Karen Dutsen Bernese ko Karen Makiyayi na Bernese (Berner Sennenhund, Ingilishi Bernese Mountain Dog) babban ɗabi'a ne, ɗayan ɗayan Dogs Mountain Mountain waɗanda ke ƙasar Switzerland.
Sunan Sennenhund ya fito ne daga Jamusanci Senne - mai tsayi mai tsayi da Hund - kare, kasancewar sun kasance abokan makiyayan. Bern sunan canton ne a Switzerland. Karnukan tsaunuka na Bernese suna da tarihi na ɗaruruwan shekaru, ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin ƙwararrun samari, tunda an yarda da su a cikin 1907.
Abstracts
- Berns na son kasancewa tare da danginsu, kuma suna shan wahala idan an manta da su, kar ku kula da su.
- Suna da kyawawan halaye, amma manyan karnuka kuma masu wahalar sarrafawa a lokacin balaga. Yana da mahimmanci a ɗauki kwasa-kwasan biyayya da zamantakewar da ta dace yayin da ɗan ƙuruciya ke saurayi.
- Suna son yara kuma suna tare da su da kyau. Amma kar ka manta cewa wannan babban kare ne, kar a bar kananan yara ba su kulawa.
- Ba su da rikici ga wasu karnuka, kuliyoyi, ko baƙi. Amma, da yawa ya dogara da halaye da zamantakewar jama'a.
- Berns yana da matsaloli na kiwon lafiya da yawa saboda ƙaramar ɗakunan haihuwa da kiwo mai rikitarwa. Tsawon rayuwarsu takaitacciya ce, kimanin shekaru 8 kenan, kuma magani yana da tsada.
- Sun zube da yawa, musamman a lokacin kaka da bazara. Idan kuna jin haushi da gashin kare akan kayan daki, to waɗannan karnukan ba naku bane.
Tarihin irin
Yana da wuya a faɗi asalin asalin, tun da ci gaban ya faru ne a lokacin da babu rubutattun wuraren. Bugu da kari, manoman da ke zaune a yankuna masu nisa sun kiyaye su. Amma, an kiyaye wasu bayanai.
An san cewa sun samo asali ne daga yankunan Bern da Dyurbach kuma suna da alaƙa da wasu nau'o'in: the Greater Switzerland, Appenzeller Mountain Dog da Entlebucher. An san su da suna Makiyayan Switzerland ko Dogs Mountain kuma sun bambanta cikin girma da tsawon gashi. Akwai sabani tsakanin masana game da wane rukuni za a sanya su. Daya ya sanya su a matsayin Molosiyawa, wasu kuma kamar Molosiyawa, wasu kuma kamar Schnauzers.
Karnukan da ke kiwon tsaunuka sun zauna a Switzerland tsawon lokaci, amma lokacin da Romawa suka mamaye ƙasar, sai suka zo da molossi, karnukan yaƙinsu. Wani sanannen ra'ayi shine karnuka na gida sun haɗa kai da Molossus kuma sun haifar da Karnukan Dutsen.
Wannan yana yiwuwa haka, amma dukkanin nau'ikan nau'ikan guda huɗu sun sha bamban sosai da nau'in Molossian kuma sauran nau'ikan suma sun shiga cikin halittar su.
Pinschers da Schnauzers sun rayu a kabilu masu jin Jamusanci tun fil azal. Suna farautar kwari, amma kuma sun kasance a matsayin karnukan tsaro. Ba a san komai game da asalinsu ba, amma wataƙila sun yi ƙaura tare da tsoffin Jamusawa a duk Turai.
Lokacin da Ruma ta faɗi, waɗannan ƙabilun sun karɓi yankunan da suka kasance na Rom. Don haka karnukan suka shiga cikin tsaunukan Alps kuma suka cakuda da mazauna yankin, sakamakon haka, a cikin jinin Dogwan Dutse akwai haɗakar Pinschers da Schnauzers, daga inda suka gaji launi mai launuka uku.
Tun da tsaunukan Alps suna da wahalar isa, mafi yawan Karnukan Dutsen sun ci gaba a keɓe. Sun yi kama da juna, kuma mafi yawan masana sun yarda cewa dukkansu sun fito ne daga Babban Karen Girman Switzerland. Da farko, an yi niyyar su kare dabbobi ne, amma da shigewar lokaci, aka fatattaki masu farautar, kuma makiyayan suka koya musu yadda za su kula da dabbobin.
Sennenhunds ya jimre da wannan aikin, amma manoma ba sa buƙatar irin waɗannan manyan karnukan kawai don waɗannan dalilai. A cikin tsaunukan Alps, akwai 'yan dawakai, saboda yanayin ƙasa da ƙarancin abinci, kuma an yi amfani da manyan karnuka don jigilar kayayyaki, musamman kan ƙananan gonaki. Don haka, Dogs Shepherd Dogs ya yiwa mutane hidima ta kowane fanni.
Mafi yawan kwaruruka a Switzerland sun ware daga juna, musamman kafin zuwan sufurin zamani. Yawancin jinsuna daban-daban na Dog Mountain sun bayyana, sun yi kama, amma a wurare daban-daban ana amfani da su don dalilai daban-daban kuma sun bambanta cikin girma da doguwar sutura. A wani lokaci, da dama nau'ikan halittu sun wanzu, duk da suna iri daya.
Yayin da ci gaban fasaha ya ratsa Alps a hankali, makiyaya sun kasance ɗayan fewan hanyoyin da za a iya jigilar kayayyaki har zuwa 1870. A hankali, juyin juya halin masana’antu ya isa kusurwoyin ƙasar. Sabbin fasahohi sun maye gurbin karnuka.
Kuma a Switzerland, ba kamar sauran ƙasashen Turai ba, babu ƙungiyoyin canine don kare karnuka. An kirkiro kulob na farko a cikin 1884 don adana St. Bernards kuma da farko bai nuna sha'awa ba ga Dogs Mountain. A farkon 1900s, yawancinsu suna gab da halaka.
Nau'in karnukan makiyaya da aka fi kiyayewa a cikin gundumar Bern. Sun kasance manya, masu dogon gashi kuma masu launuka uku. Sau da yawa suna haɗuwa a Dyurbach kuma ana kiransu Durrbachhunds ko Durrbachlers.
A lokacin, wasu masu kiwo sun fahimci cewa idan ba su adana nau'in ba, to kawai zai ɓace. Daga cikin wadannan, shahararrun su ne Franz Schentrelib da Albert Heim.
Su ne suka fara tara karnukan da suka warwatse da ke zaune a cikin kwari kusa da Bern. Wadannan karnukan sun bayyana ne a wuraren nuna karnuka a shekarar 1902, 1904, da kuma 1907. A shekarar 1907, wasu masu kiwo da yawa sun shirya Schweizerische Durrbach-Klub. Manufar kulob din shi ne kiyaye nau'in da tsarki, ƙara shahara da sha'awa.
Sha'awa a cikin garken tumaki na Bernese ya girma sannu a hankali amma tabbas. A shekarar 1910, an yiwa karnuka 107 rajista, kuma bayan wasu shekaru kungiyar ta sauya sunan jinsi daga Dürbachler zuwa Karen Dutsen Bernese.
Manufar ba wai kawai ta raba ta da sauran Sennenhund ba ne, amma kuma ta nuna alakarta da babban birnin Switzerland. Kuma wannan wani al'amari ne na sakamako, karnuka sun zama sanannu a tsakanin sauran Karnuka na Dutsen kuma sune farkon waɗanda zasu fita ƙasashen waje. Godiya ga kokarin da Kungiyoyin Swiss Kennel Club da Schweizerische Durrbach-Klub suka yi, an sami nasarar tsira da jinsin.
A cikin 1936, makiyayan Burtaniya sun fara shigo da garken tumaki na Bernese kuma ppan karnuka na farko sun bayyana a cikin ƙasar. A cikin wannan shekarar, Glen Shadow ya kawo kwiyakwiyi zuwa Louisiana (Amurka) kuma ya yi musu rajista. Yakin duniya na biyu ya hana ci gaban irin a Turai, amma ba a Amurka ba.
An kafa Club din Kare na Bernese a Amurka a cikin 1968 kuma yana da mambobi 62 da karnuka masu rajista 43. Bayan shekaru 3, kulob din ya riga ya sami mambobi sama da 100. AKC ta amince da irin a cikin 1981 kuma ta ɗauki matakin ƙarshe a 1990.
Bayani
Harshen Bernese yayi kama da sauran Karnuka na Mountain, amma yana da dogon gashi. Karen tsaunin Bernese babban nau'in ne, maza suna kai wa busassun 64-70 cm, mata 58-66 cm. Tsarin mizanin bai bayyana nauyin da ya dace ba, amma yawanci maza kan auna nauyin 35-55, mata 35-25.
Suna da yawa, amma basu da kaya, jiki yayi daidai. Underarkashin rigar mai kauri akwai musculature mai ci gaba, karnukan suna da ƙarfi sosai. Wutsiyarsu doguwa ce kuma mai taushi, ta tausa zuwa karshen.
Kan yana a kan wuya mai kauri da ƙarfi, ba shi da girma sosai, amma yana da ƙarfi sosai. Mulos ɗin ya fita waje, amma tsayawa yana da santsi, ba tare da miƙa miƙa mulki ba. Lebe an matse shi sosai, miyau baya gudana. Idanuwan suna da siffar almond, launin ruwan kasa ne.
Kunnuwa suna da sifa uku-uku kuma matsakaici ne a cikin girma, suna faɗuwa yayin da kare ya yi annashuwa kuma ya ɗaga lokacin da suke mai da hankali. Babban ra'ayi na Kare Shepherd Dog shine hankali da daidaitaccen hali.
Daga wasu manyan nau'in, kamar sauran Sennenhund, ana rarrabe Bernese da ulu. Layi daya ne, tare da haske mai haske, na ɗabi'a, yana iya zama madaidaiciya, raƙumi ko wani abu a tsakanin. Gashi yana da tsayi, kodayake yawancin masana zasu kira shi rabin-rabin. Ya ɗan guntu a kan kai, da bakin fuska da gaban ƙafafu. Wutsiyarsu tana da laushi musamman.
Launi kawai da aka ba izini don Karen Bernese mai tricolor. Babban launi launin baƙi ne, fari da ja suna warwatse akan sa, yakamata su zama masu rarrabewa da kuma daidaitawa. Tan din ya kamata ya kasance sama da kowane ido, a kan kirji, kafafu da kuma ƙarƙashin wutsiya. Wani lokaci ana haihuwar puan kwikwiyo da wasu launuka, kuma suna da kyau kamar dabbobi, amma ba za su iya shiga cikin nune-nunen ba.
Hali
Girman shaharar berns yana da alaƙa da halayensu fiye da kyawunsu da yanayinsu. Dangane da ƙirar ƙirar, hali ya fi na waje mahimmanci, kuma ɗakunan da ke da alhakin kawai suna haifar da karnuka masu natsuwa da kyawawan halaye. Ma'abota suna kaunar Karen Dutsen su kuma baƙon su yana burge su.
Karnuka masu kyakkyawar asali suna da nutsuwa da hango nesa, yayin da mestizo ya bambanta da ɗabi'a. Kuna iya bayyana halin a cikin kalmomi - ƙato mai haƙuri.
Suna da aminci da aminci, sun fahimci maigidan da kyau kuma sun shaƙu da shi. Masu mallakar sun yarda cewa abokantaka ta Bern shine mafi ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da sauran karnuka.
Sun haɗu da mutum ɗaya, amma waɗannan ba irin karnukan da ke watsi da sauran ba, suna tare da duk mutane. Sun yi imanin za su dace da gwiwowinsu, wanda ba shi da dadi sosai lokacin da karen ya yi nauyi fiye da kilogiram 50.
Ba kamar sauran nau'o'in dangi ba, Gidan Kare na Bernese yana tare da baƙi. A matsayinsu na kare mai siye, sun saba da ma'amala da hargitsi da tashin kasuwannin da suke kai kaya.
Anyi hulda dasu daidai, suna da abokantaka da ladabi ga baƙi, ba daidai ba - masu tsoro da firgita, amma da wuya su zama masu tashin hankali. Karnuka masu danshi da marasa kunya basu dace da masu kiwo ba wadanda suke bukatar kiyaye kare da nutsuwa a kowane yanayi.
Waɗannan ƙattai masu girman hankali na iya zama masu sa ido, suna kuwwa da ƙarfi don dakatar da mai shigowa. Amma, duk da ƙarfin, ba su fuskantar fitina, haushi ya fi maraba fiye da gargaɗi.
Don haka, tare da takamaiman girman kai, baƙi na iya shiga cikin yankin. Duk abin canzawa, idan Bern ya ga cewa wani abu ko wani yana tsoratar da iyali, to ba za a iya dakatar da shi ba.
Suna son yara musamman, suna da laushi tare da su, koda tare da mafi ƙanƙanta kuma sun yafe masu duk abubuwan da suka dace. Mafi sau da yawa, yaro da Bernese Mountain Dog sune mafi kyawun abokai. Idan kana buƙatar kare mai nutsuwa da kyakkyawar dabi'a, amma a lokaci guda haɗe da dangi da yara, to ba za ka sami mafi kyawu ba.
Berns yana hulɗa da sauran dabbobi, yawancinsu suna mu'amala da sauran karnuka cikin lumana, koda kamar kamfani ne. Mamaye, yanki da ta'addancin abinci ba halaye ne na su ba.
Duk da girmansu, suna iya zama tare da kare kowane irin girma, amma zamantakewar jama'a tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan.
Wasu mazan na iya zama masu zafin rai ga wasu mazan, kodayake wannan ba irin nau'in ba ne. Galibi, wannan ɗabi'ar tana haifar da rashin kyakkyawar zamantakewar jama'a da rashin kulawa da iyaye.
Yana da ma'ana cewa suna da rauni irin na farauta, kuma suna cikin natsuwa da dangantaka da wasu dabbobi. Duk karnuka zasu iya bin dabbobi, amma wannan ba kasafai ake samun irin wannan ba. Yanayinsu mai laushi ya sanya su ganima don kuliyoyi masu wasa da kwalliya, kuma sun fi son tserewa daga taurin ƙwallon ƙwal.
Girman Karen Dutsen Bernese da ƙarfin sa ya zama da haɗari ga sauran dabbobi. Kuma, kodayake a dabi'ance suna da kirki, zamantakewar jama'a da ingantacciyar tarbiyya har yanzu suna da mahimmanci!
Berns ba wayayyu bane kawai, suma suna da horo sosai, suna iya aiwatarwa a fannoni daban-daban kamar ƙarfin hali da biyayya, kuma, tabbas, jan nauyi. Suna ƙoƙari su faranta wa mai shi rai, koya tare da jin daɗi da biyayya. Mallakan da suka san abin da suke so za su sami kare mai nutsuwa da nutsuwa idan suka sa himma.
Karnukan tsaunuka na Bernese sun fi sauran karnuka biyayya, amma sun fi hulɗa tare da mai su wanda ake ƙauna da girmamawa. Idan ba shugaba bane yake bayar da umarni, to a hankali zasu amsa su sosai.
Koyaya, har yanzu suna da biyayya, masu iya sarrafawa da rashin rinjaye fiye da yawancin sauran nau'in wannan ko ƙaramin girman. Ba sa son lalata da rashin kulawa, ƙauna, kulawa da haɓaka mai kyau na iya cimma ƙari.
Duk da yake ba masu halakarwa bane, zasu iya zama haka idan sun gaji. Da kyau, lokacin da kare mai wannan girman da ƙarfi ya fara gurnani da karyewa ... Don guje wa irin wannan ɗabi'a, ya isa ɗaukar marainiyar a hankali da jiki. Ilitywarewa, tafiya, gudu, ja da faduwa zai yi aiki da kyau.
Suna da wasa, musamman tare da yara, amma ba sa son dogayen wasanni. A cikin yanayinmu akwai fa'ida, kamar yadda suke son yin wasa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ba abin mamaki bane ga kare da aka haifa a tsaunin Alps.
Akwai batun da dole ne a kula dashi yayin motsa jiki da wasa. Kamar yawancin karnukan da ke da zurfin kirji, Dogon Bernese Mountain Dogs na iya mutuwa daga yawan kuzari idan an matsa musu kai tsaye bayan sun ci abinci.
Attentionarin hankali yana buƙatar biya ga kwikwiyo, sun girma da hankali fiye da sauran nau'ikan, na jiki da na hankali. Esean ƙarnin Dogon Bernese ya zama baligi kawai a shekara biyu da rabi. Kasusuwa suna haɓaka a hankali kuma tsananin damuwa na iya haifar da rauni da nakasa. Masu mallakar suna buƙatar daidaita nauyin aiki da kyau kuma kada su cika puan kwikwiyo.
Kulawa
Yin ango yana daukar lokaci, amma ba yawa, kawai goge rigar sau da yawa a sati. Kawai la'akari da girman kare, yana iya ɗaukar lokaci.
Kodayake gashin kansa yana da tsabta kuma mai ƙanƙantar datti, yana zubdawa kuma yana iya damewa. Sai dai idan masu mallakar suna son datse karnukansu a cikin yanayi mai zafi, ba sa buƙatar yin ado kwata-kwata.
Amma sun zubar da ƙarfi, ulu na iya rufe bango, benaye da darduma. Ta faɗo daga gare su a cikin bunches, tsefe yana taimakawa, amma ba yawa. A lokacin canza yanayi, Bernese Mountain Karnuka sun fi ƙari. Wannan na faruwa sau biyu a shekara, sannan gajimaren ulu yana bin su.
Idan wani a cikin danginku yana fama da rashin lafiyar, to tabbas wannan ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi tsakanin dabbobi ba. Hakanan basu dace da mutane masu tsabta ko masu tsabta waɗanda ke damun gashin kare ba.
Kamar sauran nau'ikan, ,an kwikwiyon Bern suna buƙatar koya musu goga, ruwa da almakashi tun suna ƙuruciya. Duk da yake suna da hankali da ladabi, suna da girma da ƙarfi. Idan ba sa son hanyoyin, to yana da wahala a kiyaye su. Abu ne mai sauƙin koyawa kwikwiyo na kilogiram 5 fiye da kare mai girma kilogiram 50.
Dole ne a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga kunnuwa saboda suna iya tara kwayoyin cuta, datti da ruwa, wanda ke haifar da kumburi da kamuwa da cuta.
Lafiya
Ana ɗaukar Karen Bernese a matsayin ƙarancin kiwon lafiya. Suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa yayin da zasu iya yin rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Mafi yawan wadannan cututtukan suna faruwa ne sakamakon kiwo da kulawa ta neman kudi.
Tsammani na rayuwar Berns a Amurka ya faɗi daga shekara 10-12 zuwa 6-7, sai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Karatu a wasu ƙasashe ba a karɓi mafi kyawun adadi ba, shekaru 7-8.
Karnuka daga kyawawan masu kiwo suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci, amma har yanzu suna barin da wuri fiye da sauran nau'ikan. Kodayake duk manyan jinsunan suna rayuwa da ɗan gajeren rayuwa, Bernese Sheepdogs suna rayuwa da shekaru 1-4 ƙasa da karnukan masu kamanceceniya. Suna da sanyi da kirki, amma a shirye don matsalolin lafiya da gajerun rayuwa.
Cutar mafi tsananin da suke fama da ita ita ce cutar daji. Bugu da ƙari, suna karkata zuwa ga ire-irensa. Nazarin da aka yi a Amurka ya nuna cewa fiye da 50% na Karnukan Dutsen Bernese sun mutu daga cutar kansa, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 27% a matsakaita a wasu nau'o'in.
A cikin karnuka, kamar yadda yake a cikin mutane, ciwon daji yawanci cuta ce da ta shafi shekaru. Amma, Mountain Dogs ne banda. Suna fama dashi tun suna da shekaru 4, wani lokacin ma suna da shekaru 2, kuma bayan 9 sun kusa tafi! Suna fama da kusan iri daban-daban na ciwon daji, amma sarcoma lymphatic, fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, da Langerhans cell histiocytosis sun fi na kowa.
Berns kuma yana da manyan matsaloli game da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna fama da su sau uku fiye da sauran nau'ikan.
Dysplasia da amosanin gabbai, waɗanda ke faruwa tun suna ƙuruciya, galibi sanannu ne, ba sa warkewa, za ku iya sauƙaƙe hanya kawai. Nazarin ya nuna cewa kashi 11% na Berns suna ciwan amosanin gabbai tun shekaru 4.5.
