A halin yanzu, dabbobin zamani sun hada da nau'ikan halittu masu yawa, amma mafi yawansu sun kare a yayin juyin halitta. Koyaya, koda bayan galibin waɗannan marsupials sun ɓace, wasu masu amfani duk da haka sun dace da sabon yanayin kuma a halin yanzu suna jin daɗin rayuwa. A halin yanzu, yawansu ya fi karkata ne kan nahiyar Amurka, a yankunan arewaci da kudanci. Abin sha'awa, a cikin wasu nau'ikan, jakar fata ta rasa aikinta yayin juyin halitta.
Bayani
A posum karamin ƙaramin dabba ne mai shayarwa wanda yake kama da sandar ƙarfe.... Wakilan farko na wannan nau'in sun bayyana a cikin zamanin Cretaceous, watau, kimanin shekaru miliyan 100 da suka gabata, kuma basu canza sosai ba tun daga lokacin.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Girman namiji baligi ya kai cm 60, mace ta ɗan yi ƙanƙanci, kusan 50-55 cm Wannan ya shafi mafi yawan nau'ikan, ƙananan iri na iya zama santimita 15-20 kowannensu kuma yana yin nauyi daga gram 50 zuwa kilogram 2.
Hannun waɗannan dabbobi yana da tsawo, galibi ba a rufe jelar da ulu, tare da mai kauri a gindi, kuma yana da manufa mai ma'ana: tare da taimakonsa, dabbar tana kama rassan lokacin da take tafiya a cikin bishiyoyi, kuma tana riƙe da su yayin barcin rana. Jikin posum an rufe shi da gajere, mai kauri, mai kauri fur. Launinsa ya banbanta sosai kuma yana iya zama daga haske zuwa baƙi, duk ya dogara da mazauni da jinsuna. Legsafafun gaba sun fi na baya baya; akwai ƙafafu 5 masu kaifi a ƙarshen ƙafafun.
Duk daddawa suna aiki da dare, da rana suna kwana cikin bishiyoyi ko cikin kaburai. Tsarin jaws yayi magana game da ƙimar halittar fata, suna da hakora 50, wanda 4 canines suke. Tsaran rayuwar wani abu a cikin daji ya kai shekaru 5, a tsare tare da kyakkyawar kulawa da abinci, har zuwa shekaru 7 ko fiye. Tsarin kariya na waɗannan dabbobi yana da ban sha'awa sosai, ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. A dabi'ance, kwayar halittar tana da matukar tsoro kuma idan akwai hatsari sai ta nuna kamar ta mutu, kwance kwance ba motsi, kuma tare da taimakon gland na musamman tana fitar da wani wari mara dadi wanda yayi kama da warin wani ruɓaɓɓen jiki. Mai farauta, bayan ya shaƙata shi, galibi yakan fita. Bayan haka, nan take dabbar ta "farfaɗo" ta gudu. Dole ne in faɗi cewa wannan dabarar tana kawo babbar nasara ga rayuwar jinsin. Hakanan waɗannan dabbobin - madaidaicin bacci, zasu iya yin bacci har zuwa awanni 19 a rana.
Wurin zama
A cewar masana kimiyya, a zamanin da, wadannan dabbobin sun yadu sosai a duk fadin Turai ta zamani, kamar yadda aka gano hakan ta hanyar hakar masu binciken burbushin halittu. Possums yanzu suna ci gaba sosai a cikin Sabuwar Duniya.... Glaciers da haɗin sanyi na yanayin sun shafi waɗannan yankuna ƙasa da Turai. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani dasu sune a Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka, Argentina, amma kwanan nan suna aiki gami da bincika ƙarin yankuna na arewa. Suna kuma zaune a kudu maso gabashin Kanada da Antananan Antilles.
Fatalwa suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka iri daban-daban, stepes har ma da rabin hamada. Ana iya samun su duka a cikin shimfidar wurare da kuma wuraren tsaunuka a tsaunuka har zuwa mita 4000. Akwai jinsunan da ke jagorantar salon ruwa-ruwa, suna zama kusa da ruwa, suna gina ramuka a cikin ramuka na itace. Amma yawancinsu har yanzu suna rayuwa ta rayuwa ko ta rayuwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Akwai wadatattun wuraren zama kusa da gidan mutum, amma galibi suna guje wa sadarwa da mutane.
Abinci
Abubuwan gado sune komai ta hanyar abincin su.... Suna ciyar da kwari, tushen iri daban-daban, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da' ya'yan itãcen marmari, sau da yawa sau da yawa suna iya fita farauta ta gaske, amma wannan ya fi dacewa da manyan nau'in. Lizards, rodents kamar beraye, beraye har ma da zomaye na iya zama a matsayin kayan farauta.
Gabaɗaya, abinci ya dogara da nau'ikan halittu da yanayin rayuwarsu. Akwai ma damar ruwa, suna ciyar da kifi musamman, wani lokacin suna iya farautar kwadi da ƙananan macizan ruwa. A lokacin yunwa, al'amuran cin naman mutane ba bakon abu bane. Wadannan dabbobin suna da abinci mai kyau, amma ba game da yawan cuwa-cuwarsu ba ne, kawai dai oposssum suna haifar da wadatattun kayan abinci don lokutan "masu wahala".
Idan ka riƙe dabbar a matsayin dabbar dabba, zaka iya ciyar da ita da fruitsa fruitsan itace, kayan marmari, kaza da ƙwai. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, yana yiwuwa a ba da abincin da aka shirya don kuliyoyi, amma wannan bai kamata a yi amfani da shi ba.
Sake haifuwa
Opossum shi kadai ne... Koyaya, yayin lokacin saduwa, sun samar da ma'aurata, amma wannan baya dadewa. Bayan ƙarshen lokacin saduwa, wanda ya fara daga Disamba zuwa Janairu, dabbobin sun sake jujjuyawa. Opossums dabbobi ne masu yawan haihuwa. Ciki a cikin mata gajere ne kuma yakan ɗauki kwanaki 20-25 kawai, a ƙananan jinsuna masu ciki na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 15 ne kawai, daga toa 8an 8 zuwa 15 ana haifuwarsu a cikin shara, a cikin ƙananan lamura lambar su na iya kaiwa 25. Ana haihuwar uban kwaba kwata-kwata ba su dace da yana rayuwa kamar tayi, game da girman kudan zuma kuma nauyinta yakai gram 2 zuwa 5.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Lokacin ciyar da zuriyar tare da madara mai tsayi ne kuma yakai kwanaki 100. A wannan lokacin, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka da haɓaka nauyi. Bayan kamar watanni 2, sannu a hankali sukan zama masu rufe gashi da idanunsu.
Bayan wannan, za su iya canzawa zuwa abincin manya. Balaga na jima'i yana faruwa a cikin watanni 6-8 a cikin mata da maza. Wasu nau'in opossum suna daukar 'ya'yansu a cikin jaka, amma yawancinsu basu da shi kuma saboda haka mata na daukar' ya'yansu a bayansu.
Jinsunan Opossum
Bari mu lissafa wasu sanannun nau'ikan mallaka. Dukkansu sun banbanta a salon rayuwa, girmansu, abincinsu da kuma wurin zama.
Maganin gama gari
Mafi shahara a cikinsu. Wannan babban nau'in wannan dabba ne, zai iya kai girman kyanwa ta gida kuma yakai kilogram 6. Amma a matsayinka na mai mulki, nauyin da aka saba shine kilogram 4,5-5. Yana zaune cikin dazuzzuka, galibi kusa da gaɓar ruwa. Yana ciyar da hatsi, ƙananan ƙadangare, kwari, namomin kaza. Suna cin mushe sau da yawa.
Maganin Verginsky
Hakanan wata babbar dabba ce mai nauyin kilogram 6. Mafi yawancin lokuta suna zaunea gandun daji masu danshi, amma kuma ana iya samun su a kan filaye. Yana ciyarwa a kan ƙananan beraye, tsuntsaye, kango gida. Iya nasarar kai farmaki matasa zomaye.
Ruwan ruwa
Yana haifar da salon rayuwar ruwa. Tana ciyar da kifi, kifin kifi da kuma katanga na ruwa, wani lokacin 'ya'yan itace. Tana kama abinci da ƙafafun gabanta suna shawagi. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan ba, waɗannan ɗimbin halittun suna haifar 'yan cuban kaɗan, daga 1 zuwa 6, yayin da wasu ke da jarirai daga 8 zuwa 20.
Linzamin kwamfuta
Wannan karamar dabba ce mai girman santimita 15 a girma. Yana zaune cikin gandun daji a tsaunuka har zuwa mita 2500. Tana ciyar da kwari, ‘ya’yan itace da kwai na tsuntsaye. Akwai kusan yara 12 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi.
Gurasar da ba ta da gashi
Wannan dan kankanin jinsine. Tsawon jiki ya kai santimita 12-16, kuma nauyin ya kai gram 120. Suna zaune ne a filayen, galibi cikin ciyayi masu ƙanƙanci. Sau da yawa yakan sauka kusa da gidan mutum.
Maganin Patagonian. Har ila yau, ƙananan nau'ikan posum, jikinsa ya kai tsayin 13-15 santimita, kuma yana da nauyin gram 50 kawai. Yana ciyarwa galibi akan kwari, ƙasa da yawa akan ƙananan tsuntsaye ko kadangaru.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Opossums dabbobi ne masu kunya... A cikin kowane haɗari suna gudu ko kuma sun yi kamar sun mutu, don haka ba su da sauƙin kamawa. Amma masana kimiyya sun sami mafita: ya zama cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna da sha'awar shan giya. Don kama wani abu, kawai kuna buƙatar sanya saucers tare da abin sha mai giya akan hanyoyin dabbobi. Zasu sha shi da babban jin daɗi kuma, tunda sun rasa ikon yin motsi, ana iya tattara su lafiya.
Daga dukkan gabobi, a cewar masana kimiyya, wadannan dabbobi suna da wayewar warinsu. Wani abin ban sha'awa kuma shine kusan basu da sauti, sai dai lokacin da suke cikin ciwo.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Kusan dukkan nau'ikan mallaka sune dabbobin da suka ɓata kuma basu da yankakkun yankuna da suke farauta, kamar yadda yake ga sauran dabbobi.
Wadannan dabbobi galibi ana amfani dasu azaman dabbobin gida, kodayake a ƙasarmu suna da ban mamaki, tunda suna da saurin kiyayewa. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da fur na opossum a matsayin kayan don yin tufafi da kayan ado na zamani. Gaskiya ne, ba ya bambanta da inganci da karko kuma, sabili da haka, ba sananne bane.
Possum azaman dabbar dabba
Ana iya ajiye posum a gida a matsayin gidan dabbobi. Amma masoya na musamman yakamata suyi takaici. Waɗannan dabbobin dare ne kuma zai yi wuya a saba musu da al'amuran yau da kullun na mutum. Ya kamata a ciyar da shi da sabo abinci: 'ya'yan itace, kaza, kwari, tsutsotsi. An haramta shi sosai don ba da nama mai, daga wannan zasu iya yin rashin lafiya. Idan kuna da abubuwan mallaka guda biyu, to suna buƙatar a ajiye su a cikin keji daban, in ba haka ba faɗa da rikice-rikice ba makawa bane. Babu yadda za'ai ka hukunta masu dukiya, tunda suna iya cizon gaske.
