Bala'in muhalli na faruwa ne bayan sakacin mutanen da ke aiki a masana'antar masana'antu. Kuskure daya na iya lakume dubban rayuka. Abun takaici, bala'o'in muhalli sukan faru sau da yawa: kwararar gas, malalar mai, gobarar daji. Yanzu bari muyi magana game da kowane bala'i.
Bala'i a yankin ruwa
Daya daga cikin bala'o'in muhalli shine asarar ruwa mai yawa a cikin Tekun Aral, wanda matakin sa ya faɗi da mita 14 sama da shekaru 30. Ya kasu kashi biyu na ruwa, kuma yawancin dabbobin ruwa, kifi da tsire-tsire sun mutu. Wani ɓangare na Tekun Aral ya bushe kuma yashi ya rufe shi. Akwai karancin ruwan sha a wannan yankin. Kuma kodayake akwai yunƙurin maido da yankin ruwa, amma akwai yuwuwar mutuwar babban tsarin yanayin ƙasa, wanda zai zama asarar girman sifofin duniya.
Wani bala'i ya sake faruwa a cikin 1999 a tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Zelenchuk. A wannan yankin, akwai canji a cikin koguna, canja wurin ruwa, kuma yawan danshi ya ragu sosai, wanda ya taimaka wajen raguwar yawan flora da dabbobi, an lalata yankin Elburgan.
Ofayan masifun duniya shine asarar iskar oxygen da ke cikin ruwa. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa a cikin rabin karnin da ya gabata, wannan mai nuna alama ya faɗi da fiye da 2%, wanda ke da mummunan tasirin tasirin ruwan Tekun Duniya. Saboda tasirin anthropogenic akan hydrosphere, an lura da raguwar yanayin oxygen a cikin layin ruwa mai kusa da-ƙasa.
Gurɓatar ruwa ta sharar filastik yana da lahani a yankin. Barbashin da ke shiga cikin ruwa na iya canza yanayin halittar tekun kuma yana da mummunan tasiri ga rayuwar marine (dabbobi suna kuskuren filastik da abinci kuma suna kuskuren haɗiye abubuwan sunadarai). Wasu barbashi sunada kankanta har ba'a iya ganinsu. A lokaci guda, suna da mummunan tasiri kan yanayin halittar ruwa, wato: suna haifar da canji a yanayin yanayi, suna tarawa cikin ƙwayoyin halittun mazaunan ruwa (yawancinsu mutane suna cinye su), kuma suna rage albarkatun teku.
Daya daga cikin masifu na duniya shine hauhawar matakin ruwa a tekun Caspian. Wasu masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa a cikin 2020 matakin ruwa na iya tashi ta wani mita 4-5. Wannan zai haifar da sakamakon da babu makawa. Garuruwa da shuke-shuke na masana'antu da ke kusa da ruwa za su malale.
Zubar da mai
Ruwan mai mafi girma ya faru ne a cikin 1994, wanda aka sani da bala'in Usinsk. An samu nasarori da yawa a cikin bututun mai, sakamakon haka an zube sama da tan 100,000 na kayan mai. A wuraren da malalar mai ta auku, an lalata flora da fauna kusan. Yankin ya sami matsayin yankin bala'in muhalli.
Wani bututun mai ya fashe kusa da Khanty-Mansiysk a 2003. Fiye da tan 10,000 na mai ya kwarara zuwa Kogin Mulymya. Dabbobi da tsire-tsire sun mutu, duka a cikin kogin da kan ƙasa a yankin.
Wani bala'i ya sake faruwa a 2006 kusa da Bryansk, lokacin da tan 5 na mai ya malala a ƙasa sama da murabba'in mita 10. km Albarkatun ruwa a cikin wannan radius sun ƙazantu. Wani bala'in muhalli ya faru saboda malalar bututun mai na Druzhba.
A cikin 2016, masifu biyu na mahalli sun riga sun faru. Kusa da Anapa, a ƙauyen Utash, man da ya malalo daga tsofaffin rijiyoyin da ba a amfani da su yanzu. Girman ƙasa da gurɓataccen ruwa ya kusan muraba'in mita dubu, ɗaruruwan tsuntsayen ruwa sun mutu. A Sakhalin, sama da tan 300 na mai ya malala a cikin Urkt Bay da Kogin Gilyako-Abunan daga bututun da ba ya aiki.
Sauran bala'o'in muhalli
Haɗari da fashewar abubuwa a tsire-tsire na masana'antu na gama gari ne. Don haka a shekarar 2005 aka samu fashewar abubuwa a wata masana'antar kasar Sin. Yawancin benzene da sunadarai masu guba sun shiga cikin kogin. Amur. A 2006, kamfanin Khimprom ya saki kilogram 50 na chlorine. A cikin 2011, a Chelyabinsk, yoyon bromine ya faru a tashar jirgin ƙasa, wanda aka ɗauka a ɗayan kekunan shanun jigilar kaya. A shekarar 2016, sinadarin nitric ya kama da wuta a wata masana'antar hada sinadarai da ke Krasnouralsk. A cikin 2005, akwai gobara da yawa a gandun daji saboda dalilai daban-daban. Yanayin ya yi asara mai yawa.
Wataƙila waɗannan sune manyan bala'o'in muhalli waɗanda suka faru a Tarayyar Rasha cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata. Dalilinsu kuwa shi ne rashin kulawa, sakaci, kuskuren da mutane suka yi. Wasu daga cikin bala'oin sun kasance ne saboda kayan aiki na zamani, wadanda ba a gano sun lalace a lokacin ba. Duk wannan ya haifar da mutuwar shuke-shuke, dabbobi, zuwa cututtukan jama'a da mutuwar mutane.
Bala'in muhalli a cikin Rasha a cikin 2016
A cikin 2016, manyan bala'o'i da yawa da yawa sun faru a yankin ƙasar Rasha, wanda ya ƙara dagula yanayin yanayin ƙasar.
Bala'i a yankin ruwa
Da farko dai, ya kamata a sani cewa a ƙarshen bazara 2016, malalar mai ta faru a cikin Bahar Maliya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda malalar mai a yankin ruwa. Sakamakon samuwar baƙar fata mai ɗanɗano, dabbobin dozin da yawa, yawan kifayen da sauran rayuwar ruwan teku sun mutu. Dangane da asalin wannan abin da ya faru, babban abin kunya ya ɓarke, amma masana sun ce lalacewar da aka yi ba ta wuce gona da iri ba, amma lalacewar yanayin theasar Bahar Maliya har yanzu ana haifar da shi kuma wannan gaskiya ne.
Wata matsalar ta sake faruwa yayin mika kogin Siberia zuwa China. Kamar yadda masana kimiyyar muhalli suka ce, idan kun canza tsarin mulkin rafuka kuma kuka karkata zuwa ga China, wannan zai shafi aiki da duk wasu halittu da ke kewaye da yankin. Ba wai kawai kogin zai canza ba, amma yawancin flora da dabbobin da ke rafin za su lalace. Lalacewar za a yi wa yanayin da ke ƙasa, yawancin tsire-tsire, dabbobi da tsuntsaye za su lalace. Za a yi fari a wasu wurare, yawan amfanin gona zai fadi, wanda hakan zai haifar da karancin abinci ga jama'a. Bugu da kari, canje-canje a yanayi zai faru kuma zaizayar kasa na iya faruwa.
Hayaki a cikin birane
Bakin hayaki da hayaƙi wata matsala ce a wasu biranen Rasha. Yana da, da farko dai, al'ada ce ga Vladivostok. Tushen hayakin a nan shine tsiron ƙonawa. Wannan a zahiri baya ba mutane damar yin numfashi kuma suna haɓaka cututtukan numfashi daban-daban
Gabaɗaya, a cikin 2016 akwai manyan bala'o'in muhalli da yawa a cikin Rasha. Don kawar da sakamakon su da dawo da yanayin yanayin, ana buƙatar manyan kuɗaɗen kuɗi da ƙoƙari na ƙwararrun ƙwararru.
Bala'in muhalli a cikin 2017
A cikin Rasha, an ayyana shekara ta 2017 a matsayin Shekarar Ilimin Lafiyar Kasa, don haka abubuwa daban-daban na al'adu za su faru ne ga masana kimiyya, fitattun jama'a da kuma gama gari. Ya kamata a yi tunani game da yanayin mahalli a cikin 2017, tun da yawancin bala'o'in muhalli sun riga sun faru.
Gurɓatar mai
Daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin muhalli a Rasha shine gurbatar yanayi tare da kayan mai. Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon takewar fasahar hakar ma'adanai, amma mafi yawan hadurra na faruwa yayin safarar mai. Lokacin da masu jigilar ruwa suke jigilar shi, barazanar bala'i tana ƙaruwa sosai.
A farkon shekara, a cikin Janairu, wani bala'in gaggawa na muhalli ya faru a Zolotoy Rog Bay na Vladivostok - malalar mai, wanda ba a gano asalin gurɓataccensa ba. Tabon mai ya bazu a wani yanki na 200 sq. mita. Da zarar hatsarin ya faru, sabis na ceto na Vladivostok ya fara kawar da shi. Kwararru sun tsabtace yankin na murabba'in mita 800, suna tattara kusan lita 100 na cakuda mai da ruwa.
A farkon watan Fabrairu, wani sabon bala'in malalar mai ya afkawa. Wannan ya faru ne a Jamhuriyar Komi, wato a cikin garin Usinsk a daya daga cikin rijiyoyin mai saboda lalacewar bututun mai. Kusan lalacewar yanayi shine yaduwar tan 2.2 na kayan mai sama da kadada 0.5 na ƙasa.
Bala'i na uku da ya shafi muhalli a Rasha dangane da malalar mai shi ne abin da ya faru a Kogin Amur da ke gabar Khabarovsk. Membobin All-Russia Popular Front ne suka gano alamun zubewar a farkon Maris. Hanyar "mai" ta fito ne daga bututun bututu. A sakamakon haka, slick ya rufe 400 sq. mita na bakin teku, kuma yankin kogin ya fi 100 sq. Da zarar an gano tabon mai, masu fafutuka sun kira masu aikin ceto, da kuma wakilan hukumar birnin. Ba a samo asalin malalar mai ba, amma an yi rikodin abin da ya faru a kan kari, saboda haka, kawar da hatsarin nan da nan da kuma tattara cakudadden mai da ruwa ya ba da damar rage barnar da muhalli ke yi. An shigar da karar shari'a cikin lamarin. Hakanan, an ɗauki samfurin ruwa da ƙasa don ƙarin nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Hatsarin matatar mai
Baya ga gaskiyar cewa yana da haɗari don jigilar kayan mai, abubuwan gaggawa na iya faruwa a matatun mai. Don haka a ƙarshen Janairu a cikin garin Volzhsky, fashewa da ƙone kayayyakin mai ya faru a ɗayan kamfanonin. Kamar yadda masana suka kafa, dalilin wannan bala'in keta dokokin ƙa'idodi ne. An yi sa'a, babu asarar rai a gobarar, amma an yi mummunar illa ga muhalli.
A farkon watan Fabrairu, gobara ta tashi a Ufa a daya daga cikin tsirrai da suka kware a harkar tace mai. Ma'aikatan kashe gobara sun fara shayar da wutar a take, wanda hakan ya ba da damar shawo kan abubuwan. An shafe wutar a cikin awanni 2.
A tsakiyar watan Maris, gobara ta tashi a wani gidan ajiyar kayayyakin mai a St. Petersburg. Da zaran wutar ta tashi, sai ma’aikatan rumbunan ajiye kaya suka kira masu ceto, wadanda suka iso nan take suka fara kawar da hatsarin. Adadin ma'aikatan EMERCOM ya wuce mutane 200, wadanda suka yi nasarar kashe wutar tare da hana wata babbar fashewa. Gobarar ta mamaye yanki mai girman sq 1000. mita, kazalika wani bangare na bangon ginin ya lalace.
Gurbatar iska
A watan Janairu, hazo mai launin ruwan kasa da aka kafa akan Chelyabinsk. Duk wannan sakamako ne na hayaƙin masana'antu daga masana'antar garin. Yanayi ya ƙazantu sosai har mutane suna shaƙa. Tabbas, akwai hukumomin birni inda yawan jama'a zasu iya yin amfani da korafi a lokacin shan hayaki, amma wannan bai kawo sakamako mai kyau ba. Wasu masana'antun ba sa ma amfani da matatun tsarkakewa, kuma tarar ba ta ƙarfafa masu mallakar masana'antu masu datti da su fara kula da yanayin garin. Kamar yadda mahukuntan birni da talakawa ke faɗi, yawan hayakin da ake fitarwa ya karu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma hazo mai duhu wanda ya lulluɓe garin a lokacin sanyi yana tabbatar da hakan.
A cikin Krasnoyarsk, a tsakiyar Maris, "baƙin sama" ya bayyana. Wannan lamarin yana nuna cewa an watse ƙazamai masu lahani a cikin yanayi. A sakamakon haka, yanayi na matakin farko na haɗari ya ɓullo a cikin birni. An yi imanin cewa a wannan yanayin, abubuwan sinadaran da suka shafi jiki ba sa haifar da cuta ko cututtuka a cikin mutane, amma lalacewar mahalli har yanzu yana da mahimmanci.
Yanayi ya gurɓace a cikin Omsk shima. Mafi yawan fitowar abubuwa masu cutarwa ya faru kwanan nan. Masana sun gano cewa narkar da sinadarin ethyl mercaptan ya ninka sau 400 fiye da yadda aka saba. Akwai wani wari mara dadi a cikin iska, wanda har talakawa wadanda basu san abinda ya faru ba suka lura dashi. Don kawo mutanen da ke da alhakin haɗarin zuwa alhakin aikata laifi, ana bincika duk masana'antar da ke amfani da wannan sinadarin wajen samarwa. Sakin ethyl mercaptan yana da haɗari sosai saboda yana haifar da jiri, ciwon kai da rashin daidaituwa cikin mutane.
An sami gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska tare da hydrogen sulfide a cikin Moscow. Don haka a watan Janairu an sami babban sakin kemikal a matatar mai. A sakamakon haka, an buɗe shari'ar laifi, tun lokacin da sakin ya haifar da canji cikin kaddarorin sararin samaniya. Bayan wannan, aikin shuka da yawa ko lessasa ya koma yadda yake, Muscovites sun fara gunaguni ƙasa kaɗan game da gurɓatar iska. Koyaya, a farkon Maris, an sake gano wasu ƙwayoyin abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin sararin samaniya.
Hadari a kamfanoni daban-daban
Wani babban hatsari ya faru a Cibiyar Bincike da ke Dmitrovgrad, wato hayaƙin injin mai sarrafawa. Alarmararrawar wuta ta tashi nan take. An rufe mahakar don gyara matsalar - kwararar mai. Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, kwararru sun bincika wannan na'urar, kuma an gano cewa har yanzu ana iya amfani da reactors na kimanin shekaru 10, amma yanayin gaggawa na faruwa a kai a kai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake sakin cakuda rediyo cikin yanayi.
A farkon rabin watan Maris, gobara ta tashi a masana'antar masana'antar hada sinadarai a Togliatti. Don kawar da shi, masu aikin ceto 232 da kayan aiki na musamman sun shiga ciki. Dalilin wannan lamarin shine mafi yuwuwar zubewar cyclohexane. Abubuwa masu cutarwa sun shiga cikin iska.
Bala'in muhalli a cikin 2018
Yana da ban tsoro lokacin da Yanayi ke kan ɓarke, kuma babu wani abu da zai tsayayya da abubuwan. Abin bakin ciki ne yayin da mutane suka kawo halin da ake ciki zuwa mummunan bala'i, kuma sakamakonsa yana yin barazana ga rayuwar ba kawai mutane ba, har ma da sauran halittu.
Sharar sha'awa
A cikin 2018, arangama tsakanin mazauna yankuna masu fama da lamuran muhalli da "baron shara" ya ci gaba a Rasha. Hukumomin Tarayya da na gida suna gina wuraren share shara domin ajiyar sharar gida wanda ke gurɓata mahalli kuma ya sanya rayuwa a yankunan da ke kusa da shi bai yuwuwa ga yan ƙasa ba.
A cikin Volokolamsk a cikin 2018, mutane sun sha guba ta iskar gas da ke fitowa daga wani shara. Bayan mashahurin taron, hukumomi sun yanke shawarar jigilar shara zuwa wasu batutuwa na Tarayyar. Mazauna yankin Arkhangelsk sun gano gina wani shara, kuma sun fita zuwa irin wannan zanga-zangar.
Irin wannan matsalar ta faru a Yankin Leningrad, Jamhuriyar Dagestan, Jamhuriyar Dagestan, Mari-El, Tyva, Yankin Primorsky, Kurgan, Tula, Yankunan Tomsk, inda, baya ga jami'in da ke cike wuraren shara, akwai wuraren shara ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Bala'in Armeniya
Mazauna birnin Armyansk sun sami matsalar numfashi a cikin 2018. Matsalolin ba su tashi daga shara ba, amma saboda aikin tsiron Titan. Kayan karfe sun yi tsatsa Yara sune farkon waɗanda suka shaƙa, sannan tsofaffi suka biyo baya, manya masu ƙoshin lafiya na Arewacin Kirimiya sun miƙa tsawon lokaci, amma kuma basu iya jure tasirin sulfur dioxide ba.
Lamarin ya kai ga kwashe mazauna garin, lamarin da babu shi a tarihi bayan bala'in Chernobyl.
Sinking Rasha
A cikin 2018, wasu yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha sun ƙare a ƙasan kogunan ruwa da tafkuna. A lokacin sanyi mai sanyi na 2018, wani yanki na Yankin Krasnodar ya shiga cikin ruwa. Wata gada ta rushe a kan babbar hanyar tarayya ta Dzhubga-Sochi.
A daminar shekarar, an sami ambaliyar ruwa a Yankin Altai, shawa da dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa sun haifar da ambaliyar kogin Ob River.
Biranen Rasha da ke ƙonewa
A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018, dazuzzuka na ci da wuta a Yankin Krasnoyarsk, Yankin Irkutsk da Yakutia, kuma hayaki da tokar da ke tashi a toka sun mamaye matsugunan. Garuruwa, ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka sun kasance masu tuno da shirye-shiryen silima game da duniyar bayan tashin hankali. Mutane ba su fita kan tituna ba tare da buƙata ta musamman ba, kuma yana da wuya numfashi a cikin gidaje.
A wannan shekarar, kadada miliyan 3.2 sun kone a Rasha a gobara dubu 10, sakamakon haka mutane 7296 suka mutu.
Babu abin da za a numfasa
Tsoffin masana'antun da rashin son sanya masu kayan magani sune dalilan da a cikin 2018 a tarayyar ta Rasha akwai garuruwa 22 da basu dace da rayuwar dan adam ba.
Manyan cibiyoyin masana'antu suna kashe mazaunan su sannu a hankali, waɗanda sau da yawa fiye da sauran yankuna suna fama da cutar kansa, cututtukan zuciya da na huhu, da ciwon sukari.
Shugabannin gurbatattun iska a biranen su ne Sakhalin, Irkutsk da yankunan Kemerovo, Buryatia, Tuva da Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Kuma gabar ba ta da tsabta, kuma ruwan ba zai wanke datti ba
Yankunan rairayin bakin teku na Kirimiya a cikin 2018 sun ba masu hutu mamaki tare da rashin sabis, ya tsoratar da su da shara da shara a wuraren shahararrun hutu. A Yalta da Feodosia, sharar gari ta gudana kai tsaye kusa da tsakiyar rairayin bakin teku zuwa Bahar Maliya.
Bala'in muhalli a cikin 2019
A cikin 2019, abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa sun faru a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, kuma bala'o'in da mutane suka haifar da bala'o'in ƙasa ba su ratsa ƙasar.
Dusar kankara ta kawo Sabuwar Shekara zuwa Russia, ba Santa Claus ba
Ruwa uku a lokaci daya ya haifar da masifa da yawa a farkon shekara. A cikin yankin Khabarovsk (mutane sun ji rauni), a cikin Kirimiya (sun tashi da tsoro) kuma a cikin tsaunukan Sochi (mutane biyu sun mutu), dusar ƙanƙara da ta faɗo ta toshe hanyoyin, dusar ƙanƙan da ke faɗuwa daga tsaunukan tsaunuka ta haifar da lalacewar masana'antar yawon buɗe ido, sojoji masu aikin ceto sun shiga ciki, wanda kuma ya ba da kyakkyawar dinari ga yankin da kuma kasafin kudin tarayya.
Ruwa a cikin adadi mai yawa yana kawo bala'i
Wannan bazarar a Rasha ruwan ruwa ya watse da gaske. Anyi ambaliyar ruwa a cikin Irkutsk Tulun, inda akwai cikakkun raƙuman ruwa guda biyu na ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa. Dubunnan mutane sun yi asarar dukiya, daruruwan gidaje sun lalace, kuma an yi mummunar asara ga tattalin arzikin kasa. Kogunan Oya, Oka, Uda, Belaya sun tashi mita goma.
Duk lokacin rani da kaka cikakken Amur mai gudana yana fitowa daga bankunan. Ambaliyar kaka ta haifar da lalacewar Yankin Khabarovsk na kusan dala biliyan 1. Kuma yankin Irkutsk "ya rasa nauyi" saboda haɓakar ruwa ta biliyan biliyan 35. A lokacin bazara, a wurin shakatawa na Sochi, an ƙara wani a wuraren jan hankali na yawon buɗe ido - don ɗaukar hotunan titunan da ruwa ya cinye su sanya su a kan hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a.
Lokacin zafi mai zafi ya hura wuta mai yawa
A cikin yankin Irkutsk, Buryatia, Yakutia, Transbaikalia da Krasnoyarsk Territory, an kashe gobarar daji, wanda ya zama abin da ya faru ba wai na duk dan Rasha ba, har ma da na duniya baki daya. An gano alamun taiga da aka kone a cikin sifar toka a Alaska da kuma a yankunan Arctic na Rasha. Gobara babba ta shafi dubban murabba'in kilomita, hayaki ya isa manyan birane, ya haifar da tsoro tsakanin mazauna yankin.
Duniya ta girgiza, amma babu wata halaka ta musamman
A cikin 2019, ƙungiyoyi na ɓoye na ƙasa sun faru. Kamar yadda ya saba, Kamchatka na girgiza, girgizar ƙasa ta faru a yankin tafkin Baikal, yankin na Irkutsk mai dogon lokaci kuma ya ji rawar jiki a wannan faɗuwar. A cikin Tuva, Yankin Altai da Yankin Novosibirsk, mutane ba su yi barci sosai ba, suna bin saƙonnin Ma'aikatar Gaggawa.
Guguwar iska ba iska ce kawai mai ƙarfi ba
Mahaukaciyar guguwar Linlin ta haifar da ambaliyar gidaje a Komsomolsk-on-Amur, saboda da ita ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya zo yankin Amur, wanda, haɗe da iska mai ƙarfi, ya haifar da lahani ga gonakin daidaikun mutane da kayayyakin yankin. Baya ga Yankin Khabarovsk, Primorye da Yankin Sakhalin sun sha wahala, wanda kuma ya kasance ba wutar lantarki saboda ruwan sama da iska.
Zaman lafiya atom
Duk da yake kasashen da suka ci gaba a duk duniya suna kin makamashin nukiliya, ana ci gaba da gwaje-gwaje masu nasaba da wannan fasaha a Rasha. A wannan lokacin, sojojin sun yi kuskure, kuma abin da ba zato ba tsammani ya faru - konewa kai tsaye da fashewar makamin roka kan injin nukiliya a Severodvinsk. An bayar da rahoton matakan radiation mai yawa har ma daga Norway da Sweden. Ungulu da ungulu sojoji sun bar alamarsu kan samun bayanai game da wannan lamarin, yana da wuya a fahimci wanne ne ya fi, radiyo ko hayaniyar kafofin watsa labarai.
