Fadama yanki ne da ke da danshi mai yawa, kuma wani takamaiman murfin kwayoyin halitta aka samar dashi a samansa, wanda bai riga ya rube ba, kuma wanda daga baya ya zama peat. Yawancin lokaci peat peat a kan kusoshi akalla 30 santimita. Gabaɗaya, fadama mallakar tsarin halittar duniya take.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da fadama sun haɗa da:
- mafi dadaddun gandun daji a duniya an kirkireshi ne tsakanin tazarar shekaru miliyan 350-400 da suka gabata;
- mafi girma a yankin su ne dausayi a cikin kogin da ke kwararar kogin. Amazons.
Hanyoyin fadama
Fadama na iya bayyana ta hanyoyi biyu: tare da kwararar ruwa da kuma yawaitar jikkunan ruwa. A cikin farko, danshi yana bayyana ta hanyoyi daban-daban:
- danshi yana tarawa a wurare masu zurfi;
- ruwan karkashin kasa koyaushe yana bayyana a farfajiyar;
- tare da adadi mai yawa na hazo wanda ba shi da lokacin ƙafewa;
- a wuraren da cikas ke hana ruwa gudu.
Lokacin da ruwa ke shayar da ƙasar koyaushe, ya taru, to fadama na iya samarwa a wannan wuri tsawon lokaci.
A yanayi na biyu, fadama tana bayyana a wurin ruwa, misali, tabki ko kandami. Ruwan ruwa yana faruwa yayin da yankin ya cika daga ƙasa ko kuma zurfinsa ya ragu saboda rashin zurfin ruwa. Yayin samarda magudanar ruwa, takin gargajiya da ma'adinai suna taruwa a cikin ruwa, yawan ciyayi yana ƙaruwa sosai, yawan kwararar magudanan ruwa yana raguwa, kuma ruwan dake cikin tabkin yana zama kusan a tsaye. Fure, wanda ya wuce tafki, na iya zama duka na ruwa, daga ƙasan tabki, da kuma daga babban yankin. Waɗannan su ne mosses, sedges da reeds.
Samuwar Peat a fadama
Lokacin da fadama ta kafu, saboda karancin iskar oxygen da yawan danshi, shuke-shuke basa narkewa gaba daya. Matattun ƙwayoyin fure sun faɗi a ƙasa kuma ba su ruɓewa, suna tara dubunnan shekaru, suna juyawa zuwa wani tarin taro na launin ruwan kasa. Wannan shine yadda ake samun peat, kuma saboda wannan dalilin ana kiran gulbin peat bogs. Idan an cire peat a cikinsu, to ana kiran su peat bogs. A matsakaici, kaurin Layer yana da mita 1.5-2, amma wani lokacin adibas yana da mita 11. A cikin irin wannan yankin, banda sedge da gansakuka, Pine, Birch da alder suna girma.
Don haka, akwai marshes masu yawa a cikin ƙasa a lokuta daban-daban na samuwar. A karkashin wasu sharuda, ana samun peat a cikinsu, amma ba duk tsirrai bane tsarikan peat. Kasashen peatlands da kansu mutane suna amfani dasu sosai don hakar ma'adinai, waɗanda ana amfani dasu a bangarori daban-daban na tattalin arziki da masana'antu.
