Tabbatar da shawarar zaizayar kasa
Zaizayar ƙasa lalata ƙasa ta iska da ruwa, motsin kayayyakin lalata da sake sanya su. Lalacewa ga ƙasa (yashwa) ta ruwa yana bayyana kansa a kan gangaren da ruwa ke gudana daga gare shi, ruwan sama ko narkewa. Yashewa jirgin sama ne (lokacin da ake wanke kasa iri-iri ta hanyar kwararar ruwa wanda ba shi da lokacin sha), akwai malala (an kafa gullies masu zurfin ciki, wadanda ake kawar da su ta hanyar aiki na yau da kullun), kuma har yanzu akwai zurfin zaizayar (yayin da kasa da duwatsu suka tafi da ruwa mai karfi). Lalacewar ƙasa ta iska, in ba haka ba ana kiranta ɓata gari, na iya haɓaka a kan kowane irin taimako, har ma a filaye. Kashewa yana yau da kullun (lokacin da iska mai sauri-sauri ta dauke kwayar kasar a cikin iska kuma ta tura su zuwa wasu yankuna), nau'ikan zaizayar kasa na biyu, na lokaci-lokaci, ma'ana, guguwar turbaya (lokacin da iska mai saurin-sauri ke dauke dukkan iskar dake saman iska, wani lokacin ma tare da amfanin gona , kuma yana dauke wadannan talakawan a nesa mai nisa).
Ire-iren zaizayar kasa
Dogaro da matakin lalacewa, ana iya bambanta yashewar ƙasa iri biyu: yashewar al'ada, wato, ta halitta, da hanzartawa, ma'ana, anthropogenic. Nau'in zaizayar farko yana faruwa ne sannu a hankali kuma baya shafar takin ƙasa ta kowace hanya. Hanzarta zaizayar kasa tana da alaƙa ta kusa da aikin tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam, ma'ana, ana kula da ƙasa ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, ana ɓata rufin ciyayi yayin kiwo, sare bishiyoyi, da sauransu. Tare da saurin bunkasar zaizayar kasa, yawan amfanin gona ya ragu, amfanin gona ya lalace, sakamakon kwazazzabai, filayen noma sun zama kasashen da basu dace ba, wannan yana matukar wahalar da noman filaye, koguna da wuraren tafki sun cika ruwa. Zaizayar kasa tana lalata hanyoyi, layukan wutar lantarki, sadarwa da sauransu. Yana haifar da babbar illa ga harkar noma.
Rigakafin yashewar ƙasa
Shekaru da yawa, yaƙi da zaizayar ƙasa ya kasance ɗayan mahimman ayyukan ƙasa a cikin haɓaka aikin noma. Don warware ta, ana haɓaka cibiyoyin yanki daban-daban waɗanda suka dace da juna, alal misali, ƙungiyoyi da tattalin arziƙi, ƙwarewa, injiniyoyi masu aikin injiniya, matakan sake kawar da gandun daji.
Kadan game da kowane taron. Matakan kariya sun hada da zurfafa noman filaye a fadin gangarowa, shuka, garma, wanda ke sauyawa kowace shekara biyu zuwa uku tare da garzayawa ta yau da kullun, ragargaza gangaren ruwa, ragargaza filin daga filaye, dutsin gangare Duk wannan yana ba da gudummawa wajen daidaita ruwan sama da narkewar ruwa, kuma, bisa ga haka, yana rage yawan wankin ƙasa. A wuraren da zaizayar iska ke yaduwa, maimakon a yi noma, ana amfani da noman gona mai fadi a tsakanin masu noma, ma’ana, tare da masu yankan fulawa. Wannan yana rage feshi kuma yana taimakawa wajen kara danshi.
Juyawar amfanin gona mai kare ƙasa yana taka rawa a cikin kowane yanki da ke fuskantar matsalar zaizayar ƙasa, sannan kuma ƙari, shukar shukokin tsire-tsire masu tsayi.
Shuke-shuken kare kariya suna da tasirin gaske a cikin ayyukan sake dawo da gandun daji. Ana ajiye bel na daji, kusa da kogi da kuma kusa da gabar teku.
A cikin ayyukan injiniyan lantarki, ana amfani da terracing a kan gangare masu tsayi sosai. A cikin irin waɗannan wurare, ana gina raƙuman ruwa don riƙe ruwa, da kuma ramuka, akasin haka, don zubar da ruwa mai yawa, saurin gudana cikin tashoshin ramuka da ramuka.
Kariyar ƙasa daga yashwa
Lalata shine babban masifar tattalin arziki. An ba da shawarar bin waɗannan tanade-tanade: na farko, ya fi sauƙi don hana yashewa fiye da yaƙar shi daga baya, kawar da sakamakonsa; a cikin muhalli ba zai yuwu a sami irin wannan ƙasa ba wanda zai kasance mai tsayayya ga lalatawa gaba ɗaya; saboda yashwa, canje-canje a cikin manyan ayyukan ƙasa suna faruwa; wannan tsari yana da matukar rikitarwa, matakan da aka yi amfani da shi dole su zama cikakke.
Menene tasirin tasirin yashewa?
Duk wani zaizayarwa na iya faruwa saboda irin wadannan dalilai:
- canje-canje a cikin yanayin yanayi;
- fasali na ƙasa;
- bala'o'i;
- aikin anthropogenic.
Zaizayar ruwa
Mafi yawanci, yashewar ruwa yana faruwa ne a kan gangaren dutse, sakamakon saukar ruwan sama da kuma narkewar ruwa. Dangane da ƙarfi, ana iya wanke ƙasa a cikin kwandon ci gaba ko kuma a rafuka daban. Sakamakon zaizayar ruwa, an rusa layin da ke sama na sama, wanda ke dauke da wadatattun abubuwan da ke ciyar da tsire-tsire. Layin layin layi shine mafi saurin lalata ƙasar, inda ƙananan kwalliya suka zama manyan ramuka da ramuka. Lokacin da zaizayar kasa ta kai wannan ma'auni, sai kasa ta zama ba ta dace da noma ko wani aiki ba.
Zaizayar iska
Talakawan iska suna da ikon kumbura ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa da kuma jigilar su zuwa nesa mai nisa. Tare da gusts ɗin iska mai mahimmanci, ƙasa zata iya watsawa a cikin adadi mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da raunana shuke-shuke, sannan kuma zuwa mutuwarsu. Idan guguwar iska ta afka cikin filin da amfanin gona ke fara fitowa a kansa, za a iya lullube shi da turbaya ya lalace. Hakanan, zaizayar iska yana cutar da wadatar ƙasar, tunda saman layin ya lalace.
Sakamakon zaizayar kasa
Matsalar zaizayar ƙasa matsala ce ta gaggawa da gaggawa ga ƙasashe da yawa na duniya. Tunda yawan amfanin gona kai tsaye yana shafar yawan amfanin gona, zaizayarwa tana kara matsalar yunwa a wasu yankuna, saboda zaizawar na iya lalata amfanin gona. Hakanan, zaizayar kasa tana shafar raguwar shuke-shuke, bi da bi, wannan yana rage yawan tsuntsaye da dabbobi. Kuma mafi munin abu shine lalacewar kasar gaba daya, wanda ke daukar daruruwan shekaru kafin ya farfado.
Hanyar kare kasa daga yashewar ruwa
Irin wannan lamari kamar lalatawa yana da haɗari ga ƙasa, sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ayyuka masu rikitarwa don tabbatar da kariyar ƙasar. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar saka idanu koyaushe tsarin lalatawa, zana taswira ta musamman kuma ku tsara aikin gida daidai. Dole ne a aiwatar da aikin gyara-gona ta la'akari da kariyar ƙasa. Yakamata a dasa shukoki a tsintsiya kuma a zaɓi haɗin tsirrai waɗanda zasu kare ƙasa daga leaching. Shuka bishiyoyi, ƙirƙirar belin gandun daji da yawa kusa da filayen, hanya ce mai kyau ta kare ƙasar. A gefe guda, shukokin bishiyoyi zasu kare amfanin gona daga hazo da iska, sannan kuma a daya bangaren, zasu karfafa kasar kuma su hana yashewa. Idan akwai gangare a cikin filayen, to ana dasa tsire-tsire masu kariya na ciyawar shekara-shekara.
Kariyar ƙasa daga yashewar iska
Don hana yanayin ƙasa da kiyaye lalataccen ƙasa, dole ne a gudanar da wasu ayyuka na kariya. Saboda wannan, da farko, ana yin jujjuyawar amfanin gona, ma'ana, ana sauya dasa nau'ikan amfanin gona kowace shekara: shekara guda suna shuka tsire-tsire na hatsi, sannan ciyawar shekara-shekara. Hakanan, an dasa sassan bishiyoyi akan iska mai ƙarfi, wanda ke haifar da shinge na ɗabi'a ga yawan iska da kare albarkatu. Bugu da kari, ana iya shuka tsirrai masu tsayi a nan kusa don kariya: masara, sunflower. Ana buƙatar ƙara ƙanshi a ƙasa domin tara danshi da kare tushen shuke-shuke, ƙarfafa su a cikin ƙasa.
Ayyuka masu zuwa zasu taimaka akan kowane nau'in zaizayar ƙasa:
- gina farfaji na musamman akan yashewa;
- fasaha ta gefe;
- dasa shrubs a cikin tube;
- kungiyar madatsun ruwa;
- tsarin tsarin kwararar ruwa mai narkewa.
Dukkanin dabarun da ke sama suna da bambancin matakin daban, amma dole ne ayi amfani dasu a hade don kare kasar daga zaizayar kasa.
