Yankin ruwa shine dukkanin albarkatun ruwa a doron duniya, an kasu zuwa Tekun Duniya, ruwan karkashin kasa da kuma nahiyoyin dake saman duniya. Ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa:
- Koguna da tabkuna;
- Ruwan karkashin kasa;
- glaciers;
- tururin yanayi;
- teku da tekuna.
Ruwa yana zuwa a cikin yanayi uku na zahiri, kuma sauyawa daga ruwa zuwa mai ƙarfi ko gas, kuma akasin haka, ana kiran zagayen ruwa a yanayi. Wannan sake zagayowar yana shafar yanayi da yanayin yanayi.
Matsalar gurbatar ruwa
Ruwa shine tushen rayuwa ga dukkan rayuwa a doron duniya, gami da mutane, dabbobi, shuke-shuke, sannan kuma suna shiga cikin matakai daban-daban na jiki, sinadarai da ilimin rayuwa. Saboda gaskiyar cewa ɗan adam yana amfani da ruwa a kusan dukkanin bangarorin rayuwa, yanayin waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa ya lalace sosai a wannan lokacin.
Daya daga cikin mahimman matsaloli a cikin ruwa shine gurɓataccen yanayi. Masana kimiyya sun gano nau'ikan gurɓataccen buhunan ruwa:
- kwayoyin;
- sinadarai;
- na inji ko na jiki;
- nazarin halittu;
- na thermal;
- radiyo;
- na waje.
Yana da wuya a faɗi wane nau'in gurɓataccen abu ne mafi haɗari, duk suna da lahani ga digiri daban-daban, kodayake, a ra'ayinmu, mafi girman lalacewa ta lalacewa ta hanyar rediyo da gurɓatar sinadarai. Ana ɗaukar mafi yawan tushen gurɓataccen abu ne na mai da ƙazantar da ruwa, ruwan sha na gida da na masana'antu. Hakanan, mahaɗan sunadarai da aka watsa cikin sararin samaniya kuma suka huce tare da hazo shiga cikin ruwa.
Matsalar ruwan sha
Akwai manyan ruwa a duniyarmu, amma ba duka ya dace mutane su cinye ba. Kashi 2% kawai na albarkatun ruwa na duniya suna fitowa ne daga ruwa mai kyau wanda za'a sha, saboda kashi 98% na ruwa mai gishiri ne. A halin yanzu, koguna, tabkuna da sauran hanyoyin samun ruwan sha duk gurbatattu ne, kuma hatta tsabtace matakai da yawa, wanda ba koyaushe ake aiwatar da su ba, ba ya taimakawa lamarin da yawa. Bugu da kari, albarkatun ruwa ba su rarrabu ba a doron kasa, kuma ba a bunkasa tsarin hanyoyin ruwa a ko'ina, don haka akwai yankuna masu bushewa na duniya inda ruwa ya fi zinare tsada. A can, mutane suna mutuwa saboda rashin ruwa, musamman yara, tunda matsalar ƙarancin ruwan sha ana ɗaukarta dacewa da duniya a yau. Hakanan, amfani da ruwa mai datti, mara kyau tsarkakewa, yana haifar da cututtuka daban-daban, wasu daga cikinsu ma suna haifar da mutuwa.
Idan ba mu damu da yadda za mu rage yawan gurbataccen ruwa ba kuma ba mu fara tsabtace jikin ruwa ba, to wasu mutane za su sha guba da ruwan datti, yayin da wasu za su bushe kawai ba tare da shi ba.
