Bat din mai tricolor (lat.Myotis emarginatus) na wakilan masu santsin hanci na jemagu masu oda.
Alamomin waje na jemage masu launi uku
Jemage mai tricolor shine jemage mai matsakaiciyar girman 4.4 - 5.2 cm. Gashinan gashin sunada tricolor, sunfi duhu a gindin, sunfi haske a tsakiya kuma sun sami launin ja-kasa a sama. Ciki da bayanshi suna da launi iri ɗaya na bulo. Saurin karami ne. Filin jirgin sama ya faɗaɗa daga ƙasan yatsan waje.
Kunnu masu tsayi 1.5 - 2.0 cm, sun fi launi launi, tare da kusan kusurwa huɗu da ke kusa da gefen waje. Auricles suna da yanayin da bai dace ba. Tsawon gaban hannu shine 3.9-4.3 cm, wutsiya ita ce 4.4-4.9 cm. Girman masu matsakaici ne. Bat din mai tricolor yayi nauyi gram 5-12. Footafar ƙanana ne da gajerun yatsun kafa.
Yaduwar batir mai tricolor
Tsarin batirin mai tricolor ya haɗa da Arewacin Afirka, Kudu maso yamma da Asiya ta Tsakiya, Yammaci da Tsakiyar Turai, wanda ya faɗi zuwa arewa zuwa Netherlands, kudancin Jamus, Poland da Czech Republic. Mazaunin ya hada da Crimea, da Carpathians, da Caucasus, da Larabawa da Yankin Yammacin Asiya.
A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, ana samun batir mai tricolor ne kawai a cikin Caucasus. Babban adadin yawan jama'a an ƙaddara shi a ɓangaren yamma. Iyakar yankin ta faro ne daga yanki na tsaunuka daga kewayen garin Ilskiy zuwa iyakar yamma da Georgia da kuma gabas ta yi iyaka da KCR. A cikin Rasha, tana zaune ne a cikin tsaunuka na yankin Krasnodar.
Wurin zama na jemage mai launi uku
A cikin Rasha, mazaunin batir mai tricolor an keɓance shi zuwa yankuna masu ƙafa inda akwai kogwanni. A cikin babban ɓangaren zangon, jemagu suna zaune a cikin dazukan tsaunuka har zuwa tsawan mita 1800 sama da matakin teku, filayen, wuraren hamada rabin-wuri da kuma irin wuraren shakatawa. Broungiyoyin Brood har zuwa 300-400 sun zauna a cikin rami, kogo, karst formations, a cikin gidajen coci, gidajen da aka watsar, a ɗakunan bene.
Sun fi son karkashin kasa mai dumi a cikin tsaunuka kuma galibi ana samunsu tare da wasu jinsunan jemage - tare da manyan jemage na dokin dawakai, masu fika-fikai, da kuma jemage masu kaifi. Bature mai tricolor a cikin manyan kogwanni a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ko kuma mutane ɗaya. A lokacin bazara, jemagu suna yin ƙaura na gari, amma gabaɗaya an tsare su zuwa mazauni ɗaya.
Cin batir mai tricolor
Dangane da dabarun farauta, jemage mai tricolor na daga cikin masu tarawa. Abincin ya ƙunshi kwari iri-iri daga umarni 11 da iyalai 37 na nau'in arthropod: Diptera, Lepidoptera, beetles, Hymenoptera. A wasu wuraren zama, gizo-gizo sun fi yawa a cikin abinci.
Sake bugun jemage mai launi uku
Mata suna yin mulkin mallaka na dubun dubbai ko ɗaruruwan mutane. Sau da yawa ana samunsu a cikin garke garke tare da wasu nau'in jemage. Ana ajiye maza da mata marasa kiwo daban. Mating yana faruwa a watan Satumba kuma yana ci gaba a lokacin hunturu.
Mace na haihuwar ɗan maraƙi ɗaya, yawanci a ƙarshen ko tsakiyar Yuni.
Bananan jemagu suna yin jirgi na farko wata ɗaya bayan bayyanuwarsu. Suna haihuwar zuriya a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Yawancin matasa da yawa suna mutuwa yayin lokacin sanyi. Matsayin maza da mata a cikin yawan mutane kusan ɗaya ne. Jemage mai tricolor ya rayu har zuwa shekaru 15.
Matsayin kiyayewa na jemage masu launuka uku
Jemage mai tricolor yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsin da ke raguwa a lambobi kuma suna da rauni, suna da saurin sauye-sauye a mazauninsu, kuma suna fuskantar tasirin anthropogenic kai tsaye.
Adadin jemage masu launi uku
Yawan batir masu launuka uku a duk kewayonsa yana da ƙasa kuma yana ci gaba da raguwa. A Rasha, an kiyasta yawan mutane zuwa dubu 50-120, matsakaicin yawan jama'a shine mutane 1-2 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Ba yawan haduwa da batir mai tricolor ba yana nuna rabe-raben jemagu na wannan jinsin akan iyaka, duk da bambancin halittu masu rai.
Abubuwan yanayi (wadatar abinci, keɓaɓɓun wurare, siffofin biotope, yanayin yanayi) yana shafar yalwa da rarrabawa. Broungiyoyin Brood a cikin kogo da gine-gine suna da tasirin tasirin anthropogenic. Yaran da yawa suna mutuwa yayin shayarwa yayin da mata masu shayarwa ke cikin damuwa. Canza yanayin wuri, amfani da magungunan kashe qwari shima yana rage lamba.
Dalilan da suka sa aka samu raguwar adadi mai yawa
Babban dalilan rage yawan batir masu tricolor sune raguwa a matsugunan karkashin kasa, karuwar yanayin tashin hankali lokacin da ake binciken kogon da masu yawon bude ido da masana masanan, da amfani da hanyoyin karkashin kasa don yin balaguro, da kuma tona kasa. Kashe jemagu saboda rashin sani game da fa'idodin wakilan jemagu.
Tsare batirin mai tricolor
Batirin mai tricolor yana kan Lissafin IUCN. Don kiyaye jinsunan, ya zama dole a kiyaye manyan sanannun mazauna mazauna da kogo inda jemagu ke hunturu. Wajibi ne a iyakance ayyukan yawon shakatawa, gabatar da tsarin mulki mai kariya a Vorontsovskaya, Takhira, kogon Agurskaya. Underauki kariya daga kogon Bolshaya Kazachebrodskaya, Krasnoaleksandrovskaya (kusa da ƙauyen Tkhagapsh), Navalishenskaya. Wajibi ne a ba da matsayin abubuwan tarihin halittun dabbobi tare da tsarin kariya ta musamman ga tsarin kogon: Neizma, Ared, Popova, Bolshaya Fanagoriyskaya, Arochnaya, Gun'kina, Setenay, Svetlaya, Dedova Yama, Ambi-Tsugova, Chernorechenskaya, hakar ma'adinai kusa da ƙauyen Derbentskaya.
Sanya shinge na kariya na musamman a ƙofar shiga kurkukun don takura shiga cikin kogon. A cikin yankin Labinsk da ke gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya, ƙirƙirar ajiyar wuri mai faɗi tare da tsarin tanadi don kare yankin duk kogunan. Don rage tasirin anthropogenic kai tsaye, ya zama dole a tsara ziyarar ta cikin ƙasa ta masu yawon buɗe ido, don ɗauka a ƙarƙashin kariya daga ɗakunan gine-ginen da aka sami manyan yankuna na jemagu, musamman a lokacin kiwo daga Yuni zuwa Agusta da hunturu daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu. Gudanar da ilimin muhalli na mazauna yankin domin shawo kan masu gidajen inda akwai yankunan beraye na amfanin wannan nau'in da kuma bukatar kariya. A cikin fursuna, ba a kiyaye jemage masu launuka uku, ba a bayyana al'amuran kiwo ba.
