Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) na dangin penguin ne, tsari mai kama da penguin.
Rarrabawa na Magellanic penguin.
Magellanic penguins suna rayuwa a cikin Yankin Neotropical tare da kudancin gabar Kudancin Amurka. Sun bazu daga 30 ° a Chile zuwa 40 ° a Arewacin Argentina da Tsibirin Falkland. Wasu alumma sun yi kaura zuwa gabar Tekun Atlantika da ke arewacin tsibirin.
Gidajen Maggu na Magellanic.
Magellanic penguins galibi ana samunsu a yankuna masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, amma a lokacin saduwarsu suna bin raƙuman ruwan teku a cikin tsaunukan wurare masu zafi. A lokacin kiwo, Magellanic Penguins sun fi son wurare tare da ciyawa ko shrubs a gefen bakin teku, amma koyaushe suna kusa da teku, don haka iyaye za su iya samun sauƙin.
A waje da lokacin kiwo, penguins na Magellanic suna da laushi kuma suna kusan kusan duk lokacinsu daga gefen kudancin Kudancin Amurka. Tsuntsaye, a matsayinka na mai mulki, suna rufe nisan kilomita dubbai. Suna nitsewa cikin teku zuwa zurfin mita 76.2.
Alamomin waje na penguin Magellanic.
Girman ma'aunin penguins na Magellanic ya bambanta da kakar. Suna da nauyi kawai kafin molt (farawa a watan Maris) yayin da suke dafa abinci cikin sauri a fewan makwannin masu zuwa. Namiji yana da nauyin matsakaita na kilogiram 4.7 da kuma mace 4.0 kg. Matsakaicin matsakaici na maza da mata shine 15.6 cm, 14.8 cm, bi da bi. Bakin bakin yana da tsawon 5.8 cm a cikin namiji kuma a cikin mace 5.4 cm.
Feetafafun yanar gizo, a matsakaita, sun kai tsawon 11.5 - 12.2 cm. Manya da samari tsuntsaye suna da baƙar fata ta baya da fari gaban ɓangaren jiki. A cikin ledawar penguins na manya, wani yadin fari mai tsakaitaccen yanayi, wanda yake farawa daga kowace ido, yana lankwasawa ta baya ta gefen kai, kuma ya haɗu a wuya. Kari akan haka, penguins masu girma suma suna da ratsiyoyi biyu na baki a ƙarƙashin wuya, yayin da samari tsuntsaye ke da layi ɗaya kawai. Filayen samarin penguins farare ne - launin toka mai launin toka mai toka a fuska.
Sake haifuwa na Magellanic penguin.
Penguins na Magellanic nau'ikan halittu ne guda daya. Ma'aurata na dindindin sun kasance na tsawon yanayi. A lokacin saduwar aure, namiji yakan jawo mace da kukan da suka fi kama da kukan jaki. Sannan namiji zaiyi tafiya cikin da'irar budurwarsa, da sauri ya fidda fikafikansa. Maza suna gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin mallakan mace, babban penguin yakan ci nasara. Lokacin da faɗa ya auku bayan an ƙaddamar da ƙwai, mai nasara, ba tare da la'akari da girma ba, galibi shi ne mai mallakar gidajin da yake ƙoƙarin karewa.
Magungunan penguins na Magellanic sun gano gidajen su kusa da gabar teku. Sun fi son wurare a ƙarƙashin daji, amma kuma suna haƙa ramuka a cikin matattun laka ko kayan ƙwanya.
Magellanic penguins suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu tarin yawa, inda ake samun nests nesa da 123 - 253 cm daga juna.
Tsuntsayen da suka manyanta sun isa wuraren kiwonsu a farkon watan Satumba kuma suka sa ƙwai biyu a ƙarshen Oktoba. Chickaya daga cikin kaji yakan mutu da yunwa idan abinci yayi ƙaranci ko kuma mulkin mallaka karami ne. Qwai suna da nauyin 124.8 g kuma girman su yakai 7.5.
Shiryawa yana ɗaukar daga kwana 40 zuwa 42. Tsuntsayen da suka manyanta suna ciyar da kajin ta hanyar sake sarrafa abinci. Matasan penguins suna jingina tsakanin kwanaki 40 zuwa 70, galibi tsakanin Janairu da farkon Maris.
Kaji suna taruwa a cikin "gandun daji" kuma suna zuwa ruwa, yayin da tsuntsayen da suka manyanta suka tsaya a bakin teku na tsawon makonni da yawa don yin sowa. Matasan Maggulen penguins sun hayayyafa bayan shekaru 4
Magungunan penguins na rayuwa kusan shekaru 25 zuwa 30 a cikin daji.
Fasali na halayyar penguin Magellanic.
Kamar yawancin penguins, penguins na Magellanic galibi tsuntsaye ne masu ba da fata kuma sun ƙware wajen ciyarwa a cikin teku. Suna yin ƙaura zuwa kudu don yin kiwo a gefen kudancin Kudancin Amurka da tsibirai na kusa da teku. A lokacin kiwo, tsuntsayen sukan dauki lokaci mai yawa a bakin rairayin yashi ko kankara.
A ƙarshen lokacin kiwo, manya da yara sun yi ƙaura zuwa arewa kuma suna rayuwa mai ƙoshin lafiya, suna neman abin da ya kai kilomita 1000 a ƙetare.
Maza da mata suna kare gidajan su daga lalacewa, amma rikice-rikice na yanki sau da yawa yakan faru tsakanin maza a wuraren shimfida, inda mulkin mallaka yake da yawan jama'a har zuwa mutane 200,000. A wannan yanayin, nau'i-nau'i na iya yin gida a nesa na 200 cm daga juna.
Lokacin da penguins matasa suka motsa zuwa cikin teku, suna kafa manyan ƙungiyoyi. Tsuntsayen da suka manyanta suna haɗuwa da su daga baya don yin tafiya tare a cikin ruwan teku mai sanyi.
Penguins na Magellanic suna da mahimman halaye na al'ada don tsayayya da yanayi mai dumi. Idan yayi zafi sosai, sai su daga fikafikansu sama don kara yanayin iska.
Magellanic penguins suna ciyarwa.
Penguins na Magellanic galibi suna ciyar da kifi ne mai laushi, ƙayyadadden yawan abincin su ta hanyar shafin ciyarwa. Penguins, waɗanda ke zaune a cikin yankunan mulkin mallaka na arewa, galibi suna kama sprat. A cikin yankunan mulkin mallaka na kudanci, penguins suna farautar squid, suna cin abinci da sardines.
Matsayin kiyayewa na penguin Magellanic.
Magellanic Penguin yana kan IUCN Red List tare da matsayin “kusa da yanayin barazana”. A dabi'a, raguwar saurin tsuntsaye ana lura dasu. A lokacin ƙaurarsu ta shekara-shekara, penguins galibi suna shawagi tare da hanyoyin teku kuma suna ƙarewa cikin ragar kamun kifi. Kamun kifin kasuwanci yana rage yawan ƙananan kifi, waɗanda sune ɗayan manyan abubuwan abincin abinci na Magellanic penguins.
IUCN ta gabatar da shawarar rage kamun kifi a cikin gabar ruwan Ajantina da kuma kara yawan penguins a Punta Tombo.
Don inganta mazaunin tsuntsayen da ba a cika samun su ba, an tuka jirgin dakon tankar mai nisan kilomita 40 a gaba da gabar tekun Chubut. Gwamnatin Ajantina ta kafa sabbin wuraren shakatawar ruwa a bakin tekun, wadanda suka hada da wasu wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ciyarwa na Magellanic penguins (Patagonia a Kudancin Hemisphere, Pinguino Island, Makenke da Monte Leon). Kimanin yankunan mulkin penguin 20 an kiyaye su a cikin sabon asusun ajiyar halittu na UNESCO, mafi girma daga cikinsu shine Argentina. Abun takaici, wuraren shakatawa da yawa basu da cikakken tsari da aiki don kare penguins. Ana gudanar da bincike a Tsibirin Falkland (Malvinas) don gano yankunan rikici tsakanin penguins a yankunan samar da mai.
Matakan kiyayewa ga Penguins na Magellanic sun haɗa da: gudanar da ƙidayar tsuntsaye da ƙididdigar manya da yara a Argentina, Chile da Tsibirin Falkland (Malvinas). Rage kamun kifin da penguins ke ci. Inganta yanayin rayuwa a cikin yankunan ruwa na kariya a lokacin hunturu da nest. Kawar da masu cin ganima a tsibirai da mulkin mallaka. Haramta ziyarar kyauta zuwa wuraren da aka kiyaye. Shirya ayyukan idan akwai annoba ko gobara.
