Babban bera-nesting bera (Leporillus conditor) ƙaramin ɗan sanda ne daga ƙananan ƙananan dabbobin.
Yada babban bera mai narkar da sanda.
An rarraba babban beran da ke cikin sandar daji a kudancin kudu da yankuna masu bushashila na kudancin Ostiraliya, gami da jerin tsaunuka. Rarrabawa ba daidai ba ne, tare da beraye sun fi son shrubs na daddawa na dindindin. A karnin da ya gabata, adadin beraye ya ragu sosai saboda mutuwar mutanen babban yankin. Kananan mutane biyu ne kacal suka rage a Gabas da Yammacin Franklin Island a Tsibirin Nuyt da ke kusa da Kudancin Ostiraliya. Wannan yankin kusan beraye 1000 ne.
Wurin zama na babban bera mai lalata sanda.
Ratsananan berayen da ke cin sandar sandar suna zaune cikin dunes, a tsakanin su suna gina gida ɗaya daga sanduna, duwatsu, bambaro, ganye, furanni, ƙasusuwa da najasa.
A wuraren busassun busassun busassun busassun itaciya da kuma kunkuntar ganyayen shrubs masu ƙarancin ƙarfi ana amfani dasu don gina matsugunai, wani lokacin sukan shagaltar da gidajen da aka watsar da man ƙetare masu tallafi. Baya ga bishiyoyi, beraye na iya amfani da ramuka da yawa na mafaka.
A cikin gidajen su, beraye suna kirkirar ɗakunan da aka sanya su da sanduna na bakin ciki da baƙi ƙwanƙwasa, suna yin ramuka wanda ke fitowa daga ɗakin tsakiya.
Ratsananan berayen da ke ragar sandar suna gina mafaka a sama da ƙasan ƙasa, tare da ɓoyayyar ƙofar da yawa a ɓoye ƙarƙashin sandunan sanduna. Gidajen ƙasa suna tashi sama da 50 cm sama da ƙasa kuma suna da diamita na 80. Mata suna yin yawancin aikin. Beraye kuma suna amfani da burbushin wasu nau'ikan. Waɗannan sune manyan gidajen gida wanda dabbobi ke zama na tsararraki masu zuwa. Coloasar ta ƙunshi yawancin mutane daga 10 zuwa 20, ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi mace baliga ɗaya da anda heran ta da yawa, kuma galibi ɗa namiji balagagge. Yarinya mace baliga galibi tana nuna ƙarfi ga namiji, a wannan yanayin yana neman sabon mafaka daga sasantawar babban rukuni. A wasu yankuna a tsibirin da ke gabar teku, berayen mata na iya ɗaukar ƙaramin matsayi, a ɗan daidaita, yayin da berayen maza ke amfani da wani yanki mai fadi.
Alamomin waje na babban bera mai-sanda.
An rufe manyan berayen da ke sanye da sanda mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi mai launin toka ko launin toka mai toka. Kirjinsu mai launi ne mai tsini kuma ƙafafun kafa na baya suna da alamun fararen farauta a saman sama. Kan bera yana karami da manyan kunnuwa da hanci mara hanci. Abubuwan da ke cikin su suna girma koyaushe, wanda ke basu damar cinye tsaba mai ƙarfi kuma suna cizon katako don gina gida. Manyan berayen da ke raƙuman sandar suna da tsayi zuwa 26 cm tsawo kuma suna da nauyin 300 - 450 g.
Sake haifuwa da babban bera mai sheƙan sanda.
Ratsananan berayen da ke yin sanda-sandar dabbobi ne na polyandric. Amma mafi yawan lokuta, mata suna saduwa da namiji daya.
Adadin cuban kwalliya ya dogara da yanayin rayuwa a cikin daji. Mata suna haihuwar onea onea ɗaya ko biyu, yayin da suke cikin bauta sun hayayyafa fiye da huɗu. Kubiyoni ana haihuwarsu a cikin gida kuma suna manne sosai a kan nonon uwa. Suna girma da sauri kuma suna barin gida da kansu suna da watanni biyu, amma har yanzu suna karɓar abinci daga mahaifiyarsu lokaci-lokaci.
Halin babban bera mai lalata sanda.
Akwai karancin bayanai game da halaye na babban berayen da ke kama-karya. Waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin da ba sa zama. Kowane ɗa namiji yana da makirci wanda ya haɗu da yankin mata da ke kusa. Mafi yawanci, namiji daya yakan samar mata da miji, wani lokacin sukan hadu tare, amma da daddare kuma bayan mace ta shirya haihuwa. Ratsananan berayen da ke ragar sandar dabbobi ne masu natsuwa. Yawancin lokaci basu da dare. Suna fita waje da daddare kuma suna tsayawa tsakanin mitoci 150 daga ƙofar mafakar.
Cin babban bera mai cin sanda.
Ratsananan berayen da ke cin sandar sandar suna cin abinci a kan tsire-tsire iri-iri a yankin busassun.
Suna cin ganyayyaki masu laushi, 'ya'yan itatuwa, tsaba da harbe-harben shuke-shuken shuke-shuke.
Sun fi son nau'ikan shuke-shuke da ke dauke da ruwa mai yawa. Musamman, suna cinye tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire: bubbly quinoa, felted enkilena, ragodia mai kauri, yanke Hunniopsis huɗu, Billiardier's saltpeter, Rossi carpobrotus.
Manyan berayen da ke ragar sanda, a matsayinka na doka, suna cin ƙananan ganye na tsire-tsire. Suna nuna lalaci mai ban mamaki da sassauci yayin ciyarwa, hawa bishiyoyi da jan rassa kusa da su don zuwa ga ganyen samari da ria fruitsan ria rian itace, ci gaba da ruruwa cikin kwandon shara, suna neman tsaba.
Barazana ga yawan bera mai yawan sanda.
Ratsananan berayen da ke kwance a sandar suna raguwa a lambobi galibi saboda lalata muhalli da lalata ciyawar ciyawa da garken tumaki da yawa. Bugu da kari, bayan daya daga lokacin busassun, wannan jinsin ya kusan bacewa daga mazaunin sa na asali. Masu kamun kazar-kazar, gobara mai yaduwa, cuta da fari sun zama abin damuwa musamman, amma masu farautar cikin gida sun kasance babbar barazana. A tsibirin Franklin, manyan berayen da ke cin sanda sanda sun kai kusan kashi 91% na abincin da mujiya ta tanada kuma macen damisa mai baki tana cinye ta. A tsibirin St. Peter, manyan dabbobin da ke lalata beraye baƙaƙen macizai ne masu damisa da sa ido game da ɓarnar da ake kiyayewa a tsibirin. A babban yankin, dingoes sune mafi girman barazanar.
Ma'ana ga mutum.
Manyan berayen da ke rataye sandar magana ce mai mahimmanci don nazarin canjin halittar da ke faruwa a sake dawo da yawan dabbobi. A yayin gudanar da bincike, an gano alamomin polymorphic goma sha biyu a cikin kwayoyin halitta, ana bukatar su don fahimtar bambance-bambancen kwayar halitta tsakanin mutanen da ke rayuwa a cikin kamuwa da berayen da aka sake dawo da su. Sakamakon da aka samu ya dace don bayanin bambance-bambancen kwayoyin tsakanin yawan wasu jinsunan dabbobi da kuma mutanen da aka tsare a cikin fursuna.
Matsayi na kiyayewa na babban bera-nesting bera.
An ɓarke manyan berayen da ke rakiyar sanda tun daga tsakiyar 1980s. A 1997, beraye 8 aka sake su a arewacin bushashar Roxby Downs, da ke arewacin Kudancin Australia. Wannan aikin an yi la'akari da nasara. Jama'ar da aka sake dawo dasu yanzu suna zaune a tsibirin Harisson (Western Australia), St. Peter Island, Reevesby Island, Venus Bay Conservation Park (South Australia), da kuma Scotland Sanctuary (New South Wales). Yunkurin da aka yi na mayar da manyan berayen da ke cin karensu ba babbaka a babban yankin Ostiraliya ya faskara saboda halakar beraye ta masu lalata (owls, kuliyoyin daji da kyarkyata). Tsare-tsaren kiyayewa na zamani don nau'ikan nau'ikan sun hada da rage barazanar barazanar jan jan Turai, sa ido kan ci gaba da ci gaba da bincike kan canjin halittar. An lissafa manyan berayen da ke raƙuman sanda a matsayin masu rauni a kan Lissafin IUCN. Sunaye a cikin CITES (Shafi I).
