metabolism yana buƙatar cikakken jikewa, wanda ba zai iya zama da dare ba. Don rage saurin metabolism, hummingbird tana bacci: a wannan lokacin, yanayin zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa 17-21 C °, kuma bugun ya ragu. Idan rana ta fito, hibernation dinsa zai kare.
Sabanin yadda ake yadawa, ba duk tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna yin bulala 50-100 a dakika daya a cikin jirgi ba: manyan hummingbirds an iyakance su da shanyewar jiki 8-10.
Gudun tsuntsaye da ɗan kamannin tafiya na malam buɗe ido, amma tabbas ya zarce na biyun cikin mawuyacin hali da motsi. Tsuntsayen hummingbir na tashi sama da ƙasa, da baya da baya, zuwa ɓangarorin, suna yin shawagi marasa motsi, kuma suma suna farawa da sauka a tsaye.
Lokacin da take shawagi, fikafikan tsuntsayen suna bayyana takwas a cikin iska, wanda zai baka damar zama mara motsi, rike jikin hummingbird din a tsaye. Wannan ya banbanta tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa daga sauran tsuntsayen da zasu iya rataye su kawai. Motsi-fuka-fukai suna wucewa har abin da suke nunawa ya dushe: da alama hummingbird din kawai ya daskare a gaban furen.
Ciyarwa, kamawar tsuntsayen tsuntsaye
Saboda saurin kuzari, ana tilasta tsuntsaye su ci gaba da ciyar da kansu da abinci, wanda suke shagaltar neman dare da rana. Tsuntsayen humming ba su da koshin lafiya wanda hakan ya sa suke ci sau biyu a rana kamar yadda suke nauyi.... Ba za ku taɓa ganin tsuntsun cin abinci yana zaune a ƙasa ko a kan reshe ba - ana cin abincin ne kawai a kan tashi.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Yawancin abincin hummingbird shine tsabagen fure da fure daga tsire-tsire masu zafi. Daban-daban tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna da abubuwan da suke so na gastronomic: wani ya tashi daga fure zuwa fure, kuma wani yana iya cin abinci a kan nectar daga jinsin tsire-tsire.
Akwai zato cewa siffar bakinta na nau'ikan nau'ikan hummingbird shima saboda tsarin kofin fure ne.
Idan ana son samun ruwan tsakin, dole ne tsuntsuyen su saukar da harshensu a wuyan fula akalla sau 20 a dakika daya. Bayan ya taɓa abu mai ɗanɗano, harshen da yake lanƙwasa yana faɗaɗawa kuma yana sake murɗawa yayin da aka ja shi cikin bakin.
Nectar da pollen suna ba tsuntsayen wadataccen carbohydrates, amma ba za su iya biyan bukatun furotin ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dole su farautar ƙananan kwari, waɗanda suke kamawa daidai lokacin da suke tashi ko kuma yage su daga yanar gizo.
Abokan gaba na tsuntsu
A dabi'a, hummingbirds ba ta da makiya da yawa. Tsuntsaye masu rarrafe da macizan bishiyoyi suna yin farautar tsuntsaye, suna ba da lokacinsu a cikin wadataccen ciyawar ciyayi.
Jerin abokan gaba na tsuntsayen tsuntsaye na iya haɗawa da mutumin da ke lalata birdsan tsuntsaye saboda fuka-fukan fuka-fuki. Mafarautan plumage sun yi ƙoƙari sosai don tabbatar da cewa wasu nau'o'in tsuntsaye masu tsattsauran ra'ayi (musamman waɗanda ke da iyakantaccen iyaka) sun ƙi, suna gabatowa layin cikakke.
Kiwan Hummingbird
Tsuntsaye suna da aure fiye da daya: jinsunan kudanci suna yin kiwo duk shekara, na arewa sai bazara. Namiji ya ɗauki aikinsa ne don kare shafin daga maganganun maƙwabta, amma bayan ya sadu, sai ya ɓuya daga matalauci kuma ya ba mace duk ayyukan da ke zuwa game da ɗiyansu.
Abu na farko da kawayen da aka watsar da su ke yi shine gina gida, wanda take amfani da shi da ciyawar ciyawa, gansakuka, da laushi. Gida yana manne wa ganye, rassa har ma da saman dutsen: yau tsuntsu yana aiki a matsayin mai gyara.
Tinaramar gida kamar rabin ƙwallen goro take kuma tana riƙe da ƙwayayen fararen ƙwai guda biyu... Mace tana ba su kwatankwacin kwanaki 14-19, tana katsewa kawai don abinci da kariya daga abokan gaba waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin kutsawa cikin kama. Ta hanzarta kai musu hari, tana cusa ɗan bakinta cikin idon maciji ko jikin gizo-gizo ba tare da nadama ba.
Yaran da aka haifa suna buƙatar wadatar da makamashi koyaushe a cikin hanyar nectar. Mahaifiyarsa ce ta kawo shi, kullun yana ta yawo tsakanin gida da furanni.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A rashin mahaifiya na dogon lokaci, kajin da ke fama da yunwa suna bacci, kuma dole ne tsuntsu ta tashi 'ya'yanta marasa nutsuwa domin matsa musu ruwan da ke ba su rai.
Kaji suna girma ta tsalle da iyaka kuma bayan kwanaki 20-25 suna shirye don tashi daga cikin gida na asali.
Adadin, yawan jama'a
Kamawar tsuntsaye na hummingbirds ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa yawan jinsuna da yawa sun ragu sosai, kuma wasu sun shiga cikin Littafin Ja. Yanzu mafi yawan jama'a suna zaune a Ecuador, Colombia da Venezuela, amma a kusan dukkanin mazaunan waɗannan tsuntsaye suna fuskantar barazanar hallaka.
Amfani da yawan jama'a yana da alaƙa da yanayin muhalli: ɗayan hummingbird dole ne ya ɗauki tsirrai daga furanni 1,500 kowace rana, yana ba da ƙarfi don saurin gudu (kilomita 150 / h) da kuma shawagi a kai a kai.
Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Instituzione Centro Colibrì ta yi shekaru tana ƙoƙari ta haifar da ƙwayayen ƙwai. Wannan yana da matukar wahala saboda qwai hummingbird suna da matukar damuwa da CO to, zazzabi da zafi. Petersime ya taimaka wa masana kimiyya, yana ba da Embryo-Response Technology ™... Don haka, a cikin shekarar 2015, shigar da qwai hummingbird a karon farko ya zama gaskiya, yana ba da bege na dawo da yawan jama'a.
Bayanin Hummingbird
Baya ga gaskiyar cewa mafi ƙanƙan tsuntsu a duniya an jera shi a cikin jerin tsuntsaye na hummingbird, akwai ƙarin nasarori da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta shi da jimlar tsuntsayen duka:
- hummingbirds na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ganyayyaki;
- su (tsuntsayen kawai) na iya tashi ta wata fuskar;
- hummingbird ta sanya wa suna mafi tsuntsu mai fadin duniya;
- bugun zuciya a hutawa ya buge 500 a minti daya, kuma a tashi - 1200 ko sama da haka.
- idan mutum ya girgiza hannayensa cikin saurin fuka-fukin reshen hummingbird a minti daya, zai dumama zuwa 400 ° C;
- zuciyar hummingbird tana dauke da kashi 40-50% na girman jiki.
