Lama (Lama glama) na dangin rakumi ne, masu kira a karkashin tsari, oda artiodactyls.
Llama yadawo.
Ana samun Llamas tare da tsaunukan Andes. Ana sayar da su a Arewacin Amurka, Turai da Ostiraliya. Ana samun su a ƙananan ƙananan garken gida a Argentina, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia da Peru. Altiplano, a kudu maso gabashin Peru da yammacin Bolivia a cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan Andes, shine asalin llamas.
Llama mazaunin.
Llamas suna zaune akan ƙananan filayen da aka rufe da shuke-shuke daban-daban, itacen itaciya da ciyawa. Suna rayuwa ne a yankin Altiplano, inda canjin yanayi ke da sauki sosai, yayin da yankunan kudanci suka bushe, hamada da kaifi. Llamas sanannu ne suna yadawa a tsahon da bai wuce mita 4000 sama da matakin teku ba.
Alamomin waje na lama.
Llamas, kamar sauran membobin gidan raƙumi, suna da wuyan wuya, dogayen gabobi, ƙusassun muzzles tare da ƙananan ƙoshin ciki, da kuma leɓen babba na ƙarfe. Ba su da wani tudu, idan aka kwatanta da raƙuman da ake samu a Asiya. Llamas sune mafi girma a cikin wannan rukuni na dabbobi. Suna da dogon gashi, shaggy gashi wanda ya bambanta da launi. Babban inuwa launin ruwan kasa ne mai jan launi, an tsarma shi da fari da launuka masu launin rawaya.
Llamas manya-manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, masu tsayi a ƙarancin mita 1.21. Tsawon jiki ya kai kimanin mita 1.2. Nauyin ya bambanta daga kilogram 130 zuwa 154. Llamas ba su da kofato na gaske, kodayake suna cikin artiodactyls, suna da gaɓoɓi uku masu yatsu uku tare da katifu masu launin fata a kowane ƙafa tare da tafin kafa. Kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci don tafiya akan ƙasa mai duwatsu.
Yatsun llamas suna iya motsawa kai tsaye, wannan fasalin yana taimaka musu hawa dutsen da sauri. Wadannan dabbobin suna da babban adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin jinin jini (erythrocytes) a cikin jini, saboda haka karuwar haemoglobin, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don rayuwa a cikin yanayin rashin iska mai ƙarancin oxygen. Kamar sauran membobin raƙumi, llamas suna da haƙoran rarrabe, manyan lalamu sun sami ciwan ciki na sama, kuma ƙananan inci suna da tsayi na yau da kullun. Ciki ya ƙunshi ɗakuna 3, an kafa cingam.
Kiwo llama.
Llamas dabbobi ne masu auren mata da yawa. Namiji ya tara mata na 5-6 mata a wani yanki, sannan kuma cikin tsananin koran duk wasu mazan da suka shiga yankin da aka zaɓa ba zato ba tsammani. Samarin da aka kora daga harem suna yin garken dabbobi tun suna kananun haihuwa don haihuwa, amma da sannu zasu gina kanzon kuregen kansu yayin da suka balaga.
Tsoffin maza da korarrun samari suna rayuwa da kansu.
Llamas suna da ikon samar da zuriya mai amfani idan aka haye su tare da sauran membobin jinsi. Suna saduwa a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon faɗuwa. Bayan saduwa, llama mace takan haihu kimanin kwanaki 360 kuma tana haihuwar ɗa ɗaya kusan kowace shekara. Jariri zai iya bin mahaifiyarsa kimanin awa ɗaya bayan haihuwa. Ya kai kimanin kilo 10 kuma a hankali yakan sami nauyi sama da watanni huɗu lokacin da mace ta ba shi madara. Yana da shekara biyu, ƙananan yara suna haihuwa.
Ainihi, mata llama suna kula da zuriya, suna ba da kariya da kulawa ga ɗiyan har zuwa shekara ɗaya. Llama na namiji yana nuna halartar kai tsaye, yana kiyaye yankin don samar da abinci ga garken garken sa, wanda ya kunshi mata da samari. Maza koyaushe suna gasa tare da sauran maza don albarkatun abinci iri ɗaya kuma suna kiyaye haram daga hare-haren mahauta da wasu mazan. Lokacin da samarin llamas suka kai shekara ɗaya, sai namiji ya kore su. Llamas na cikin gida na iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 20, amma yawancin suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 15.
Llama hali.
Llamas suna da ladabi da dabbobin zamantakewa waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi har zuwa mutane 20. Includesungiyar ta ƙunshi kusan mata 6 da zuriyar wannan shekarar.
Namiji yana jagorantar garken garken kuma yana kare matsayinsa da ƙarfi, yana shiga cikin babban gwagwarmaya.
Strongaƙƙarfan namiji ya daka wa mai fafatawa kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya buge shi ƙasa, yana cizon gabobinsa da kuma nade dogon wuyansa a wuyan abokin hamayyar. Namijin da aka kayar yana kwance a ƙasa, wanda ke nuna fatattakarsa gabaki ɗaya, yana kwance a ƙasa tare da saukar da wuyansa da wutsiyarsa sama. Llamas, kamar yadda kuka sani, suna amfani da "bayan gida" na gama gari, waɗanda aka tsara a iyakokin yankin da aka mamaye, waɗannan alamun na musamman suna iyakance iyakokin yanki. Kamar sauran rakuman rakumi, suna fitar da sautikan da ke ruri lokacin da masu farauta suka bayyana don faɗakar da sauran membobin garken haɗari. Llamas suna da ƙwarewa sosai wajen kare kansu daga hari, suna harbawa, cizawa kuma suna tofawa akan waɗancan dabbobin da suke musu barazana. Halin llamas a cikin fursuna yana kama da halaye na dangin daji, koda a cikin fursuna, maza suna kare yankinsu, koda kuwa an killace su. Suna ɗaukar tumaki a cikin ƙungiyar dangin su kuma suna kare su kamar ƙaramar lamas. Saboda ta'addancinsu da taimakonsu ga wasu dabbobi, ana amfani da lalam a matsayin masu kula da tumaki, awaki da dawakai.
Llama abinci.
Llamas suna cin abinci akan ƙananan shrubs, lichens da ciyawar tsaunuka. Suna cin bishiyoyin bishiyar parastephia, bischaris, da tsire-tsire na dangin hatsi: munroa, bonfire, ciyawar filin. Llamas suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin busassun ƙasa sosai kuma suna samun yawancin damshinsu daga abinci. Suna buƙatar kimanin lita 2 zuwa 3 na ruwa kowace rana, kuma ciyawar da ciyawar da aka cinye shine 1.8% na nauyin jikinsu. Llamas masu dabbobi ne. A matsayinsu na dabbobin gida, sun dace da abinci iri daya da tumaki da awaki.
Ma'ana ga mutum.
Llamas dabbobin gida ne, saboda haka suna da mahimmancin tattalin arziki. A lokacin farin ciki, mara laushi amma ulu mai laushi abu ne mai daraja.
Wadannan dabbobi ana aske su duk bayan shekaru biyu, suna dibar kimanin kilo 3 na ulu daga kowane llama.
Ga mazauna yankin, yanke ulu shine tushen samun kudin shiga. Manoma suna amfani da lema don kiyaye garkensu daga masu cin nama. Sun hada da lambobi da yawa a garken tumaki ko awaki, wadanda llamas din ke kiyayewa daga hare-haren kwari da cougars. Hakanan ana amfani da Llamas a matsayin 'yan wasan golf, suna tara taron' yan kallo don waɗannan gasa. Akwai gonaki na musamman don kiwon llamas. A karnin da ya gabata, ana amfani da llamas don jigilar kayayyaki a ƙetaren Andes, suna da matukar wahala kuma suna iya ɗaukar sama da kilogiram 60 kusan kilomita talatin a cikin yanayi mai tsayi. Alsauyuka har yanzu suna amfani da irin wannan jigilar cikin tsaunuka.
Matsayin kiyayewa na llama.
Llamas ba jinsin hatsari bane kuma yanzu ya yadu sosai. Akwai kusan mutane miliyan 3 a duk duniya, kusan 70% na llamas ana samun su a Bolivia.
