Hawk ungulu (Butastur indicus) na umarnin Falconiformes ne.
Alamomin waje na shaho
Hawk ungulu tana da girman kusan 46 cm kuma fikafikansa na cm 101 - 110. nauyinta ya kai gram 375 - 433.
Wannan matsakaiciyar sifar mai gashin tsuntsu tana da sifa mai siffar sihiri, mai ƙanƙanƙan gaɓoɓin jiki, dogayen fuka-fukai, wata doguwar jera mai sauƙi da siririn ƙafa. Launin layin manyan tsuntsayen yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a saman, amma yana da launin ja a cikin hasken haske. A saman dutsen da ƙananan jijiyoyin fari da kuma manyan farin haske masu girma dabam-dabam. Tsakiyar goshi, kaho, goshin kai, wuya da kuma babban ɓangaren mayafin galibi launin toka ne. Launin wutsiya ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin toka-launin ruwan kasa tare da ratsi mai launin baƙaƙe uku. Duk gashin fikafikan firam na baƙar fata.
Akwai facin fari mai walƙiya a bayan kansa, ɗan farin ya kasance a gefen goshin. Maƙogwaron gabaɗaya fari ne, amma tsakiyan tsakiyan da na gefe suna da duhu. Akwai ratsi mai yawa fari da ruwan kasa a kirji, ciki, gefuna da cinyoyi. Duk fuka fukai a ƙarƙashin jelar kusan farare ne. Filayen samarin shaho suna da raye-raye masu launin ruwan kasa masu launin toka da ja. Gaban goshi fari ne, girare masu bushewa a saman kumatu da layuka masu santsi.
A cikin manyan tsuntsaye, iris rawaya ce. Kakin zuma rawaya-lemu ne, kafafu rawaya ne rawaya. A cikin samarin shaho, idanu suna launin ruwan kasa ko rawaya mai haske. Kakin zuma rawaya ne.
Gidan zama na ungulu shaho
Shaho mahaukaci yana zaune a cikin gandun daji da ke hade da bishiyoyi masu yalwa, da kuma a kusa da dazuzzuka. Yana faruwa tare da koguna ko kusa da gulbi da gandun daji. Ya fi so ya zauna a cikin ƙasa mai wuyar sha'ani, tsakanin tsaunuka, a kan gangaren ƙananan tsaunuka da kuma cikin kwari.
Yana hibernates a cikin filayen shinkafa, a cikin yankuna da ƙarancin gandun daji da filaye masu ƙarancin gandun daji. Ya bayyana a yankuna masu ƙanƙantar da hankali da kuma bakin teku. Yaɗa daga matakin teku zuwa mita 1,800 ko mita 2,000.
Rarraba kwarin shaho
Hawk-hawk ɗan asalin nahiyar Asiya ne. A lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, yana can cikin wani yanki wanda ake kira Gabas Palaearctic. Yana zaune a Gabas ta Gabas ta Rasha har zuwa Manchuria (lardunan China na Heilongkiang, Liaoning da Hebei). Yankin gurbi ya ci gaba a arewacin Koriya ta Koriya da Japan (a tsakiyar tsibirin Honshu, da Shikoku, Kyushu da Izushoto).
Shaho shaho ya mamaye kudu maso kudancin China a Taiwan, a kasashen tsohuwar Indochina, da suka hada da Burma, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Tsibirin Great Sunda zuwa Sulawesi da Philippines. Duk da yanki mai yawa na rarrabawa, wannan nau'in ana ɗaukarsa mai kama da juna kuma baya samar da ƙananan abubuwa.
Fasali na halayen shaho
Zzungiyoyin ungulu na Hawk suna rayuwa kai kaɗai ko kuma bibbiyu a lokacin nest ko lokacin sanyi. Af, a kudancin Japan, suna kafa matsugunan ɗarurruwa ɗari ko ma dubban tsuntsaye waɗanda suke taruwa a kan gidajen ruwa ko wuraren hutawa. Zzungiyoyin ungulu na ungulu suna ƙaura cikin ƙananan garken a bazara da kuma cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a cikin kaka. Wadannan tsuntsayen sun bar gidajensu na tsugunne daga tsakiyar watan Satumba zuwa farkon Nuwamba, suna shawagi zuwa kudancin Japan, tsibirin Nansei kai tsaye zuwa Taiwan, Philippines da Sulawesi. Sake bugun shaho.
Hawk buzzards a farkon lokacin nest suna yin dogon tashi sama kai tsaye ko kuma bibbiyu.
Suna tare da motsi a cikin iska tare da ihu akai-akai. Sauran hanyoyin ba a lura da su a cikin wannan nau'in tsuntsayen masu cin nama.
Hawk buzzards sun fito daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. Suna gina matsakaiciyar gida daga shuke-shuken da ba a kula da su ba, wasu lokuta, wasu lokuta kuma sandunan sandar tsirrai. Faɗin ginin ya bambanta daga santimita 40 zuwa 50. A ciki akwai rufi na koren ganye, ciyawa, allurar Pine, tube na haushi. Gurbin yana tsakanin mita 5 da 12 sama da ƙasa, yawanci akan itacen coniferous ko bishiyun bishiyun bishiyar. Mace tana yin kwai 2 - 4 kuma tana ɗaukar ciki na kwanaki 28 zuwa 30. Yaran tsuntsaye na barin gida bayan kwana 34 ko 36.
Hawk lobe yana ciyarwa
Ungulu ta ungulu ta fi ciyar da kwadi, kadangaru da manyan kwari. Tsuntsayen suna yin farauta a cikin dausayi da yankuna masu bushewa. Suna ciyarwa akan kananan macizai, kadoji da kuma beraye. Kalli abin farauta daga wurin kallon da aka shirya akan busasshiyar bishiya ko sandar telegraph, da hasken rana ya haskaka sosai. Daga kwanton bauna suna nutsewa zuwa ƙasa don kamo wanda aka azabtar. Suna aiki galibi da sassafe da yamma.
Dalilai na raguwar yawan ungulu
Yawan kwarin shaho ya canza sosai. A karnin da ya gabata, wannan jinsin tsuntsayen ganima an dauke su kanana a Kudancin Primorye. Bayan haka ungulu shaho ta bazu a hankali a cikin yankin Ussuri a cikin tafkin Lower Amur da Koriya. Ci gaban lambobi lokaci ne zuwa gagarumin ci gaban ofasar Gabas ta Rasha, wanda ya haifar da bayyanar yanayi mai kyau don haifuwar ungulu shaho. Wannan ya sami sauƙaƙa ta ƙaruwar yawan amphibians da wadatar wuraren da suka dace da gida gida - manyan dazuzzuka tare da copses, makiyaya, farin ciki da wuraren kiwo.
A farkon shekarun 70, an sami raguwa sosai a yawan tsuntsayen ganima, sanadiyyar amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.
Wataƙila, harbin da aka yiwa tsuntsaye a lokacin ƙaura ya shafi.
Koyaya, koda a Japan, inda ake yin bincike mai yawa akan ilimin halittar shaho, ba'a samu cikakken bayani game da yawan mutane daga jinsunan da kuma rukunin mutane daban-daban ba. Mai da hankali kan tsuntsaye da yawa, wanda aka samo a kudancin Kuyshu a farkon Oktoba. Bayan bayanan da ba a fayyace ba, girman muhallin ya kai murabba'in kilomita 1,800,000 kuma yawan tsuntsayen gabaɗaya, duk da cewa a cikin raguwa, ya fi mutane 100,000.
An sanya ungulu a cikin CITES Shafi 2. An kare wannan nau'in ta Rataye 2 na Yarjejeniyar Bonn. Bugu da kari, an ambace shi a Rataye na yarjejeniyoyin bangarorin biyu da Rasha da Japan, Jamhuriyar Korea da DPRK suka kulla kan kariyar tsuntsayen masu kaura. Jama'ar babban yankin suna fuskantar halin damuwa; a cikin Japan, ungulu ungulu tana cikin ƙasa mai wadata.
