A tarihi, Turai na ɗaya daga cikin wurare a duniyar duniyar inda ayyukan ɗan adam ke aiki musamman. Manyan biranen, masana'antun ci gaba da yawancin jama'a sun mai da hankali a nan. Wannan ya haifar da mummunan matsalolin muhalli, yaƙin wanda ke ɗaukar ƙoƙari da kuɗi da yawa.
Asalin matsalar
Ci gaban ɓangaren Turai na duniyar yana da yawa saboda yawan adadin ma'adanai da yawa a cikin wannan yankin. Rarraba su ba iri ɗaya ba ne, misali, albarkatun mai (gawayi) ya mamaye yankin arewacin yankin, yayin da a kudanci kusan babu su. Wannan, bi da bi, ya rinjayi ƙirƙirar ingantattun kayayyakin sufuri, wanda ke ba da damar jigilar dutsen da aka haƙo cikin sauri a nesa mai nisa.
Ayyukan masana'antu da sufuri sun haifar da sakin adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu illa cikin yanayi. Koyaya, matsalolin muhalli na farko sun taso anan tun kafin bayyanar motoci. Guda ɗaya ce ta haifar da hakan. Misali, mazaunan London sun yi amfani da shi sosai don dumama gidajensu har hayaki ya bayyana a cikin garin. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a shekara ta 1306 an tilasta wa gwamnati ta kafa dokar takaita amfani da kwal a cikin gari.
Haƙiƙa, hayaƙin kwal ɗin da ke shaƙa bai je ko'ina ba, kuma bayan shekaru 600, ya sake yin wata damuwa a London. A lokacin hunturu na shekarar 1952, hayaki mai danshi ya sauka a cikin garin, wanda ya kwashe kwanaki biyar. A cewar majiyoyi daban-daban, daga mutane 4,000 zuwa 12,000 sun mutu daga shaka da kuma ta'azarar cututtuka. Babban abin da aka san shi da hayaƙi shine gawayi.
Halin da ake ciki yanzu
A zamanin yau, yanayin muhalli a cikin Turai yana da nau'ikan wasu nau'ikan da hanyoyin gurɓatarwa. An maye gurbin Coal da hayakin mota da hayaƙin masana'antu. Haɗuwa da waɗannan hanyoyin guda biyu galibi shine ya sauƙaƙa shi ta hanyar sabuwar falsafar rayuwar birane, wacce ke samar da "zamantakewar al'umma".
Bature na zamani yana da babban matsayin rayuwa, wanda ke haifar da yawan amfani da marufi, kayan ado da sauran abubuwa waɗanda ke saurin cika aikin su kuma ana aika su zuwa kwandon shara. Asa a ƙasashe da yawa na Turai sun cika makil, an adana yanayin ta hanyar fasahar da aka gabatar don rarrabewa, sarrafawa da kuma sake amfani da kayayyakin sharar.
Yanayin muhalli a yankin ya tsananta saboda yawaita da ƙaramar ƙasashe da yawa. Babu gandun daji da suka shimfida daruruwan kilomita kuma zasu iya tsarkake iska yadda ya kamata. Scananan yanayin ƙananan yankuna ba za su iya tsayayya da matsin lambar ɗan adam ba.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa
A halin yanzu, dukkan kasashen Turai suna mai da hankali sosai kan matsalolin muhalli. Ana aiwatar da shekara-shekara na matakan rigakafi da sauran matakan kare muhalli. A matsayin wani ɓangare na gwagwarmayar kare muhalli, ana inganta safarar lantarki da kekuna, yankuna na wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa suna faɗaɗa. Ana gabatar da fasahohin ceton makamashi cikin samarwa kuma ana shigar da tsarin tace abubuwa.
Duk da matakan da aka dauka, har yanzu masu nuna muhalli ba su gamsuwa a kasashe irin su Poland, Belgium, Czech Republic da sauransu. Halin masana'antu a Poland ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin shekarun 1980s garin Krakow ya karɓi matsayin yanki na masifar muhalli saboda hayakin masana'antar sarrafa ƙarfe. Dangane da ƙididdiga, fiye da 30% na Turawa na dindindin suna rayuwa cikin yanayin mahalli mara kyau.
