Gibbon mai toka (Hylobates muelleri) nasa ne na tsarin magabata.
Rarraba gibbon launin toka.
An rarraba gibbon launin toka a tsibirin Borneo ban da yankin kudu maso yamma.
Wurin zama na gibbon toka-toka.
Gibbons masu launin toka suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka na wurare masu zafi da kuma dazuzzuka masu ƙarancin ruwa, yankuna zaɓaɓɓu na yanki da gandun daji na biyu Gibbons su ne labaran yau da kullun. Suna tashi a cikin dazuzzuka zuwa tsayin mita 1500 ko zuwa mita 1700 a Sabah, yawan zama yana raguwa a tsawan da ya fi haka. Bincike kan tasirin sare bishiyar gibbons yana nuna raguwar lambobi.
Alamomin waje na gibbon launin toka.
Launin ruwan gibbon mai launin toka daga jere zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Jimlar tsawon jiki ya fito daga 44.0 zuwa 63.5 cm. Gibbon mai ruwan toka yana da nauyin kilo 4 zuwa 8. Tana da dogayen hakora iri ɗaya kuma ba su da jela. Alashin babban yatsan yatsan ya faɗo daga wuyan hannu maimakon tafin hannu, yana kara yawan kewayon.
Ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i ba, mata da maza suna kama da halaye na ɗabi'a.
Sake haifuwa da gibbon launin toka.
Gibbons masu launin toka dabbobi ne da yawa. Suna yin nau'i-nau'i kuma suna kare iyalinsu. Matar aure daya tak a cikin 3% na dabbobi masu shayarwa kawai. Bayyanarwar auren mata daya a cikin birrai shine sakamakon abubuwan muhalli kamar yawan abinci mai gina jiki da girman yankin da aka mamaye. Bugu da kari, namiji ba karamin kokari ya kare mace daya da zuriyarsa ba, wanda hakan ke kara damar rayuwa.
'Ya'yan wadannan dabbobi suna fitowa daga shekara 8 zuwa 9. Galibi namiji yakan fara saduwa, idan mace ta amince da zaman sa, sai ta nuna shiri ta hanyar jingina da gaba. Idan da wani dalili sai mace ta ki amincewa da da'awar na namiji, to sai ta yi biris da gabansa ko barin shafin.
Mace tana ɗauke da cuba cuba na tsawon watanni 7. Yawanci, ana haihuwar ɗiya ɗaya.
Yawancin gibbons masu launin toka suna haihuwar kowace shekara 2 zuwa 3. Kula da zuriyar na iya kaiwa shekara biyu. Sannan gibbons matasa, a matsayin ƙa'ida, suna tare da iyayensu har sai sun kai ga balaga, yana da wuya a faɗi a wane shekarun suka zama masu cin gashin kansu. Yana da kyau a ɗauka cewa gibbons masu launin toka suna kula da dangantaka da danginsu, kamar sauran mambobin jinsi.
Matasan gibbons suna taimakawa wajen renon samari. Maza yawanci sun fi himma wajen karewa da haɓaka 'ya'yansu. Gibbons masu launin toka suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 44 a cikin bauta, kuma a yanayi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25.
Fasali na halayen gibbon toka.
Gibbons masu launin toka ba farantattun wayoyi ba ne. Sun fi yawa ta cikin bishiyoyi, suna lilo daga reshe zuwa reshe. Wannan hanyar motsa jiki tana ɗaukar kasancewar dogayen ƙafafun kafa, waɗanda ke samar da zobe na rufaffiyar makamai akan reshe. Gibbons masu launin toka suna sauri cikin sauri da tsayi. Suna iya rufe nisan mitoci 3 yayin ƙaura zuwa wani reshe kuma kimanin mita 850 kowace rana. Gibbons masu launin toka suna iya tafiya a tsaye tare da ɗaga hannayensu sama da kai don daidaitawa yayin tafiya a ƙasa. Amma wannan hanyar motsi ba ta dace da waɗannan birrai ba, a wannan yanayin, birrai ba sa yin tafiya mai nisa. A cikin ruwan, gibbons masu ruwan toka suna jin rashin tsaro, matalauta masu iyo ne kuma suna guje wa buɗe ruwa.
Wannan nau'in jinsin yakan zama rukuni na mutane 3 ko 4. Akwai kuma maza mara aure. Waɗannan gibbons ne waɗanda aka tilasta su barin danginsu kuma basu riga sun kafa yankin kansu ba.
Gibbons masu launin toka suna aiki na tsawon awanni 8-10 a rana. Waɗannan dabbobin suna yin dare, suna tashi da asuba suna dawowa dare kafin faɗuwar rana.
Maza sukan zama masu aiki a baya kuma su kasance a farke fiye da mata. Gibbons masu launin toka suna motsawa don neman abinci a ƙarƙashin gandun daji.
Gibbons na grey dabbobi ne na zamantakewar jama'a, amma basa bata lokaci mai yawa kan hulɗar zamantakewar jama'a kamar wasu nau'in dabbobi na farko. Yin ango da wasan kwaikwayo suna ɗaukar ƙasa da 5% na ayyukan yau da kullun. Rashin hulɗa da kusanci na iya zama saboda ƙananan adadin abokan hulɗa.
Namiji da babar mace suna cikin alaƙar zamantakewar da yawa ko dai dai. Abun lura ya nuna cewa maza suna wasa da kananan gibbons. Akwai ƙaramin bayani don ƙayyade halaye na gari na ɗabi'a a cikin gibbons masu ruwan toka. Makarantun wadannan primates yankuna ne. Kimanin kashi 75 cikin 100 na hekta 34.2 na muhalli ana kiyaye su daga mamayewa daga wasu nau'ikan baƙi. Kariyar yankuna ya hada da ihun safiya na yau da kullun da kiran da ke tsoratar da masu kutse. Gibbons masu launin toka basa amfani da tashin hankali na zahiri yayin kare yankinsu. An yi nazarin siginonin murya na gibbons masu ruwan toka daki-daki. Manya maza suna rera dogayen waƙoƙi har gari ya waye. Mata suna yin kira bayan fitowar rana da kuma kafin 10 na safe. Matsakaicin tsawan waɗannan waƙoƙin mintina 15 ne kuma yana faruwa kowace rana.
Mawaƙan maza suna raira waƙa fiye da maza waɗanda ke da ma'aurata, wataƙila don jan hankalin mata. Mata ƙanƙan da wuya su raira waƙa.
Kamar sauran birrai, gibbons masu launin toka suna amfani da ishara, yanayin fuska da yanayin lokacin da suke sadarwa da juna.
Gina jiki na gibbon launin toka.
Yawancin abincin gibbons masu launin toka sun ƙunshi cikakke, 'ya'yan itace da wadataccen fructose. An fi son ɓaure musamman. Zuwa ƙarami, birrai suna cin ganye matasa tare da harbe. A cikin yanayin halittar dazuzzuka, gibbons masu ruwan toka suna taka rawa wajen watsa iri.
Mahimmancin kimiyya na gibbon launin toka.
Gibbon launin toka yana da mahimmanci a cikin binciken kimiyya saboda kamanceceniyar halittarta da na ilimin ɗan adam ga mutane.
Matsayin kiyayewa na gibbon launin toka.
IUCN ta rarraba gibbon launin toka a matsayin jinsin dake da haɗarin halaka. Haɗin hanyar haɗi zuwa Iangare na neari yana nufin cewa nau'in yana cikin hatsari. Gibbon mai launin toka an lasafta shi azaman nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke da nasaba da sare dazuzzuka a Borneo. An kusan lalata manyan dazuzzuka.
Makomar gibbon ruwan toka ya dogara da sake maido da mazauninta na asali, wato gandun dajin Borneo.
Yin sare dazuzzuka da fataucin dabbobi ba bisa ka'ida ba shine babbar barazanar, tare da farauta a cikin tsibirin. Daga 2003-2004, an sayar da mutane 54 na irin wannan firamaren a kasuwannin Kalimantan. Ana asarar gidan zama saboda fadada gonakin dabinon mai da kuma fadada itace. Gibbon grey yana cikin bayanan CITES na 1. Tana zaune a cikin wasu keɓaɓɓun wuraren da aka keɓance musamman a cikin mazaunanta, gami da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa Betung-Kerihun, Bukit Raya, Kayan Mentarang, Sungai Wayne, Tanjung Puting National Park (Indonesia). Hakanan a Wuri Mai Tsarki na Lanjak-Entimau, Semengok Forest Reserve (Malaysia).
