Giwan polar bear Dabba ce mai cin nama mai cin nama. An samo shi a zamanin da, a cikin yankunan arewacin bakin teku, dabba ce mai girman gaske. A cikin taron ganawa, yana da haɗari. Kwancen polar na zamani dan dabba ne mai cin nama daga dangin beyar. Jinsi ne mai launin ruwan kasa da kuma zuriya madaidaiciya na wata katuwar dabba mai tsohon tarihi. Ya kasance mafi girman yan cin nama a duniya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Giant Polar Bear
Calledananan raƙuman raƙuman waɗannan dabbobi ana kiranta babban katuwar polar. An rarrabe wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ta girman su (har zuwa 4 m) da babban nauyi (har zuwa tan 1). Masu bincike sun gano kawai yan gutsutsuren wannan dabba mai tarihi. An gano ƙasusuwansa a Ingila a ƙarni na ƙarshe. Umarshen halittar jinsin mai yiwuwa ya faru ne saboda a ƙarshen shekarun kankara babu wadataccen abinci a cikin yanayin kankarar.
An yi imanin cewa dabbar wata hanya ce ta tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsakanin fararen fata da launin ruwan kasa na yau da kullum. Masana kimiyya sunyi tunanin cewa fiye da ƙarni 100 da suka gabata, wani farin jinsin dabbar zabiya ya samo asali ne daga beyar talakawa. Amma kwanan nan an tabbatar da shi kuma a kimiyyance ya tabbatar da cewa fararen jinsin mutane sun bayyana ne saboda tsallakawa da manya-manyan launin ruwan kasa.
A cikin yawan fararen iri-iri, har zuwa 10% na kwayoyin halittar katuwar da 2% na launin ruwan kasa mai duhu an samo. Wannan hujja ce kai tsaye game da cakuda jinsuna.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Giant polar bear
Babban katuwar polar wata dabba ce mai girman gaske, mai ƙarfi da taurin kai. Yana da girma da karfin jiki. Lokacin da aka sadu da ita, dabbar na iya zama mai haɗari sosai, musamman a lokacin rutting ko shayar da yaran. Yawanci tsawon jikin mutum na kusan ya kai mita 3.5, kuma nauyin aƙalla tan. Manyan maza sun auna fiye da kilogiram 500, suna da tsayin jiki aƙalla mita 3. Bears sun fi ƙanƙanta (200-300 kg, 1.6-2.5 m). Tsayin dabba ya bushe ya kai 1.7 m.
Polar bear har yanzu tana da doguwar wuya da ƙarami, madaidaiciyar kai. Launi na sutura na iya zama ba fari kawai ba, amma tare da farin-rawaya mai launi, musamman a lokacin dumi.
Gashi suna da tsari mara kyau, wanda zai bawa dabba damar daskarewa a cikin tsananin sanyi kuma baya yin ruwa a cikin ruwan sanyi. Wannan layin gashi yana da duhu a cikin hoton. Idan dabbar tana cikin yanayi mai ɗumi ko a gidan ajiyar dabbobi na dogon lokaci, rigarsa na iya samun ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, amma wannan ba alama ce ta wani irin cuta ba.
Linedafaffun tafin manyan duga-dugan an lulluɓe su da ulu mai taushi mai laushi, wanda ya ba shi damar sauƙi a kan dusar kankara mai santsi kuma ba ya daskarewa a cikin yanayin arewacin mai sanyi. Wani fasalin na'urar faratan faratan polar shine membrane tsakanin yatsun kafa. Wannan yana ba shi damar haɓaka saurin gudu cikin ruwa kuma yana da kyakkyawar motsi, duk da nauyin waje da damuwa. Manyan ƙafafun dabbar suna iya riƙe ƙaramin ko babban ganima.
Tsarin kwarangwal na wannan babbar dabbar yana da tsari mai kauri, wanda zai iya jure wa aikin karfi da kuma mawuyacin yanayi na yanayin arewacin. Katuwar polar bear ita ce mafi girman dabbobi masu shayarwa da suka taɓa rayuwa a duniya.
A ina katuwar polar bear ta zauna?
Photo: Giant polar bear
Mazaunin dabba ya fadada:
- a cikin tsaunukan arewa;
- zuwa Newfoundland ta zamani;
- a hamadar arctic zuwa tundra kanta.
- An sami manyan manyan goge a cikin Svalbard;
- Mafi yawan mutane sun rayu a bakin Tekun Bering.
A yankin ƙasar Rasha ta zamani, mazaunin katuwar polar bear ita ce arewacin tekun Chukchi, da kuma Tekun Arctic da Bering.
Menene katuwar polar bear ta ci?
Photo: Giant polar bear
Wurin zama na babban kogin polar bear, kamar zuriyarsa ta zamani, ya kasance kankara mai kankara mai sauri da yawo da kankara. Anan dabbobi suka gina raminsu, suka fito da theira theiransu kuma suka kama abincinsu, wanda shine kifi, walrusi, hatimin ringi, da hatimin gemu. Dabbar dabba mai cin nama har yanzu tana kama dabbobi ta wata hanya dabam.
Kamar yadda yake a zamanin da, dabbar tana kawai ɓuya a cikin mafaka kusa da ramin kuma cikin haƙuri tana lura da abin da ta kama. Da zaran karamar dabba ta hango daga cikin ramin kankara, sai beran nan da nan ya dame shi tare da buga ƙafarta mai ƙarfi kuma ya cire shi daga ruwan zuwa saman. Bears na kama da goro daidai a kan ƙasa, inda nan da nan suke cin fata da alade. Bears suna cin naman ganimar su da ƙyar, kawai a cikin lokutan yunwa.
Hakanan, a lokacin lokacin yunwa na shekara, tare da tsananin rashin abinci, beyar na iya ciyar da mataccen kifi, gawa, da algae. Wasu lokuta ba sa kyamar zubar da shara a kusa da wuraren taro na polar ko kuma suna iya lalata kantin sayar da abinci, suna satar duk kayan abinci daga masu binciken polar.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Giant Polar Bear
A zamaninmu, kamar a zamanin da, halayyar beyar ba ta canza sosai ba. Dabbobin farauta masu neman abinci na iya yawo ko'ina cikin yankin, gwargwadon lokacin. A lokacin bazara, suna bin kankara kusa da Pole na Arewa, kamar yadda kifi da hatimai ke bin dusar kankara.
A lokacin hunturu, Bears suna wucewa zuwa babban yanki zuwa zurfin kilomita 70, inda suke kwance a cikin kogon don kiwo da ciyar da zuriya. Bears masu juna biyu yawanci suna yin bacci na tsawon watanni 3-4. Maza ba sa barci na dogon lokaci, kimanin wata guda, tun da lokacin sanyi suna cikin farauta da neman abinci, suna adana kitsen mai da ke ƙasa don nan gaba don lokacin yunwa.
Halin al'ada na maza da mata ya dogara da kakar. A wani lokaci mai dumi, idan akwai wadataccen abinci a kusa, dabbobi suna yin salama kuma basa afkawa mutane ko dabbobi. A lokacin tsananin hunturu na arctic, bera ana tilasta su yin gwagwarmaya don rayuwarsu, don haka suna iya zama masu saurin rikici da haɗari ga mutane ko dabbobin gida.
Mata masu saniya suna da haɗari sosai idan sun haɗu ba zato ba tsammani. Suna da wata ilhami don kiyaye zuriya kuma nan da nan suna afkawa duk wanda ya kusaci kusantar kogon da yara. Duk polar bears suna da girma, mara kyau kuma mara kyau. A zahiri, dabbobi suna da sauri da sauri cikin ruwa da ƙasa.
Fasali na Belar Bears:
- wani lokacin farin ciki na kitse mai subcutaneous yana kariya daga sanyi;
- ulu mai dumbin yawa yana kiyaye sosai daga daskarewa a cikin kangon kankara;
- da farin gashi ne mai kyau sake kamanni.
Dabbar kusan ba mai yuwuwa bane a hango ta daga asalin bayan kankara ko dusar ƙanƙara. Godiya ga kyakkyawan ƙamshi da ji, ƙaton tsoho mai farauta zai iya jin ƙamshin abincinsa da nisan mil ɗari da yawa. A kan ruwan, dabbar za ta iya shawo kan manyan nisan kuma ta isa saurin zuwa kilomita 6 / h. Wannan ya taimaka masa ya kama wani, ko da sauƙin ganima. Tare da taimakon fitilar GPS, an rubuta shari'ar belar belar da ke tafiya cikin sauri fiye da kilomita 600. cikin yan kwanaki kadan.
Mutane masu farauta kamar su katuwar belar na iya kai hari kan manyan dabbobi kamar hatimi, a yau ma suna da haɗari sosai. Sabili da haka, a cikin wuraren da ake zaune da yawa, akwai buƙatar yin taka tsan-tsan da motsawa sosai. Wajibi ne a bincika abubuwan kewaye don kar a shiga cikin kogon beyar ko sandar haɗawa da namiji.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Giant Polar Bear
Dabbobi suna rayuwa su kadai, ba su da ka'idar garken dabbobi. Maza maza masu zaman lafiya suna da nutsuwa da juna, amma a lokacin saduwar aure ana samun rikice-rikice masu yawa don mallakar mace. Dabbobin da suka manyanta na iya kai hari kan san ƙanana su cinye su a lokacin yunwar shekara.
Rutukan maza sun faru a cikin bazara da farkon bazara: daga Maris zuwa Yuni. Mace galibi masu gasa da yawa ne suka lashe ta, amma nasarar koyaushe tana zuwa ga mafi ƙarfi da cancanta. Mata masu ciki sun haƙa rami a yankin bakin teku, inda, a cikin dumi da kariya daga idanun ido, sun kawo zuriya - ora 2an 2 ko 3.
Arsananan beyar beyar ba su da taki. Waɗannan ƙananan rukunin masu farautar suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin kiwo. Mace tana ba da zuriya sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2-3, amma ba a baya ba bayan shekaru 5-8. Shearƙarar da take kwance a cikin kogon a tsakiyar kaka, a cikin ɓataccen matakin ciki, wanda ya kai kwanaki 250. 'Ya'yan sun bayyana a ƙarshen hunturu, amma matar ta kasance ba ta barci har zuwa Afrilu. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, yawanci an haifi ɗiya da yawa. A tsawon rayuwarta, matar bata ciyar da jarirai 15 ba.
Jaririn da aka haifa yayi nauyi tsakanin gram 450 zuwa 700. Bayan zuriyar ta bayyana, uwar ba ta bar kogon ba har tsawon watanni 3, sannan dangin suka bar jirgin ruwan kuma suka fara tafiya cikin Arctic. Har zuwa shekaru 1.5, mace ta ciyar da zuriyar gaba ɗaya tare da madararta kuma ta yi renon yaran, tana koya musu ainihin farautar hunturu da kamun kifi.
Abokan gaba na katuwar polar bear
Photo: Giant polar bear
Babbar dabba mai ƙarfi kuma ba ta da kama a mazaunin ta. Dabba mara lafiya ko rauni ya sami rauni ta hanyar hatimi ko kifi kifi whale. Cubananan kuruciya da suka rage ba tare da kariya ta uwa ba sau da yawa mahaukaci ko ma kerke na polar suna kai musu hari.
A zamanin yau, babban makiyin zuriyar katuwar belar bera shi ne mafarauta, waɗanda, duk da haramcin, suna harbe waɗannan dabbobin saboda kyakkyawar fata da naman beyar mai daɗi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Giant Polar Bear
A cikin mawuyacin yanayin arewa, manyan gogaggen polar sun rayu tsawon shekaru 30, a yau zuriyarsu da ke cikin bauta na iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 40. Lokacin da aka haye fararen maza da mata masu ruwan kasa, ana samun nau'ikan cakudawa ko na polar grizzlies. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙarfi da jimiri na belar, da hankali da motsi na dabbobin ruwan kasa.
Yawan dabbobi na dangin bear a yau sun kai kimanin mutane dubu 25 a duk faɗin duniya, a Rasha - har zuwa dubu 7. Nan gaba kadan, an shirya gudanar da kidayar iyakoki na polar a cikin Tarayyar Rasha don yin cikakken rikodi da adana yawan su.
Polar kare kariya
Hotuna: Giant Polar Bear
'Yan Arewa da mazauna yankin suna farautar beran daji, suna samun kyawawan fata da kuma cin nama. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, an hana farautar beyar, kuma a cikin Amurka, Kanada da Greenland an iyakance shi. Akwai kayyadaddun kayyadaddun abubuwa don farautar beyar polar, wanda ke ba da damar tsara karuwar yawan jama'a, amma yana hana rusa ta gaba daya.
Tunda an jera yawan yawan polar bear a cikin Red Book International da Red Book of Russia, doka ta kiyaye shi. Tare da saurin haifuwa da kuma saurin mace-macen kananan dabbobi, raguwar saurin dabbobin ke faruwa. Sabili da haka, an hana farautar belar bear a cikin Rasha.
Akwai wurin ajiyar yanayi a tsibirin Wrangel, inda ake samun ci gaban yawan jama'a. A cikin 2016, yawan belar a cikin Tarayyar Rasha sun kai mutane dubu 6.
Giwan polar bear tun zamanin da ya rayu a duniyar tamu. A yau, gwamnatocin ƙasashe da yawa suna ɗaukar matakai daban-daban don kulawa da haɓaka yawan adadin bear. Ana fatan wadannan manyan dabbobi za su hayayyafa sosai a duk yankin arewa kuma ba za su bace ba, kamar yadda zuriyarsu suka fito daga doron kasa, suka bar wasu kalilan da suka rage a gabansu.
Ranar bugawa: 05.03.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/15/2019 a 18:44
