Kazakhstan yana cikin tsakiyar Eurasia. Kasar tana da ingantaccen tattalin arziki, amma ayyukan wasu, musamman masana’antu, masana’antu sun shafi yanayin muhalli. Ba za a iya watsi da matsalolin muhalli ba, saboda wannan na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako.
Matsalar kwararar hamada
Babbar matsalar muhalli a Kazakhstan ita ce kwararar hamada. Wannan yana faruwa ba kawai a cikin yankuna masu bushe da bushe ba, har ma a yankuna masu bushe-bushe. Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne saboda dalilai masu zuwa:
- ƙarancin duniyar fure;
- m ƙasa Layer;
- mamayar yanayi mai tsananin yanayi;
- aikin anthropogenic.
A yanzu haka, Hamada tana faruwa a kan kashi 66% na ƙasar. Saboda wannan, Kazakhstan ce ta farko a cikin jerin kasashen da ke da lalatacciyar kasa.
Gurbatar iska
Kamar yadda yake a wasu ƙasashe, ɗayan matsalolin matsalolin muhalli shine gurɓatar iska ta abubuwa masu haɗari daban-daban:
- chlorine;
- tururin mota;
- nitric oxide;
- sulfur dioxide;
- abubuwa masu radiyo;
- carbon monoxide.
Shakar waɗannan mahadi masu haɗari da abubuwa tare da iska, mutane suna haifar da cututtuka irin su kansar huhu da rashin lafiyar jiki, cututtukan kwakwalwa da na jijiyoyin jiki.
Masana sun rubuta cewa mafi munin yanayi na yanayi shine a yankuna masana'antu masu ci gaban tattalin arziki - a Pavlograd, Aksu da Ekibastuz. Tushen gurbataccen yanayi motoci ne da wuraren samar da makamashi.
Gurbacewar Hydrosphere
A kan yankin Kazakhstan akwai manyan koguna guda 7, akwai kanana da manyan tabkuna, da kuma madatsun ruwa. Duk waɗannan albarkatun ruwa gurɓacewa suke yi, aikin gona da ruwan gida. Saboda wannan, abubuwa masu lahani da abubuwa masu guba suka shiga ruwa da ƙasa. A cikin ƙasar, matsalar ƙarancin ruwa mai tsabta ta zama ba da jimawa ba, tun da ruwan da ya gurɓata da mahaɗan mai guba ya zama bai dace da sha ba. Ba wuri na ƙarshe bane ke shagaltar da matsalar gurɓataccen yankunan ruwa da kayan mai. Suna hana tsarkakewar rafuka da kuma hana ayyukan kwayoyin halitta.
Gabaɗaya, akwai matsaloli masu yawa na mahalli a cikin Kazakhstan, mun tsara manyan ne kawai. Domin kiyaye muhallin kasar, ya zama dole a rage karfin tasirin dan adam kan yanayin rayuwa, rage hanyoyin gurbata muhalli da aiwatar da ayyukan muhalli.
