Babban girgiza - babban kifi mai karfi wanda yake daga jinsin halittar da aka yiwa rai da kuma tsarin makircin doki. Saboda girman girmansa, ana kiran quranks din nan katon dokin mackerel, tunda yayi kamanceceniya da wannan kifin kasuwanci a zahiri da kuma ingancin nama, amma ya fi karfinsa a girma. Amma babbar carax ba wai kawai ana rarrabe ta da girman ta ba, amma kuma ta babban ƙarfi, gami da halayyar zamantakewar da ke canzawa sau da yawa yayin rayuwa. A cikin wannan kayan, za mu gaya muku dalla-dalla game da babban carax, da salon rayuwarsa, abincinsa da haifuwarsa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Babban keɓewa
Ana iya jayayya da cewa Caranx na ɗayan thean tsirarun halittu ne waɗanda, tare da ƙananan canje-canje, suka sauko mana daga zamanin dinosaur. Masana kimiyya-ichthyology suna jayayya cewa babban caranx, a matsayin jinsin, an kirkireshi ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 60 da suka gabata kuma kusan ba haka bane tun lokacin.
Masanan burbushin halittu sun gano kwarangwal na caranx a cikin sauran abubuwan da aka bari, a zurfin mita 8, wanda yayi daidai da lokacin Cretaceous. A karo na farko, an gano abubuwan da aka gano a baya a cikin 1801 kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ana samun irin waɗannan abubuwan sau da yawa. A cikin yanayinsa na yanzu, an bayyana kifin a tsakiyar karni na 19 kuma an lura da shi a cikin aikin yawa na Carl Linnaeus. Dole ne in fada, duk da shekaru 200 da suka gabata, kifin bai canza ba kwata-kwata saboda haka kwatancinsa bai tsufa ba.
Bidiyo: Babban keɓewa
Wani fasali na musamman na babban karax shine yalwatacce kuma mai tsawan kai tsaye. Bugu da kari, wata sanarwa ta musamman a bayanta, inda aka cire duk bangarorin biyu na sama, ana iya daukarta ta banbanta da sauran kifaye. Kifin nasu na cire (ko sakewa) gwargwadon ƙarfin raƙuman ruwa ko lokacin farauta, lokacin da ya zama dole ayi saurin motsi.
Matsayi mai amfani, matsakaiciyar girman karaf yakai santimita 70-80, kuma nauyin yana canzawa kusan kilogram 30. Mafi girman girman kifin da aka kama shi ne santimita 124, kuma nauyin ya wuce kilogram 65. Duk da cewa caranx din yana da girman girma, kifi ne mara zurfin ruwa kuma baya nitsewa zuwa zurfin sama da mita 100, ya gwammace ya zauna a zurfin mita 20-30.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya babban keɓewar jikin mutum yake kama
Idan sifofi na musamman kamar su freshin da za'a iya janye su da kuma jiki mai tsawan gaske sun zama gama gari ga duk caraxes, to kamanninta zai canza ya danganta da nau'in kifin.
A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan qurank 16, amma uku ne kawai suka cancanci ambaton musamman, tunda sun fita daban daga yanayin gaba ɗaya.
- Caranx na zinariya. A cikin sifofinsa, kifi ne mai matsakaici. Tsawonsa bai wuce santimita 40 ba, kuma nauyinsa da wuya ya fi kilogram 3. A cikin halaye da salon rayuwarsa, ba shi da bambanci da sauran nau'ikan. Babban bambancin shine launinsa na zinariya mai haske, wanda yasa wannan kifin yayi tasiri sosai a zurfin. Bugu da ƙari, galibi ana sanya caranx na zinariya a cikin akwatin kifaye, saboda yana da kifi mai kyau, ƙarami kuma mara kyau.
- Keɓe masu cutar Senegal. Mafi qarancin dangi. Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani daga sunan, wannan kifin yana zaune ne a gaɓar tekun Senegal. Girman jikinta kusan santimita 30 ne, kuma nauyinta bai wuce kilogram 1.5 ba. Abubuwan da ke cikin jinsin sun hada da gaskiyar cewa jikin Caranx na Senegal yana da fadi sosai daga bangarorin. Kan yana da siffa mai kusurwa uku. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan caraxes ba, dan ƙasar Senegal yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan kifayen makaranta.
- Keɓe masu hanya shida. Matsakaici sized kifi. Matsayi mai mahimmanci, tsayin jikin wannan karax din yakai santimita 35-40, kuma nauyin bai wuce kilogram 5 ba. Bambancin wannan kifin shine launi mai ban mamaki, ratsi uku a kowane gefe. A bayyane, caranx mai layi-shida ta fi kama da akwatin akwatin kifaye.
Ina babban caranx yake zaune?
Hotuna: Kifin Caranx
Caranx yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin teku mai dumi da kuma teku mai zafi. Saboda haka, a cikin Rasha ba a san wannan kifin ba, kuma har ma a gidajen cin abinci abinci ne mai wuya. Yawancin yawancin caraxa suna zaune a cikin Bahar Maliya, da yammacin Tekun Atlantika da kuma gefen tekun Afirka.
A kasashe irin su Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines da Malaysia, quaranx ana daukar sa a matsayin abinci na gama gari, tunda masunta wadannan kasashe suna kamun kifi a wannan sikeli na masana’antu. Amma daga gaɓar tekun Senegal, kamun kifin don wannan kifin yana da matsakaiciya, tunda nau'ikan caranx ɗin ba su da girma kuma ba a ɗaukarsu masu ƙimar jin kifi ba.
Wani mahimmin yanayi don mazaunin carax shine zurfin kwanciyar hankali. Wadannan kifin ba sa tashi sama da mita 5 daga farfajiyar, amma kuma ba sa kasa da 100. Suna yawan rayuwarsu a zurfin mita 30-50, inda suke jin dadi sosai. Kari akan haka, wadannan kifaye suna son zama cikin lagoons masu nutsuwa, inda babu babban taguwar ruwa kuma kusan kowane lokaci teku tana cikin nutsuwa. Ba su da nisa daga bakin teku, sun fi son farauta a cikin ruwan bakin teku.
Mazaunan tsibirin Hawaiian suna da dangantaka ta musamman tare da Babban Caranx. Suna dauke shi a matsayin jarumin jarumi, wanda ba kowa ke iya kamawa ba. Tsawon lokaci, karanx yana nuna karfi da jarumtaka, kuma an hana mata cin naman wannan kifin.
Menene babban keɓe keɓaɓɓu ke ci?
Hotuna: Giant Caranx
Dole ne a faɗi cewa babban karapace mai farauta ne mai aiki. Tana da matsayi babba a cikin jerin abinci na tekun dumi, na biyu kawai ga sharks da moray eels. Bugu da ƙari, idan waɗannan kifin ba su da kowa kuma suna farauta ne kawai, to, carax kifi ne na makaranta. A halin yanzu, babban katange ne wanda ya samar da kashi 75% na dukkan kifaye masu farauta a Tekun Meziko da yammacin Tekun Atlantika. Babban abincin caraxes shine sauran kifin da bai kai su girman su ba. Bugu da ƙari, suna farauta tare da daidaito iri ɗaya tare da masu farauta da kifaye masu ciyawa.
Bugu da kari, an cinye wuraren shakatawa:
- kifin kifi;
- kawa;
- mussels;
- kayan kwalliya;
- bakin ruwa
Bugu da kari, manyan kifaye na iya farautar samari dolphins har ma da kunkuru samari, wadanda har yanzu harsashi bai yi katutu ba gaba daya. Hanyar farautar waɗannan kifin ma yana da ban sha'awa. Idan ya cancanta, cikin sauƙin haɗuwa zuwa manyan makarantu na mutane 300-500 kuma suna iya tuka manyan makarantun kifi. Bugu da ƙari, farautar quranks ba rikici bane. Akwai manyan mutane a cikin garken wadanda ke kula da harkar farauta da kuma kula da garken.
Tare da wannan dabarar, manyan kifaye suna aiki kamar mafarauta, kuma ƙananan quranks suna aiki kamar masu bugun jini. Tare da wannan dabarar, ganima ba ta da damar tserewa, kuma kusan kofofin da ke kewaye sun lalace gaba ɗaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai lokuta lokacin da yawancin garken caraxes suka kai hari har ma da dabbobin dolphin kuma suka kashe ƙananan dabbobi. Matsayi mai amfani, kullun suna farauta da yamma, kafin dare, kuma da rana sun fi so suyi kwalliya cikin zurfin aminci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u
Wani fasali na musamman na babban carax a matsayin jinsin shine cewa halayenta suna canzawa sau da yawa yayin rayuwarta. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, waɗannan kifaye suna shiga cikin manyan makarantu. Don haka, ba kawai sauƙaƙa a gare su kawai farauta da samun abinci ba, amma yana da sauƙin kare kansu daga manyan maharan. Akwai rubutattun shaidu da ke nuna cewa ɗimbin garken Caranx sun yi nasarar kare ko da kifin kifin.
Lokacin farauta a cikin garken, manyan carayari suna nuna haɗin kai. Kifi ya kasu kashi biyu mafarauta da masu duka, kuma basa barin abincinsu wata dama. Koyaya, shugabannin shirya ba su damu da duk membobin shirya ba. Kowane mutum na ƙoƙari ya fizge ganima kamar yadda ya kamata, kuma yakan faru da cewa ƙananan mutane suna ci gaba da yunwa. Bayan fara balaga, babban caranx ya fi son farauta shi kadai. Kifin ya girma zuwa girma kuma yana iya jimre wa kusan kowane farauta shi kaɗai.
Babban caranx, kamar kowane mai farauta, yana da yankinta. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, kifi sun zaɓi wuraren farautar kansu a cikin yankin ruwa tare da radius na kilomita da yawa. Wannan ya isa babban kifi mai farauta ya ciyar. Saboda kebantattun abubuwa na hangen nesa, babban caranx yana ganin mafi kyau a maraice kuma yana farauta tare da fitowar magariba. Keɓewar jikin yana aiki sosai a ƙarshen yamma kuma yana kwantar da hankali bayan tsakar dare.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A halinta, babban caranx kifi ne mai saurin tashin hankali wanda baya haƙuri da baƙi a yankinsa kuma yana kai hari ga wasu halittun ruwan teku waɗanda ƙarancin girmansu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Babban keɓewa
A cikin kifin wannan nau'in, dimorphism na jima'i yana nan. An bayyana shi a cikin launi na caraxes. Maza masu launin launin toka mai duhu ko baƙi, yayin da mata suka fi launi launi. Saboda waɗannan fasalulluka, babu matsaloli wajen tantance jima'i na manyan mutane. Sake bugun babban karax ya dogara ne kacokan da zafin ruwan. Dole ne in faɗi cewa wannan kifin yana da tsananin zafi, kuma idan ruwan tekun ya ɗan fi sanyi fiye da yadda aka saba, to, carax na iya tsallake zagayen kiwo da yawa gaba ɗaya.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi mai kyau, wannan kifin yana iya yin kwai sau 2-3 a shekara. A matsakaiciyar zafin jiki na ruwa, caranx zai sami zuriya sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Iyaye daga babban tashin hankali ba su da mahimmanci. Mata na yin ƙwai miliyan da yawa, maza sukan sa musu taki. A nan gaba, ba su damu da makomar zuriya ba kuma an bar soya wa kansu. Kimanin kashi 80% na ƙwai da soyaya suna mutuwa a farkon makonnin farko na rayuwa. Su abinci ne don yawancin kifi da rayuwar ruwa kuma ana cin su sau da yawa tare da plankton.
Bayan soyawar ta girma kuma suna iya iyo a cikin ruwa a kan kansu, kuma ba bisa ƙa'idar halin yanzu ba, suna ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa daga masu farauta a cikin inuwar jellyfish ko kuma a yankin ruwa na murjani, inda ba a sami masu haɗari masu haɗari ba. Bayan watanni 2-3, matasa sun fara ɓacewa cikin garken tumaki don farauta sosai da kuma kare kansu daga manyan maharba. Tuni a cikin watan 8 na rayuwa, quranks sun isa manyan abubuwa kuma kansu suna da haɗari ga yawancin kifi a cikin tsaunukan wurare masu zafi.
Abokan gaba na babbar quark
Hotuna: Yaya babban keɓewar jikin mutum yake kama
Babban carax bashi da makiya na zahiri. Wannan kifin yana ɗayan manyan wurare a cikin sarkar abinci a cikin tekuna masu zafi. Kawai sharks da moray eels ne ke iya farautar ƙididdigar matsakaiciyar matsakaiciya, kuma har ma da waɗannan halittun da aka haifa ba sa fuskantar babbar kifi. Babban haɗarin yana barazanar babban keɓewa cikin aiki. Soya, har ma da ƙwai, ba su da kariya, tunda iyayen ba su damu da makomar zuriyar ba.
Qwai na Caranx suna tafiya tare da plankton, kuma duk mazaunan teku masu cin abincin plankton suna cin su. Soyayyen da aka ƙyanƙyashe ya riga ya iya guje wa masu farauta, amma gabaɗaya kuma ba su da kariya daga hari. Suna ƙoƙari su kasance kusa da mafaka na ɗabi'a, atol da coral reefs. Bugu da kari, caranx soyayyen ɓoye a cikin inuwar jellyfish da babban kifi.
Mutane suna da haɗari mafi girma ga keɓewa. Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan kifin na kasuwanci ne kuma ana kama shi, tare da taimakon trawls, da sandunan juyawa da sandunan kamun kifi. A Hawaii da Thailand, akwai yawon bude ido na musamman, inda ake ba masu yawon bude ido su kama shuɗin marlin da babban carax kuma su da kansu suna jin irin ƙarfin da wannan kifin yake da shi. Amma gurɓataccen ruwan gabar teku yana da babbar barazana ga manyan kifi da soya. Ruwan dafi mai guba yana kashe ko cutar da kifin da gaske kuma yana hana soya ta girma.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: keɓewa na Royal
Duk da cewa akwai kamun kifin na masana'antun shekara guda na babban kwarin, yawan kifin baya cikin haɗari. Dangane da lissafin masana kimiyyar ilimin kimiya, akwai sama da mutane biliyan daya na masu girgizar, kuma a kowace shekara yawan jama'a yana kasancewa. Farawa a cikin 2015, hukumomi a Thailand da Indonesia sun gabatar da kayyakin kamun kifi, wanda ya ba da damar dawo da adadin quaranx. An shirya cewa daga shekarar 2020 za a dauke kason kifi, kuma wannan zai tseratar da yankin ruwan Tekun Thailand daga maharan da yawa.
Mafi girman lalacewar keɓeran, a matsayin jinsin, ya faru ne sakamakon malalar mai a Tekun Meziko. A cikin rabin shekara, adadin kifin ya ragu da kashi 10%, wanda ya zama babbar barazana ga yawan jama'a. Koyaya, nasarar rijiyar ruwa mai zurfin gaske ya haifar da lahani ga dukkan kwayoyin halittar dake rayuwa a bakin ruwa. Baya ga mazauninsu na yau da kullun, caracans suna bunƙasa a cikin akwatin kifaye a duniya. Mafi yawan lokuta, zaka iya samun caraxes na zinariya ko lu'ulu'u a wurin. Wadannan kifin suna da launi mai kayatarwa kuma suna faranta ran ido.
Caranx yana hayayyafa da kyau a cikin wani yanayi na wucin gadi, kuma rashin haɗari da kuma abokan gaba na halitta yana da babban tasiri ga rayuwar zuriyar. Kamar yadda aiki ya nuna, a cikin tafkunan roba, karkashin kulawar ɗan adam, har zuwa kashi 95% na adadin soya na iya rayuwa. A halin yanzu, yawan manyan karax ba sa fuskantar barazanar, kuma wannan kifin ya kasance jinsin kasuwanci mai mahimmanci a cikin teku da tekuna masu dumi.
Babban girgiza - mai farauta mai aiki, amma wannan baya sanya shi mara kyau da kyau a cikin zurfin teku. Wannan kyakkyawan nau'in kifi ne na kasuwanci wanda yayi kama da mackerel ta doki a dandano kuma ana amfani dashi a duk gidajen cin abinci na kifi a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi da tsibirai masu ban sha'awa.
Ranar bugawa: 01/20/2020
Ranar da aka sabunta: 04.10.2019 a 22:22
