Mazaunin maza yana ɗayan manyan tsuntsayen da ke yawo a duniya. Condors sune manyan ungulu masu nauyin kilogram 8 zuwa 15. Tsawon jikin tsuntsayen daga 100 zuwa 130 cm, fikafikan suna da girma - daga 2.5 zuwa 3.2 m. Sunan kimiyya na kwandon shine Vultur gryphus. Vultur na nufin "yaga" kuma yana da alaƙa da cin nama, kuma "gryphus" yana nufin griffin na almara.
Bayanin kamanni
An rufe kayan kwalliyar da gashin baƙi - babban launi, bugu da theari an yi wa jikin ado da farin fuka-fuki. Rashin gashinsu, kawunansu na jiki shine mafi dacewa don cin abincin gawa: rashin fuka-fukai yana bawa masu ta'aziya damar sanya kawunansu cikin gawawwakin dabbobi ba tare da yawan kazantar da kawunansu ba. Seanƙƙun madaurin fata mai launin baƙar fata sun rataye kan kai da wuya. Condors yana da lalata ta hanyar jima'i: maza suna da jan kyalle, wanda ake kira caruncle, sama da bakinsu.
Ina masu jaje
Yankin rarraba kwandishan ya kasance mai fadi sau daya, ya tashi daga Venezuela zuwa Tierra del Fuego a ƙarshen Kudancin Amurka. Makusantan dangi na ta'aziyar Andean suna zaune a cikin Kalifoniya. Duk da cewa har yanzu ana samunsu a mafi yawan yankuna na Amurka, yawansu a kowane yanki ya ragu ƙwarai da gaske, mafi shaharar yawan jama'a yana arewa maso yammacin Patagonia.
Kamfanin California
Condors suna zaune a cikin makiyaya da wuraren tsaunuka masu tsaunuka, suna saukowa don ciyarwa a cikin gandun daji na kudanci na Patagonia da ƙananan hamada na Peru da Chile.
Abincin tsuntsaye
Condors suna amfani da hangen nesa da hankali don neman ganima. Suna yin duwatsu a kan tuddai, suna neman abincin da suka fi so - gawar - a kan wuraren buɗe ido. Kamar sauran masu farauta, tsarin shugabancin ciyarwar ta'aziyar Andean an yanke shi ne ta hanyar tsarin zamantakewar jama'a, tare da mafi tsufa namiji yana ciyarwa da fari sannan kuma mace mai ƙanƙanin shekaru. Wadannan ungulu suna rufe manyan hanyoyi har zuwa kilomita 320 a kowace rana, da kuma tsaunukan da suke tashi don sanya su cikin mawuyacin halin bin lambobin ko hanyoyin ƙaura.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna iya ganin gawar na tsawon kilomita da yawa. Condors ya tattara ragowar mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da:
- alpacas;
- guanaco;
- shanu;
- babban yadi;
- barewa
Wasu lokuta masu ta'aziyya suna satar kwai daga gidajen kananan tsuntsaye kuma su tafi da jariran wasu dabbobi. Mafi yawan lokuta, masu ta'aziya suna bin sawun ƙananan mayaƙan da suka fara gano gawa. Wannan dangantakar tana da fa'ida ga bangarorin biyu, tunda masu ta'aziya suna yayyage fatar jikin gawa tare da farcensu da baki, suna ba da sauƙin samun ganima ga ƙananan masu lalata.
Zaman lafiya cikin rikici
Yayin fadace-fadace tare da membobinta da sauran tsuntsayen da ke ɗauke da gawa, kwandastan yana dogaro ne da ayyukan al'ada waɗanda ke ba da mamayar. Ana warware rikice-rikice cikin sauri da zarar an gano wani babban tsuntsu. Saduwar jiki ba safai ba, kuma gashin tsuntsaye masu kyan gani ba su kare jikin mai ɗaukar hoto ba.
Siffofin ilimin lissafi da halayyar masu ta'aziya
Tsuntsayen sun tashi zuwa kilomita 5.5. Suna amfani da igiyar iska mai ɗumi don yawo a kewayen babban yanki. Condors suna rage zafin jikinsu cikin dare don kiyaye kuzari da ɗaga fikafikansu sau da yawa a rana don dumama. Ta hanyar yada fikafikansu, suna daga fuka-fukai wadanda suke lankwasawa yayin tashi. Condors galibi halittu ne masu nutsuwa, ba su da fitattun bayanai na murya, amma tsuntsaye suna yin kuwwa da sautin motsi.
Yadda ta'aziyya ke kula da zuriyarsu
Condors suna neman aboki da aboki don rayuwa, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 50 a cikin yanayi. Condor yana da tsawon rai. Tsuntsu ba ya zuwa lokacin kiwo da sauri kamar sauran halittu, amma yana balaga ne idan ya kai shekaru 6 zuwa 8.
Wadannan tsuntsayen galibi suna zaune ne a kan duwatsu da duwatsu a wuraren tsaunuka. Gidajen suna da branchesan rassa ne kaɗan, domin akwai treesan bishiyoyi da kayan tsirrai akan tsawan tsauni. Tunda yawancin gandun daji basa samun gurbi kuma iyaye biyu suna kiyaye su sosai, ƙyamar ƙwai da cuba isan ba safai ba, kodayake dawakai da tsuntsayen masu cin nama wani lokacin sukan kusanci abin don kashe zuriya.
Mace takan sanya kwai mai fari-fari, wanda iyayen suka hada shi tsawon kwanaki 59. Tunda matasa suna ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari don haɓaka, masu ta'aziya suna kwan ƙwai na gaba bayan shekara guda. Yaran tsuntsaye basa tashi sama har sai sun kai watanni 6, kuma sun dogara ga iyayensu na wasu shekaru biyu.
Adana nau'ikan
Yawan kwandon ya kasance cikin mummunan haɗari a cikin fewan shekarun da suka gabata, kodayake har yanzu ba a sanya tsuntsayen a hukumance ba suna cikin haɗari ba. A yau, ana farautar masu ta'aziya don wasanni kuma galibi manoma suna kashe su don ƙoƙarin kiyaye dabbobinsu. Condors suna mutuwa daga magungunan ƙwari waɗanda ke tarawa a cikin abincinsu, wanda ke shafar masu cin abincin a saman jerin abincin.
