Dachshund (Ingilishi da dachshund na Ingilishi da na Jamusanci) nau'in karnuka ne masu gajeren ƙafa da doguwar jiki, da nufin yin farautar dabbobi masu biji.
Abstracts
- Taurin kai da wahalar horo. Theauki kwas ɗin - Kare City Dog.
- Suna da wayo amma masu zaman kansu kuma suna wasa. Saboda wannan, da sauri sukan gaji da motsa jiki kuma su ci gaba da kasuwancin su. Kuna buƙatar haƙuri, juriya da haƙuri.
- Karnukan farauta ne kuma suna nuna halin da ya dace. An tsara su don tono badgers, kuma zasu iya tono dahlias ɗin ku a maimakon haka. Yayin farauta, suna kashe wadanda suka kashe, suna nisantar kananan dabbobi daga garesu.
- Udara, kuzari mai ƙarfi don kare na wannan girman. Suna son yin haushi, la'akari da wannan!
- Idan ba ku kiyaye hanya ba, za su ci abinci fiye da kima, su zama ragwaye da ƙiba. Wannan zai kara tsananta matsalolin kashin baya. Kalli tsarin abincinka, kar ka cika karen ka, kuma ka motsa jiki a kai a kai.
- Suna da lahani a cikin diski na tsakiya, wanda zai haifar da inna. Kada ku bari su yi tsalle daga tsayi, ko da daga shimfiɗa, lokacin ɗauka, ɗauka da hannu biyu. Kar ka bari a tsaya a ƙafafunka na baya.
- Suna yawan shakkar baƙi.
- Dachshunds ba sa son hayaniya kuma suna iya cizo idan ana zolayar su. Saboda wannan, ba sune mafi kyawun zaɓi ga iyalai masu ƙananan yara ba.
Tarihin irin
Wasu marubuta da masana sun yi amannar cewa tushen dachshunds ana iya gano shi zuwa tsohuwar Misira, tun da zane-zanen wancan lokacin suna nuna karnukan farauta masu gajerun kafa. Kuma kalmomin "tekal" ko "tekar" da aka rubuta a kansu baƙaƙe ne da Bajamushe na zamani "Teckel", wanda ya maye gurbin sunan Dachshund.
Nazarin da aka yi game da karnukan da gawawwakin da Jami'ar Amurka ta Alkahira ta gudanar sun ba da haske game da wannan ka'idar. Masana ilimin dabi’ar Halitta ba su tabbatar da kusancin tsoffin karnuka da karnukan zamani ba, wanda aka bayyana a Kimiyyar a watan Mayu 2004, a wata kasida mai taken “Tsarin Halittar Karen Cikin Gida Tsarkakakke
Karnuka na zamani sakamakon aikin masu kiwo ne na Jamusawa, a cikin jininsu akwai alamun Jamusanci, Faransa, Masu Jirgin Sama na Ingilishi da Hounds, da kuma birkunan Jamusawa. Da farko, an haife su ne don farautar bajoji a cikin rami kuma suna nemo su da ƙanshi.
Amintaccen ambaton dachshunds ana samunsa a cikin littafin da aka buga kafin 1700 .. Gaskiya ne, ana kiransu "Dachs Kriecher" ko "Dachs Krieger" wanda za a iya fassara shi da "rarrafe bayan badger" da "jarumin jarumi".
Tun da farko, an ambaci karnukan burrowing, wannan yana da alaƙa da ƙwarewa fiye da takamaiman nau'in. Sunan zamani na jinsin a Jamusanci - Dachshund ya fito ne daga kalmomin "badger" (Dachs na Jamus) da "kare" (Hund na Jamus).
Farin jinin su yana da girma sosai don ana ɗaukarsu alama ce ta Jamus. A wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1972, wani dachshund mai suna Waldi shine mascot don Wasannin. Abin sha'awa, shine Waldi wanda shine kawai dabbar dabbar da ta zama mascot na wasannin Olympics.
Dachshunds na Jamusanci na farko sun fi na yanzu girma, sun auna daga 14 zuwa 18 kg, kuma zai iya zama madaidaiciya ko karkatacce. Kodayake sun fi shahara ga farautar badgers, amma kuma sun yi amfani da su wajen bajakun badgers (wani mummunan abin kallo na ƙarni da suka gabata), lokacin farautar karnakai da zomaye, neman barewa da barewa a kan hanyar jini, a cikin fakiti na dabbobin daji da wolverines.
Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da ranar bayyanar farko, wasu suna kiran ta karni na 15, wasu kuma waɗanda mafarautan suka kawo su a ƙarni na 18.
A ƙarshen karni na 18, suna da mashahuri a cikin Jamus, akwai ɗakuna da yawa, tunda waɗannan smallan ƙananan karnukan ma masu matsakaiciyar kuɗi na iya basu kuɗi. Har ila yau, karnuka sun zama masu sha'awar Foggy Albion, inda aka daɗe ana farauta da wasa. Sun isa Ingila, inda ake yin kiwo, sun zama sun fi guntu kuma da gajerun kafafu.
A cikin 1836, Dokta Karl Reichenbach ya fara ba da kwatancen dachshunds da yawa. A cikin littafinsa, an nuna karnuka da madaidaita da karkatattun hannaye, masu santsi-gashi da dogon gashi, da kuma gashi-mai-waya.
A cikin 1879 nau'in ya daidaita, akwai maki 54 a cikin littafin ingarma. Kusan lokaci guda, da farko sun zo Amurka, tare da baƙi daga Ingila da Jamus.
A cikin 1885 Kenungiyar Kennel ta Amurka ta yi rajistar nau'in, ta bayyana shi da "ƙarfin zuciya har zuwa rashin kulawa." Karnuka na lokacin sun fi girma, tunda karnukan zamani sun fi karen farauta kawance.
Yaƙin Duniya na Farko ya yi mummunan tasiri ga shaharar jinsi a Amurka da Turai. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, dachshund alama ce ta Jamus, kuma a wancan lokacin yanayin adawa da Jamusanci ya yi ƙarfi kuma mallakar wannan kare a matsayin cin amana.
Sun tsira daga wannan yaƙin har ma sun fara dawo da farin jininsu, amma don sake yin hakan yayin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu. Bayan kammala karatun ta, ƙungiyar masoyan dachshund sun gudanar da aikin ilimantarwa tare da gabatar da talakawa ga wannan kare.
Effortsoƙarinsu bai kasance a banza ba; a yau suna daga cikin shahararrun nau'o'in 10 a duniya, ba su da ƙasa da shahara a Rasha.
Bayani
Dachshunds karnukan tsoka ne masu doguwar jiki, gajeru, ƙafafu masu ƙarfi da faɗi mai faɗi. Fatarsu na roba ne kuma masu juriya, suna taimakawa kare kare yayin tafiya ta cikin ƙananan ramuka.
Kirjin yana da zurfi, mai faɗi, tare da keel na halayya da ƙarar huhu don taimakawa tsayayya da aikin motsa jiki. Hancin dogo ne, an yi amannar hancin mafi girma don ɗaukar ƙarin ƙanshi. Kokon kai yana dame, kunnuwa dogaye ne, suna zubewa.
Wannan yanayin kunnen yana taimakawa wajen kare magudanan kunne daga datti.
Wutsiya tana da tsayi idan aka kwatanta ta da jiki, tana mannewa yayin farin ciki. Sun ce wannan yana taimakawa gano kare a cikin ciyawa kuma idan ya makale a rami (ko an binne shi da badger), to ya dace a cire shi domin shi.
A cikin karnukan da ke da launi, launin idanun na iya zama amber, launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko kore, amma bisa daidaito idanun duhun sun fi kyau.
Girma
Dachshunds ya zo cikin girma uku: daidaitacce, ƙarami da zomo daga jamus kaninchen. "
Tabbatacce da ƙarami ana saninsa kusan ko'ina, amma ba a san zomo a cikin Amurka da Burtaniya ba, amma kulab ɗin da ke mambobin FCI sun amince da su, kuma waɗannan ƙasashe 83 ne.
Mafi yawancin lokuta ana samun karnuka a tsakiya tsakanin daidaitattun abubuwa da ƙananan girma.
Nauyin daidaitaccen kare ya kai kilogiram 9, ƙananan karnuka daga 4 zuwa 5.5 kilogiram, zomon dachshunds har zuwa 3.5. Dangane da mizanin kulab ɗin gidan ajiyar, ƙarami da zomo (idan an gane shi) ya banbanta da daidaito kawai cikin girma da nauyi.
Kodayake wasu ƙungiyoyin canine suna amfani da nauyi don rarrabuwa (AKC), wasu suna ƙayyade bambanci tsakanin ƙarami da madaurin kirji, kuma a Jamusanci suna amfani da dukkanin sifofi ukun.
Don haka, don ƙaramin kirji daga 30 zuwa 35 cm, don zomaye har zuwa 30 cm.
Ulu da launi
Dachshunds ya banbanta cikin tsayin gashi: mai dogon gashi, gajere da gashi mai waya. Gashi mai gashi ba ta da yawa a Turai, amma an fi samunta a ƙasarsu ta asali, Jamus.
A cikin dashshunds-mai gashi mai santsi ko gajeren gashi, yana da sheki da santsi, yana kwance kusa da jiki, kare na da alamun lasa. Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin cm 2. A wutsiya, gashin yana kwance daidai da na jiki, a hankali yana raguwa a tsayi kusa da tip.
Jela wutsiya, da kuma wutsiya mara gashi, babbar illa ce. Kunnuwa suna da gajeren gashi wanda ke rufe sashin waje.
Masu dogon gashi suna da kyan gani, tare da sheki mai laushi, mai laushi, dan kadan wanda ya fi tsayi a kirji, ciki, kunnuwa da baya na kafafu. Kada ya zama mai lanƙwasa ko mai kauri sosai cewa ba za a ga nau'in jikin ba, bai kamata ya yi tsayi a kan jikin duka ba.
A cikin dabbobi masu gashi mai waya, yana samar da wata riga mai kauri, mai kauri da tauri wacce ta rufe dukkan jiki banda kunnuwa, muƙamuƙi da gira.
Akwai tufafi mai laushi karkashin babbar rigar. Maganar bakin fuska tana da ɗan daɗi, saboda keɓaɓɓun girare da gemu.
Doguwar curly mai laushi ko gashi mai tasowa ta hanyoyi daban-daban ana ɗaukarta aure, kamar dai ulu mai laushi a cikin babbar rigar, duk inda ta bayyana. An rufe wutsiya da gashi, taper a ƙarshen, ba tare da fure ba.
Dachshunds ya zo da launuka da launuka iri-iri, daga sauƙaƙƙen abu ɗaya zuwa tabo, fawn, baki da tan, cakulan da marmara.
Hali
Dachshund abin fara'a ne a gajerun ƙafa. Dan wasa, mai kauna kuma mai kusanci ga duk yan uwa, suna da taurin kai da taurin kai, wanda hakan yakan sanya horo ya zama mai wahala.
Suna da tausayi da lura, suna haushi a ƙaramar ƙararrawa. Ba kwa tsammanin irin wannan kara da ƙara mai ƙarfi daga irin wannan gajeren kare, kuma ba tare da horo ba za su iya tsokanar maƙwabta da haushi.
Tun da ba shi da sauƙi a horar da su, ana buƙatar haƙuri da sannu-sannu daga masu su.
Yi hankali da nesanta da baƙi, suna da aminci da aminci ga masu mallakar su. Ba tare da iyali ba, suna fara zama masu gundura da bakin ciki, wanda ke haifar da halaye marasa kyau kamar haushi ko gurnani, cinye abubuwa da kayan daki.
Kuma tun da ba sa son zuwa waje a cikin yanayi mai danshi, yawan rashin nishaɗi da kaɗaici suna cike da hargitsi a cikin gidan.
An haife su mafarauta, masu kaunar haƙa ƙasa. Yanayin tabbataccen wannan ilhami shine dachshunds na iya yin wasa na sa'o'i tare da mai shi, kuma gabaɗaya kare ne mai rai da aiki. Mara kyau - suna darajar kayan wasan su kuma yunƙurin ɗauke su na iya haifar da zalunci ga yara ko wasu dabbobi.
Halin haƙa yana nufin za a haƙa yadin, idan babu yadi, to tukwanen filawa za su sauko. Bayan wannan, wanene kuma zai iya haƙawa a ƙarƙashin shinge da sauri kuma ya tafi neman balaguro?
Da kyau, babbar matsala ita ce, ƙananan dabbobi ba komai bane kawai ga ganima ga dachshund. Tsuntsaye, hamster, ferrets da aladun guinea na cikin halaka idan aka bar su ita kaɗai.
Wannan ba kare bane wanda zai bada damar cutar dashi saboda kankantar sa. Komai girman kishiyar, za su yi fada. Karami ne amma mai girman kai wanda ke amsa mafi kyau ga ƙarfafawa da kulawa. Zata iya tsayayya da horo mai wuyar gaske, harma da haushi da cizon.
Wannan ba shine mafi kyawun karen da za'a ajiye shi a cikin iyalai tare da kananan yara ba. Muna buƙatar zamantakewar jama'a da horar da yara don su fahimci halayen kare kuma suyi aiki dashi da kyau. Ba sa son sowa idan ana zolayar su da cizon baya ba tare da jinkiri ba.
Wannan baya nufin basu son yara ba, akasin haka, dayawa suna abota dasu. Amma a matsayinka na mai mulki, waɗannan manyan yara ne waɗanda suke fahimta da girmama karensu.
A shekara ta 2008, Jami'ar Pennsylvania ta yi nazarin ƙananan karnuka 6,000 tare da manufar "gano asalin halittar da ke da nasaba da mummunan hali." Dachshunds ya mamaye jerin, tare da kusan 20% cizon baƙi ko kai hari ga wasu karnuka da masu su. Gaskiya ne, harin irin wadannan karnukan ba safai yake haifar da munanan raunuka ba, amma ba a saka wannan a cikin rahoton ba.
A cikin littafinsa na Intelligence of Dogs, Stanley Coren, farfesan ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami’ar British Columbia da ke Vancouver, ya bayyana su a matsayin matsakaita karnuka a cikin hankali da biyayya. Suna cikin na 49 akan jerin.
- Dogayen gashi masu gashi-gashi sune yankakke, sun fi kowa nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali. Wataƙila saboda kasancewar spaniels a cikin kakannin.
- Mai gajeren gashi shine mafi soyuwa a cikin duka, yana shan wahala mafi yawa daga rabuwa da rashin amincewa da baƙi.
- Dachshunds-gashi mai gashi-gashi sune jajirtattu kuma masu kuzari, fitina kuma masu saurin nuna taurin kai. Wannan shine cancantar kakannin magabata.
Kulawa
Don ƙaramin gashi mai santsi, mai gashi mai gashi da gashi mai waya yana buƙatar ƙarin haɗuwa. Koyaya, duk ɗaya, kulawa ba wuya.
Ya kamata a ba da hankali musamman ga yanayin baya, saboda dachshunds yana fuskantar matsaloli tare da shi. Misali, ba za ka iya barin su su yi tsalle daga tsayi ba kuma su dauki 'ya'yan kwikwiyo ta wuyan wuyansu.
Lafiya
Dachshunds yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka na tsarin musculoskeletal, musamman ga lahani daga cikin faya-fayan intervertebral saboda doguwar kashin baya da gajeren kirji.
Haɗarin ya karu ta hanyar kiba, tsalle, sarrafawa ta hankali, ko motsa jiki. Kimanin 20-25% suna fama da lahani na diski.
Hakanan suna fama da cututtukan ninkaya ko osteoporosis, yayin da kuɗayen kwikwiyo ke rabuwa kuma an tilasta shi yin rarrafe a kan cikinsa. Wannan cuta tana faruwa a yawancin kiwo, amma yana da yawa a cikin dachshunds.
Dalilin kuwa shine rashin ma'adinai da hasken rana. A kowane hali, idan kare ka ba shi da lafiya, ka tabbata ka ga likitan dabbobi!
