Crossbones (Loxia) ƙananan tsuntsaye ne na dangin finchi (Fringillidae) da kuma umarnin passerines (Passeriformes). Ga mutane da yawa, irin wannan tsuntsu mai yaɗuwa a cikin ƙasarmu sananne ne ƙarƙashin sunan da ba a saba gani ba "aku na arewa".
Bayani da bayyana
Dukkanin nau'ikan giciye na tsuntsaye ne daga tsarin passerines, kuma tsarin jikinsu yana kama da gwara, amma ya fi su girma sosai... Wutsiyar irin wannan tsuntsayen ba ta da gajarta a girma, tare da yanke mai kamannin cokali mai yatsu. Kan yana da girma babba. Wsafan kafafu masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi suna ba da damar tsuntsun ya iya jingina cikin rassan bishiya cikin sauƙi, har ma ya rataye a ƙasa na dogon lokaci.
Launin kalar jikin kumburin gwal na namiji yana da matukar kyau da kuma biki - rasberi ja ko jan ja. A gefen ciki na tsuntsaye duka, akwai launuka masu launin launin shuɗi-toka-toka. Amma lamuran mata sun fi dacewa, a cikin launuka masu launin kore da launuka masu launin rawaya kuma masu launin shuɗi-kore a kan gashin fuka-fukan. Hakanan matasa masu ƙarancin gwaiwa suna da launi mai launin toka mai ƙayatarwa da kuma speck daban-daban.
Sananne shine gicciyen gicciye, wanda ke da sihiri iri iri. Bottomasan da saman baki kusan sun haɗu da juna, yana mai da shi kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don sauƙin girbi tsaba daga sikeli mai toho da ke haɗe.
Nau'in giciye
Zuwa yau, nau'ikan gicciye guda shida ana karatun su sosai kuma suna gama gari:
- spruce crossbill ko talakawa (Lokhia curvirostra) tsuntsaye ne na kurmi. Maza suna da jan launi mai launin ja ko ja-ja-ja da fari mai launin toka-fari. Mata suna da alamun launuka masu launin kore-launin toka-raƙumi mai launin rawaya-kore akan gashinsa. Birdaramin tsuntsu launin toka ne, tare da mottles, kuma thean shekara farkon suna da ruwan lemo-ruwan hoda. Lissafin bashi da kauri sosai, tsawan tsayayye, mara lanƙwasa, an ɗan tsallaka shi. Kan yana da girma isa;
- pine crossbill (Lokhia pytyorsittacus) gandun daji ne, mafi girman kidan waka mai tsawon jiki 16-18 cm da launinsa na halayyar plumage. Babban banbanci yana wakiltar babban baki mai ɗaure, wanda ya ƙunshi mai kaurin mutum da na mai girma. Sashin babba na baki mara kyau ne. Mata na wannan nau'in suma suna raira waƙa, amma sun fi nutsuwa kuma sun daidaita;
- farar-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka (Lohia leucortеra) tsuntsu ne na tsuntsu, mai tsaka-tsaka, mai tsawon jiki a tsakanin 14-16cm. An bambanta nau'ikan iri-iri ta hanyar bayyananniyar yanayin jima'i. Mata suna da rawaya mai launin rawaya, yayin da maza ke da gashin tsuntsu-ja-ja ko na tubalin-ja. Fuka-fuki baƙi ne tare da fararen ratsi biyu;
- Jirgin ruwan Scotland (Lochia sotica) shine kadai ke fama da cutar a Burtaniya. Tsuntsu mai tsaka-tsaka mai tsawon jiki zuwa 15-17 cm tare da matsakaicin nauyin 50 g. An haye manya da ƙananan baki.
Hakanan, nau'ikan suna wakiltar Lochia megaplaga Riley ko Spanish crossbill, da Lochia sibiris Pallas ko Siberian crossbill.
Wurin zama da mazauni
Spruce crossbills suna zaune cikin yankuna dazuzzuka a cikin Turai, da kuma Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka, arewacin da tsakiyar Asiya da Amurka, Philippines da yankin tsohuwar Soviet Union. Ya fi son coniferous da gauraye, galibi gandun daji spruce.
Pine crossbill yana zaune cikin gandun daji na coniferous... Gidajen yawa a cikin Scandinavia da kuma yankin arewa maso gabashin Turai. Wannan nau'ikan ya fi tsada fiye da spruce crossbill. Mazaunin farar fuka-fukai shine taiga ta Rasha, Scandinavia da Arewacin Amurka. Wannan nau'ikan ya ba da fifiko ga yankunan daji tare da rinjayen larch.
Rayuwar Crossbill
Klest ne mai diurnal, maimakon mobile, nimble da hayaniya tsuntsu. Manya suna tashi cikin sauri, ta amfani da wavy yanayin tafiya. Wani fasalin giciyen shine salon rayuwarta ta makiyaya. Sau da yawa garken tumaki suna tashi daga wuri zuwa wuri don neman yankin da ya fi inganci.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Klest na mallakar tsuntsayen gandun daji ne na nau'ikan nau'ikan rashi na biyu, saboda haka an ambaci shi a shafukan Red Book na Moscow.
Abokan gaba na gicciye, kamar wannan, ba su nan, wanda ya faru ne saboda yawan amfani da ƙwayoyin coniferous don abinci. Tsuntsayen, don haka, yayin aiwatar da rayuwa “kanku a rufe” kanta, saboda haka naman irin waɗannan tsuntsayen sun zama marasa ɗanɗano, masu ɗaci ƙwarai, sam ba su da sha'awar duk wani mai farautar su. Bayan mutuwa gicciye ba ya narkewa, amma ana yin naman gawa ne saboda yawan ƙoshin abun cikin jiki.
Abincin abinci, abincin abinci
Crossbills tsuntsaye ne waɗanda ke da nau'ikan nau'ikan abinci na musamman. Dukkanin nau'ikan suna da kaifin karkataccen igiyar ruwa, wanda yake tsinkaye da mai karfin, don haka tushen abincin shine ya kasance tsaba a cikin mazugi na bishiyun coniferous.
Hakanan, gicciye yakan sanya tsaba-tsinken tsire-tsire. Yana da matukar wuya tsuntsu irin wannan ya ci kwari, a matsayin mai mulkin, aphids.
Yana da ban sha'awa!A lokacin bazara, a gaban ƙarancin tushen abinci, gicciye suna iya tsinke tsaba a kan ciyawar daji, kuma a wasu shekarun garken irin waɗannan tsuntsayen na iya haifar da babbar illa ga dasa shukokin da aka shuka.
Sake bugun gicciye
A kan yankin tsakiyar yankin ƙasarmu, gicciye, a matsayin mai mulkin, fara tsarin nest a cikin Maris. Maimaita nesting an lura a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na bazara ko farkon kaka, tare da girbi na lokaci daya na larch da Pine. A cikin hunturu, daga Disamba zuwa Maris, tsuntsaye suna yin gida gida ne kawai a yankuna da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai girma. Kusan dukkan nau'ikan jinsin suna hayayyafa ba tare da la'akari da yanayi ba.
Tsuntsaye suna shirya gida a cikin babban kambi na bishiyun coniferous, galibi akan bishiyar Kirsimeti da ɗan ɗan sau da yawa akan bishiyoyi, a tsayin 2-10 m daga matakin ƙasa... Ana yin dukkan ɓangaren gida na gida ne ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan sifofin spruce, kuma an shimfiɗa ɓangaren ciki tare da mafi kankancin rassa, gansakuka da lichen. Gashin da ke cikin tiren da aka gama yana wakiltar gashin dabbobi da ƙananan gashin tsuntsaye. Matsakaicin diamita na gida shine 12-13cm tare da tsayin 8-10cm kuma girman tire 7.2 x 5.2cm.
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, haɗuwa da gicciye shine ƙwai uku ko biyar na kusan launin fari-ƙanƙara tare da ɗan ƙaramin shuɗi mai auna 22x16mm. Akwai launuka masu launin ja-launin ruwan kasa a saman ƙwai. Lokacin shiryawa na kwan da aka saka makonni biyu ne, yayin da mace ke cikin gida, kuma namiji ya sami abinci ya ciyar da ita.
An rufe kajin da aka kyankyashe da kauri mai kaurin toka. Kwanakin farko mata na dumama kajin, sannan, tare da namijin, zasu fara tashi daga cikin gida don neman abinci.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Don ciyar da kajin, ana amfani da tsaba iri-iri na daskarewa a cikin goiter na namiji da mace.
Jirgin farko ana yinsa ne da kajin yana da shekaru sati uku. A wannan shekarun, samari tsuntsaye basa tashi nesa kuma koyaushe suna kwana a cikin gida.
Hatta kajin da suka bar gida gida da farko iyayensu ne suke ciyar da su.
Gyaran Crossbill a gida
Masu kama da tsuntsaye suna yaba giciye don launinsa mai launi mai haske da kuma gaskiyar cewa irin wannan ƙaramin tsuntsun dajin da sauri yana shiga cikin keji kuma yana raira waƙa da rawa. Lokacin kamawa, ya kamata a tuna cewa haske mai haske ya kasance har sai farkon narkon, kuma tsuntsayen da aka narkar da su ba su da kyan gani sosai.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Waƙar gicciye tana cike da ƙararraki da yawa da faɗakarwa ta halayyar mutum, amma ƙusoshin ƙusoshin ƙwallon ƙafa suna da mafi kyawun ƙwarewar waƙa.
Ana yin amfani da amai da baka, da gidan sauro, da kuma kayan marmari da tsuntsaye masu kamun kifi.... Dukansu a cikin yanayin yanayi da kuma cikin abubuwan salula, gicciye yana cin ƙwayoyin coniferous sosai, kuma yana cinye ƙananan harbe da wasu ganye. Babban abin sha'awa shine tsofaffin maza masu jan ja mai kyau.
Gwargwadon hasken lebban tsuntsu yana da kima. Ba za a iya kiyaye tsuntsun da aka kama a yankakke ba, amma nan da nan sai a dasa shi a cikin keji na ƙarfe na dindindin, inda ya kamata a saka ƙananan sandunan katako da kuma sabbin tsire-tsire.
Bayanai na waje na giciyen kai tsaye sun dogara da cikakken abincin. Irin wannan tsuntsun yana matukar shakkar cin cakuda hatsi wanda yake wakiltar gero, kwayar canary da fyade. Tsuntsayen gandun daji suna mai da martani sosai ga murƙushe kwayoyi da 'ya'yan kabewa, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da toho da tsiro na itacen coniferous.
Yana da mahimmanci a sanya takin da aka saba da shi a cikin keji a cikin yashi kogi, yumbu, toka, dutsen nikakken dutse. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa giciye ba sa jurewa da yanayin dumi mai dumi, don haka yana da kyau a sanya keji da irin wannan tsuntsu a baranda ko loggia.
