Kowace rana mutane suna shan iska cikin iska ba kawai ta oxygen ba, har ma da iskar gas da abubuwa masu haɗari, waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar. A halin yanzu, ana iya bambanta nau'ikan gurɓataccen yanayi:
- na halitta (pollen tsire, gobarar daji, ƙura bayan fashewar dutse);
- sunadarai (abubuwa masu gas);
- rediyoaktif (radiation daga abubuwa masu rediyo);
- electromagnetic (raƙuman lantarki);
- thermal (iska mai dumi);
- ilimin halittu (gurɓata ta microbes, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta).
Tushen gurbatacciyar iska
Matsalar gurɓatar iska ta dace da duk ƙasashen duniya, amma a duk faɗin duniya yawan iska ba ya gurɓata daidai. Mafi ƙarancin karancin iska mai tsafta shine a ƙasashe masu ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma manyan yankuna. Masana'antu daban-daban suna aiki a can: ƙarfe, sinadarai, makamashi, man petrochemical, gini. Duk waɗannan abubuwa suna fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa cikin yanayi yayin aiki. Ana buƙatar su yi amfani da tsire-tsire na maganin najasa. Wasu kasuwancin basa amfani dasu saboda basa bin ƙa'idodi ko kuma kayan aikin sun tsufa.
Abubuwa da abubuwa masu zuwa sun gurbata iska:
- carbon monoxide;
- sulfur dioxide;
- nitrogen oxide;
- carbon dioxide;
- hydrocarbons;
- karafa masu nauyi;
- ƙurar inji;
- sublimates, da dai sauransu
Sakamakon gurbacewar iska
Da farko dai, gurbatar iska yana yin illa ga lafiyar mutum, saboda yana haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki, cutar sankarar huhu, zuciya da cututtukan numfashi. Abu na biyu, gurbatawa yana haifar da cututtukan dabbobi, tsuntsaye, kifi, da mutuwar shuke-shuke.
Matsalolin gurbatar iska suna taimakawa wajen samuwar ramuka na ozone, kuma lemar ozone tana kare duniya daga hasken rana. Bugu da kari, tasirin greenhouse yana kara karfi, wanda a dalilin hakan zafin jikin yake karuwa kullum, wanda ke haifar da dumamar yanayi na duniyar. Sau ɗaya a cikin sararin samaniya, sunadarai sun faɗi ƙasa a cikin yanayin ruwan sama na acid tare da nitrogen oxides da sulfur. Hayakin hayaƙi, hayaƙi da ƙura ne ke jan manyan biranen, wanda ke ba wa mutane wahala numfashi da kuma zagaya tituna, saboda shan sigarin yana rage gani.
Domin duk mai rai ya sami damar wadatar da jikinsa da iskar oxygen a yayin aikin numfashi, ya zama dole a tsabtace yanayi. Wannan yana buƙatar rage amfani da ababen hawa, rage ɓarna, amfani da kimiyyar da ba ta da lamuran muhalli da sauya zuwa hanyoyin samar da makamashi.
