Dabbar dabba mai cin dabba, dabbar polar, ko polar bear (Ursus maritimus), dangi ne na kusa da beyar mai ruwan kasa kuma ita ce mafi girman ƙasar da ke cin ƙasar yau.
Fasali da Bayani
Polar bear yana daya daga cikin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa daga tsarin dabbobi masu farauta.... Tsawon jiki na baligi mita uku ne kuma nauyi ya kai tan. Matsakaicin nauyin namiji, a matsayin doka, ya banbanta tsakanin kilo 400 zuwa 800 tare da tsayin jiki na 2.0-2.5 m, tsayin da ya bushe bai wuce mita ɗaya da rabi ba. Mata sun fi ƙanƙanta, kuma nauyinsu da wuya ya wuce 200-250 kg. Nauyin mafi ƙarancin belar bear ya haɗa da mutanen da ke zaune a Svalbard, yayin da ake samun mafi girma a kusa da Tekun Bering.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Halin halayyar belar marainiya shine kasancewar wata doguwar wuya da kayataccen kai. Fatar baƙar fata ce, kuma launin gashin gashi na iya bambanta daga fari zuwa launuka masu rawaya. A lokacin bazara, fur din dabbar yakan zama rawaya sakamakon dadewa da yayi zuwa hasken rana.
Gashi na belar bea ba shi da launin launi, kuma gashin suna da tsari mara kyau. Wani fasali na gashin translucent shine ikon watsa haske kawai na ultraviolet, wanda ke ba da ulu babban halayen inshora na zafin jiki. Akwai kuma ulu mai hana zamewa a tafin gabobin. Braunƙarar ninkaya tsakanin yatsun kafa. Manyan fika suna ba wa mai farautar damar riƙe har ma da ƙarfi da manyan ganima.
Subsananan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa
Aungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da ke kusa da sanannen sanannen ɗan polar bear a yau shi ne babban gogaggen polar bear ko U. maritimus tyrannus. Babban fasalin wannan ƙananan ƙananan shine girman girman jiki. Tsawon jiki na baligi na iya zama mita huɗu, kuma matsakaicin nauyi ya wuce tan.
A yankin Burtaniya, a cikin kudaden Pleistocene, ya yiwu a sami ragowar ulna guda daya mallakar wata katuwar polar bear, wanda ya ba da damar tantance matsayinta. A bayyane yake, babban mai cin nama ya dace da farautar manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa. A cewar masana kimiyya, mafi yuwuwar dalilin bacewar wadannan ragin shine karancin abinci a karshen lokacin icing.
Wurin zama
Yankin da ke kewaye da polar bear ya iyakance ta yankin arewacin tekun nahiyoyi da kuma kudanci na rarraba kankara kankara, da kuma iyakar arewacin igiyoyin ruwan dumi. Yankin rarrabawa ya haɗa da yankuna huɗu:
- mazaunin dindindin;
- mazaunin dabbobi masu yawa;
- wurin faruwa na yau da kullun na mata masu ciki;
- yankin nesa da kudu.
Polar Bears suna zaune a duk gabar tekun Greenland, kankara na Tekun Greenland kudu da tsibirin Jan Mayen, Tsibirin Svalbard, da kuma Franz Josef Land da Novaya Zemlya a cikin Tekun Barents, Tsibirin Bear, Vai-gach da Kolguev, Kara Tekun. An lura da adadi mai yawa na polar a bakin tekun nahiyoyin Tekun Laptev, da kuma Tekun Siberia ta Gabas, Chukchi da kuma Beaufort. Babban zangon mafi girman yawan masu farauta yana wakiltar gangaren Yankin Tekun Arctic.
Belar mata masu juna biyu suna kwance a rami a cikin yankuna masu zuwa:
- arewa maso yamma da arewa maso gabas Greenland;
- yankin kudu maso gabashin Spitsbergen;
- bangaren yammacin Franz Josef Land;
- arewacin tsibirin Novaya Zemlya;
- kananan tsibiran Tekun Kara;
- Northernasar Arewa;
- arewaci da arewa maso gabashin yankin Taimyr Peninsula;
- da Lena delta da Bear Islands na Gabashin Siberia;
- bakin teku da kuma tsibirai da ke kusa da yankin Tekun Chukchi;
- Tsibirin Wrangel;
- kudancin tsibirin Banks;
- bakin tekun Simpson Peninsula;
- gabar arewa maso gabas na Baffin Land da Tsibirin Southampton.
Hakanan ana lura da ledoji tare da bea masu juna biyu a kan kankara a cikin Tekun Beaufort. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, a matsayinka na doka, a farkon bazara, belar belar suna yin doguwar tafiya zuwa Iceland da Scandinavia, da kuma yankin Kanin, Anadyr Bay da Kamchatka. Tare da kankara da lokacin ketare Kamchatka, dabbobin farauta wasu lokuta sukan ƙare a Tekun Japan da Okhotsk.
Siffofin wuta
Belar Belar na da kyakkyawar ma'anar ƙamshi, da kuma gabobin ji da gani, don haka ba abu mai wuya ga mai farauta ya lura da farautarsa a tazarar kilomita da yawa ba.
Abincin cincin polar bear an tantance shi ne ta hanyar halayen yankin rarrabawa da halayen jikinsa... An dace da mai farautar ya dace da tsananin lokacin sanyi na hunturu da doguwar iyo a cikin ruwa mai kankara, don haka wakilan teku na duniyar dabbobi, gami da urchin teku da walruses, galibi sukan zama abin farautarta. Hakanan ƙwai, kajin, dabbobin jarirai, da gawar a cikin gawarwakin dabbobin teku da kifaye, waɗanda kalaman da ke kan tekun suka watsar, ana amfani da su don abinci.
Idan za ta yiwu, cin abincin polar bear na iya zama mai zaɓe sosai. A cikin hatimin da aka kama ko kuma walruses, mai farautar yana cin fata da kitse na jiki. Koyaya, dabba mai tsananin yunwa tana iya cin gawarwakin abokan aikinta. Yana da wuya ƙarancin masu cin abincin su wadatar da abincin su da 'ya'yan itacen berry da gansakuka. Canje-canje a yanayin canjin yana da tasiri sosai kan abinci mai gina jiki, wanda shine dalilin da yasa beyar polar ke ta farauta a ƙasar kwanan nan.
Salon rayuwa
Polar Bears na yin ƙaura na lokaci-lokaci, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon canje-canje na shekara-shekara a cikin yankuna da iyakokin kankara na polar. A lokacin rani, dabbobin suna komawa zuwa ga sanda, kuma a lokacin sanyi, yawan dabbobin suna motsawa zuwa ɓangaren kudanci kuma suna shiga yankin.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Duk da cewa damun belar galibi suna zama a bakin teku ko kankara, a lokacin sanyi, dabbobin suna kwance a cikin rami da ke gefen babban yankin ko tsibirin, wani lokacin a nisan mita hamsin daga layin teku.
Tsawan lokacin bacci na polar bear, a matsayinka na doka, ya banbanta tsakanin kwanaki 50-80, amma yawanci mata masu ciki ne suke bacci. Ba daidai ba ne kuma ɗan gajeren barci ne na al'ada ga maza da dabbobi.
A kan ƙasa, wannan mafarautan an bambanta shi da saurinsa, kuma yana iyo da kyau kuma yana nitse sosai.
Duk da sannu a hankali, kasalar polar bear tana yaudara. A kan ƙasa, ana rarrabe wannan mai cutar da saurinsa da saurinsa, kuma a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, babban dabba yana iyo da kyau kuma yana nitse sosai. Jikin polar bear yana da kariya mai kauri mai kauri, wanda ke hana yin ruwa a cikin ruwan sanyi kuma yana da kyawawan halaye masu riƙe zafi. Aya daga cikin mahimman halaye masu dacewa shine kasancewar babban ɗamarar mai mai ƙwanƙwasa, kaurinsa zai iya kaiwa 8-10 cm. Farin launi na sutura yana taimaka wa mai farautar ya yi nasarar ɓoye kamanta daga asalin dusar ƙanƙara da kankara.
Sake haifuwa
Dogaro da yawan lura, lokacin rutarwa don belar yana ɗaukar kimanin wata ɗaya kuma yawanci yakan fara ne a tsakiyar Maris. A wannan lokacin, an raba masu faraawa gida biyu, amma kuma ana samun mata, tare da maza da yawa a lokaci guda. Lokacin saduwa yana ɗaukar sati biyu.
Polar ɗaukar ciki
Ya ɗauki kimanin watanni takwas, amma ya dogara da wasu yanayi, yana iya bambanta tsakanin ranakun 195-262... Kusan ba zai yiwu a iya rarrabe mace mai juna biyu ta gani daga bera ba. Kimanin 'yan watanni kafin haihuwar, bambancin halayya ya bayyana kuma mata suna da saurin fushi, ba sa yin komai, suna kwance a kan ciki na dogon lokaci kuma suna rasa ci. Lilin yana ɗauke da ofa cuban ofa oftenan biyu, kuma haihuwar cubayan isa isa al'ada ce ga samari, mata masu kamun kai. Bear mai ciki tana tafiya a kan ƙasa a lokacin kaka, kuma tana ciyar da duk lokacin hunturu a cikin kogon dusar ƙanƙara, wanda yake, galibi, kusa da gabar teku.
Kai kulawa
A kwanakin farko bayan haihuwa, dabbar dabbar na kwanciya kwance a kusa da ita kusan kowane lokaci.... Gajere da mara kaɗan gashi bai isa ga dumama kansa ba, sabili da haka sabbin cubabornan bebi suna tsakanin theafafun uwa da kirjinta, kuma polar bear tana dumama su da numfashinta. Matsakaicin nauyin jarirai sabbin haihuwa galibi baya wuce kilogram tare da tsayin jikinsa na rubu'in mita.
Kubiyoni ana haihuwar su makaho, kuma sai sunkai makonni biyar suna buɗe idanunsu. Beyar tana ciyar da yaran kowane wata zaune. Mass saki na beyar mata ya auku a watan Maris. Ta cikin ramin da aka haƙa a waje, beyar ta fara ɗaukar hera heranta a hankali suna tafiya, amma da daddare dabbobin suka sake komawa kogon. A kan tafiya, yaran suna wasa da haƙa cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
Yana da ban sha'awa!A cikin yawan belar, kusan 15-29% na ɗiya da kusan 4-15% na mutanen da ba su balaga ba sun mutu.
Abokan gaba a cikin yanayi
A cikin yanayin yanayi, belar polar, saboda girmansu da ilhami mai farauta, kusan ba su da abokan gaba. Mutuwar beyar bera mafi yawancin lokuta ana samun ta ne sakamakon raunin da ya faru sakamakon haɗuwar da ba ta dace ba ko kuma lokacin farautar gandun daji wadanda suka yi yawa. Hakanan, kifin whale da polar shark suna da haɗari ga manya da samari. Mafi yawanci, bera yana mutuwa saboda yunwa.
Mutum shine babban abokin gaba mafi girma na polar, kuma irin mutanen Arewa kamar Chukchi, Nenets da Eskimos, tun fil azal, suna farautar wannan mai cin karensu ba babbaka. Ayyukan kamun kifi, wanda aka fara aiwatarwa a rabin rabin karnin da ya gabata, ya zama bala'i ga yawan jama'a. A lokacin kaka daya, mafarautan sun kashe mutane sama da ɗari. Fiye da shekaru sittin da suka wuce, an rufe farautar polar bear, kuma tun daga 1965 aka saka shi a cikin Littafin Ja.
Hadari ga mutane
Laifukan kai hare-hare na polar bear a kan mutane sanannu ne sosai, kuma mafi yawan bayyanannun shaidu na tsokanar mahauta suna rubuce a cikin bayanan kula da rahotanni na matafiya, saboda haka, kuna buƙatar matsawa tare da taka tsantsan a wuraren da mai yiwuwa polar ke bayyana. A yankin ƙauyukan da ke kusa da mazaunin polar predator, duk kwantenan da ke cikin sharar gida dole ne dabbar mai yunwa ta isa gare ta. A cikin biranen lardin Kanada, an ƙirƙira abin da ake kira "gidajen yari" na musamman, wanda a ciki ana kiyaye bera na ɗan lokaci zuwa iyakar birni.
