Yankin Smolensk yana cikin tsakiyar yankin Rasha akan Gabashin Turai na Gabas. Babban kasonsa an kasafta shi zuwa Smolensk-Moscow Upland, a gefen kudu na Transnistrian Lowland, da kuma gefen arewa maso yamma na Baltic.
Yanayi na yau da kullun yana da sauƙin yanayin nahiyar, wanda ba shi da kaifin yanayin zafi. Winters suna da dumi, matsakaita zafin jiki shine -10, da wuya sosai zai iya sauka zuwa -30, a rabin rabin hunturu. A wannan ɓangaren na Rasha, ana yin ruwan sama sosai sau da yawa kuma ana lura da yanayin gajimare. Ba shi da zafi a nan lokacin bazara har zuwa iyakar 20.
A cikin yankin Smolensk, Dnieper River yana gudana tare da raƙuman ruwa na Vol, Desna, Sozh, Vyazma, ƙari, akwai kusan tabkuna 200, mafi kyawun su: Svaditskoye da Velisto. Jimlar yankin dazuzzuka ya kai kadada dubu 2185.4 kuma ya mallaki kashi 42% na yankin.
Kayan lambu
Flora na yankin Smolensk ya ƙunshi gandun daji, tsire-tsire na wucin gadi, shrubs, fadama, hanyoyi, farin ciki.
Bishiyoyi masu dausayi suna da kashi 75.3% na duka yankin ciyayi na wannan ƙasa, wanda kashi 61% ya faɗi akan shukokin Birch.
Bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa suna da kashi 24.3%, a cikinsu akwai nau'ikan spruce (kusan kashi 70%)
Dazuzzuka masu katako suna da kashi 0.4% na jimlar yankin da ciyayi.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan bishiyoyi sune:
Itacen Birch
Birch, tsayinsa 25-30 m, yana da kambi mai buɗewa da farin baƙi. Ba ya kasance cikin nau'in kwalliya, yana fuskantar da kyau tare da sanyi. Mafi yawan nau'ikan bishiyoyi.
Aspen
Aspen itace itaciyar bishiyar dangin Willow. Yana yaduwa a yankunan da ke cikin duhu da yanayin sanyi, wani fasali na musamman shine ganyayen rawar jiki a cikin iska mai ƙarfi.
Alder
Alder a Rasha yana wakiltar nau'ikan 9, mafi mahimmanci shine alder black. Ya kai tsawo na 35 m kuma diamita na 65 cm, ana amfani da katako a cikin masana'antar kayan daki.
Maple
Maple na cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, zai iya girma daga mita 10 zuwa 40 a tsayi, yayi girma da sauri. Yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari.
Itacen oak
Oak na dangin Beech ne, itaciya ce mai tsayi, tsayin ta zai iya kaiwa 40-50 m.
Linden
Linden ya girma har zuwa 30 m, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 100, ya fi son yanki na gandun daji da aka haɗu, ya yi kyau da inuwa.
Ash
Ash dan gidan Zaitun ne, yana da ganyaye masu ƙanƙani, ya kai tsayin 35 m.
Spruce
Spruce na dangin Pine ne kuma itace mai ɗanɗano tare da ƙananan allura, zai iya kaiwa 70 m.
Pine
Itacen pine yana da manyan allurai kuma itace mai walƙiya.
Daga cikin ganyayyakin akwai:
Geranium na daji
Geranium na daji gandun daji ne na yau da kullun, inflorescence shine lilac mai haske ko lilac mai duhu tare da tsakiyar wuta;
Rawaya zelenchuk
Zelenchuk rawaya kuma ana kiransa makantar dare, yana nufin shuke-shuke mai ɗumbin yawa tare da ganyen karammiski, kofuna na furanni kamar kararrawa.
Gandun daji na Angelica
Mala'ikan yana cikin dangin Umbrella, fararen furanni sun yi kama da siffar laima.
A cikin gandun dajin spruce zaka iya samun: koren mosses, lingonberries, raspberries, hazel, itacen acid, blueberries.
Moss koren
Lingonberry
Rasberi
Hazel
Kislitsa
Blueberry
A cikin gandun daji na pine akwai: lichens, heather, cat's paws, juniper.
Lichen
Yankin
Paunƙun cat
Juniper
Ana amfani da dajin don girbar katako a yankunan arewa maso yamma, arewa da arewa maso gabas na yankin, albarkatun da aka yi amfani da su an mayar da su ga matasa. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu warkarwa don bukatun magani. Akwai gonakin farauta a yankin Smolensk, kuma ana gudanar da ayyukan bincike.
A cikin yankin Smolensk akwai ambaliyar ruwa, ƙananan filaye da busassun makiyaya, kazalika da fadama da fadama masu zurfin fadama.
Fauna na yankin Smolensk
La'akari da cewa yankin yana cikin yankin hadewar dazuzzuka, sannan a kan iyakarta rayuwa:
A kowane yanki na Smolensk zaka iya cin karo da bushiya, tawadar Allah, jemage, zomo. An lissafa jemagu masu yawa a cikin Littafin Ja.
Bushiya
Mole
Jemage
Boar
Dabbobin daji suna da yawan jama'a, dabbobi sune abin farauta.
Kurege
Kurege sun fi son ciyayi da yankin steppe.
Brown kai
Bears masu launin ruwan goro dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, waɗanda suke da girma a girma, sun gwammace su zauna a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa, akwai dabbobi kusan 1,000.
Wolf
Wolves - akwai wadatattun su a yankin, don haka an ba da izinin farauta.
Kimanin nau'in dabbobi 131 aka lissafa a cikin Red Book of Smolensk kuma doka ta kiyaye su, an hana farauta. Rashin haɗari shine:
Muskrat
Desman na dangin Mole ne. Aaramar dabba ce, wutsiyarta an rufe ta da ma'auni na jaraba, hancinta yana cikin siffar akwati, gabobin jikinsu gajere ne, Jawo mai kauri ne mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, ciki ya fi sauƙi.
Otter
Otter mahaɗan dangin Mustelidae ne. Tana jagorantar salon ruwa-ruwa. Dabbar tana da tsayayyen jiki, gashinta ya kasance ruwan kasa mai duhu a samansa, da haske ko azurfa a ƙasa. Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin otter (kai tsaye, gajeren ƙafa da doguwar jela) suna ba da izinin yin iyo a ƙarƙashin ruwa, gashinsa ba ya yin ruwa.
Tsuntsaye
A lokacin tsugunnar a wannan yankin akwai nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 70, wadanda mafi yawansu ba su da yawa, kuma ba zai yuwu a farautar su ba. Theananan sun hada da:
Baƙin stork
Baƙin stork ɗin fari ne da fari mai fari da fari kuma yana ciyarwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfin ruwa da makiyaya mai ambaliya.
Mikiya
Mikiya ta zinare dangin Yastrebins ne, sun fi son zama a cikin tsaunuka, a fili. Saurayin yana da manyan ɗigon fari a fiffike, farin jela mai iyaka mai duhu. Bakin tsuntsun yana kamu. Launi na lamin manya na launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu ko baƙi-launin ruwan kasa.
Serpentine
Ana samun gaggafar maciji a cikin gandun daji da aka haɗu da steppe. Bayan tsuntsu launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne. Tsuntsu mai rufin asiri.
Bugun baƙi
Bakar kuzari na dangin Duck, ƙaramin wakilinsu. Kai da wuya suna da baki, baya tare da fuka-fuki launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. A cikin manya, akwai farin abin wuya a wuya a wuya. Paws tare da baki baki ne.
Farar gaggafa
Mikiya mai farin-wutsiya tana da ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, kuma kai tare da wuya mai launin rawaya, wutsiya fara ce mai siffar tsintsiya, bakin da iris na ido rawaya ne mai haske.
Fagen Peregrine
Tsuntsayen peregrine na dangin Falcon ne, girmanta bai wuce girman hankaka mai kaho ba. Ana rarrabe shi da duhu mai duhu, launin toka-mai launin toka a bayan baya, ciki mai haske dabam-dabam da kuma baƙar fata saman kai. Peregrine Falcon shine tsuntsu mafi sauri a duniya, gudun sa ya wuce kilomita 322 a awa ɗaya.
Eagananan Mikiya
Babban Mikiya Mai Haske
Eaglesananan Eaglesananan Eaglesananan Eagles ba su da bambanci, suna da duhun ruwan kasa masu duhu, bayan kai da yankin da ke ƙarƙashin wutsiya sun fi sauƙi.
