Don tantance yanayin yanayin, ya zama dole a gudanar da nazarin ilimin ƙasa. Suna nufin shawo kan al'amuran hulɗa tsakanin mutane da yanayi. Wannan saka idanu yana kimanta waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:
- sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam;
- inganci da matsayin rayuwar mutane;
- yadda ake amfani da albarkatun duniya.
Babban mahimmancin a cikin waɗannan karatun shine tasiri akan yanayin halitta na nau'ikan gurɓataccen yanayi, saboda yawan adadin sunadarai da mahaɗan suna tarawa a cikin biosphere. A yayin lura, kwararru suna kafa yankuna marasa kyau kuma suna tantance wuraren da suka fi gurbata, tare da tantance hanyoyin wannan gurbatar.
Siffofin gudanar da binciken ilimin kasa
Don gudanar da nazarin ilimin ƙasa, ya zama dole a ɗauki samfura don bincike:
- ruwa (ruwan karkashin kasa da na ƙasa);
- ƙasa;
- murfin dusar ƙanƙara;
- flora;
- sediments a ƙasan tafkunan ruwa.
Masana za su gudanar da bincike tare da tantance yanayin masaniyar yanayin. A cikin Rasha, ana iya yin hakan a Ufa, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow da sauran manyan biranen.
Don haka, yayin aiwatar da binciken ilimin kimiyar kasa, an kimanta matakin gurbatar iska da ruwa, da ƙasa da ƙididdigar abubuwa daban-daban a cikin biosphere.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa, gabaɗaya, yawan jama'a ba shi da wata ma'ana game da canje-canje a cikin mahalli idan gurɓataccen yanayi ya auku a cikin mizani mafi ƙarancin halaye. Wannan baya shafar walwala da lafiya ta kowace hanya. Nazarin ilimin ƙasa ne wanda ke nuna irin matsalolin da ke akwai a yankin.
Hanyoyin binciken ilimin kasa
Ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don gudanar da nazarin muhalli:
- ilimin yanayin kasa;
- ilimin kimiyar halittu;
- Hanyar iska;
- X-ray mai kyalli;
- tallan kayan kawa;
- kwarewar gwani;
- hangen nesa, da dai sauransu.
Don binciken ilimin kimiya, ana amfani da kayan aiki na zamani, kuma dukkan aikin ana gudanar da shi ne ta hanyar kwararru masu ƙwarewa, wanda zai ba ku damar sanin yanayin yanayin muhalli da kuma gano abubuwan da ke ƙazantar da halittar. Duk wannan a nan gaba zai ba da damar yin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa daidai da yin tunanin ayyukan tattalin arziki a cikin wani yanki, inda aka ɗauki samfurin ruwa, ƙasa, da sauransu.
