A karo na farko a tarihi, gungun masana kimiyyar halittu daga kasashe daban-daban sun sami damar kirkirar amfrayo masu hade da kwaya daga mutane, aladu da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan yana iya ba da damar dogaro da cewa gabobin masu ba da taimako ga mutane za su girma cikin jikin dabbobi.
Wannan labarin ya zama sananne daga kwayar salula. A cewar Juan Belmont, wanda ke wakiltar Cibiyar Salka a La Jolla (Amurka), masana kimiyya suna ta aiki kan wannan matsalar tsawon shekaru hudu. Lokacin da aikin ya fara, ma'aikatan kimiyya basu ma fahimci irin wahalar aikin da suka dauka ba. Koyaya, an cimma burin kuma ana iya ɗauka matakin farko na narkar da gabobin jikin ɗan adam a cikin jikin naƙori.
Yanzu masana kimiyya suna bukatar fahimtar yadda ake jujjuya abubuwa don kwayoyin halittar mutum su rikide zuwa wasu gabobi. Idan aka yi haka, za a iya cewa an shawo kan batun batun dasa sassan jikin da aka dasa.
An fara tattauna yiwuwar dasa sassan jikin dabbobi cikin jikin mutum (xenotransplantation) kimanin shekaru daya da rabi da suka gabata. Don wannan ya zama gaskiya, masana kimiyya sun warware matsalar kin amincewa da gabobin mutane. Wannan batun ba a warware shi ba har zuwa yau, amma wasu masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙari su nemo hanyoyin da za su sa gabobin alade (ko gabobin wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa) su zama marasa ganuwa ga rigakafin ɗan adam. Kuma ƙasa da shekara guda da ta gabata, wani sanannen masanin kwayar halitta daga Amurka ya sami nasarar kusantowa don magance wannan matsalar. Don yin wannan, dole ne ya yi amfani da editan jinsin CRISPR / Cas9 don cire wasu alamun, waɗanda nau'ikan tsarin ne don gano abubuwan ƙetare.
Wannan tsarin ya samu karbuwa daga Belmont da abokan aikinsa. Sai kawai suka yanke shawarar girma gabobin kai tsaye a jikin alade. Don ƙirƙirar waɗannan gabobin, dole ne a gabatar da ƙwayoyin halittar ɗan adam a cikin amsar alade, kuma wannan dole ne a yi shi a wani takamaiman lokacin haɓakar amfrayo. Don haka, zaku iya ƙirƙirar "chimera" wakiltar wata kwayar halitta wacce ta kunshi kafa biyu ko sama da biyu na sel daban-daban.
Kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka ce, an yi irin wannan gwajin a kan beraye na ɗan wani lokaci, kuma sun yi nasara. Amma gwaje-gwajen kan manyan dabbobi, kamar su biri ko aladu, ko dai ya ƙare a rashin nasara ko kuma ba a aiwatar da su kwata-kwata ba. Dangane da wannan, Belmont da abokan aikinsa sun sami ci gaba sosai ta wannan hanyar, tun da sun koyi gabatar da kowace ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin ɓeraye da aladu ta amfani da CRISPR / Cas9.
Editan DNA na CRISPR / Cas9 wani nau'in "mai kisan kai ne" wanda ke iya halakar da wani bangare na kwayoyin halittar mahaifar mahaifar yayin da ake ci gaba da kirkirar wannan sashin. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, masana kimiyya suna gabatar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na wasu nau'ikan cikin matsakaitan abinci mai gina jiki, wanda, bayan ya cike gibin da editan DNA ya bari, suka fara zama cikin wani kayan aiki na musamman. Amma ga sauran gabobi da kyallen takarda, babu abin da ya shafe su, wanda ke da mahimmancin da'a.
Lokacin da aka gwada wannan dabarar a cikin berayen da suka yi sanadin bera, ya ɗauki masana shekaru huɗu kafin su daidaita dabarun da aladun da ƙwayoyin mutum. Babban matsalolin sune cewa amsar alade tana bunkasa da sauri (kusan sau uku) fiye da amfrayo na ɗan adam. Saboda haka, Belmont da tawagarsa dole su sami lokacin da ya dace don dasa ƙwayoyin halittar ɗan adam na dogon lokaci.
Lokacin da aka warware wannan matsalar, masana kimiyyar gado sun maye gurbin kwayoyin tsoka na nan gaba dozin aladu da yawa, bayan haka aka dasa su a cikin uwaye masu goyo. Kimanin kashi biyu bisa uku na amfrayo ne suka ci gaba cikin nasara cikin wata ɗaya, amma bayan haka sai a dakatar da gwajin. Dalilin shine ladubban likitanci kamar yadda dokar Amurka ta tanada.
Kamar yadda Juan Belmont da kansa ya ce, gwajin ya buɗe hanya don noman gabobin ɗan adam, wanda za a iya dasa shi cikin aminci ba tare da fargabar cewa jikin zai ƙi su ba. A halin yanzu, wani rukuni na masu binciken kwayar halitta suna aiki kan daidaita editan DNA don aiki a cikin kwayar alade, tare da samun izinin gudanar da irin wadannan gwaje-gwajen.
